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Díaz-Tapia KM, Zavala-Páramo MG, Villa-Rivera MG, Morelos-Martínez MI, López-Romero E, Simpson J, Bolaños-Rebolledo J, Cano-Camacho H. Differential Carbon Catabolite Repression and Hemicellulolytic Ability among Pathotypes of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum against Natural Plant Substrates. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:406. [PMID: 38921392 PMCID: PMC11204554 DOI: 10.3390/jof10060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is a phytopathogenic fungus that causes anthracnose in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and presents a great diversity of pathotypes with different levels of virulence against bean varieties worldwide. The purpose of this study was to establish whether pathotypic diversity is associated with differences in the mycelial growth and secretion of plant-cell-wall-degrading enzymes (PCWDEs). We evaluated growth, hemicellulase and cellulase activity, and PCWDE secretion in four pathotypes of C. lindemuthianum in cultures with glucose, bean hypocotyls and green beans of P. vulgaris, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes). The results showed differences in the mycelial growth, hemicellulolytic activity, and PCWDE secretion among the pathotypes. Glucose was not the preferred carbon source for the best mycelial growth in all pathotypes, each of which showed a unique PCWDE secretion profile, indicating different levels of carbon catabolite regulation (CCR). The pathotypes showed a high differential hemicellulolytic capacity to degrade host and water hyacinth tissues, suggesting CCR by pentoses and that there are differences in the absorption and metabolism of different monosaccharides and/or disaccharides. We propose that different levels of CCR could optimize growth in different host tissues and could allow for consortium behavior in interactions with bean crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Morelia Díaz-Tapia
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - María Guadalupe Zavala-Páramo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - Maria Guadalupe Villa-Rivera
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No. 8701, Morelia 58190, Michoacán, Mexico;
| | - Ma. Irene Morelos-Martínez
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta SN, Guanajuato 36030, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - June Simpson
- Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Km 9.6 Libramiento Norte Carretera Irapuato-León, Irapuato 36821, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Jeni Bolaños-Rebolledo
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
| | - Horacio Cano-Camacho
- Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, FMVZ, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Km 9.5 Carretera Morelia-Zinapécuaro, Posta Veterinaria, Morelia 58000, Michoacán, Mexico; (K.M.D.-T.); (M.I.M.-M.); (J.B.-R.)
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Wu X, Zhang S, Zhao S, Dai L, Huang S, Liu X, Yu J, Wang L. Functional Specificity of Three α-Arabinofuranosidases from Different Glycoside Hydrolase Families in Aspergillus niger An76. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5039-5048. [PMID: 35420820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
α-l-Arabinofuranosidase (Abf), a debranching enzyme that can remove arabinose substituents from arabinoxylan, promotes the hydrolysis of hemicellulose in plant biomass. However, the functional specificity of Abfs from different glycoside hydrolase (GH) families on the digestion of arabinoxylan and their synergistic interaction with xylanase have not been systematically studied. In this work, we characterized three Abfs (AxhA, AbfB, and AbfC) from GH62, GH54, and GH51 families in Aspergillus niger An76. Quantitative transcriptional analysis showed that expression of the axhA gene was upregulated as a result of induction by xylose substrates, whereas expression of the abfB gene was mainly induced by arabinose. Recombinant AxhA, AbfB, and AbfC exhibited different hydrolytic performances. AxhA showed the highest catalytic activity toward wheat arabinoxylan (WAX) and tended to hydrolyze monosubstituted arabinofuranose units, whereas AbfB had higher catalytic activity on AN and debranched arabinan (DAN), having the ability to cope with mono- and disubstituted arabinofuranose units. Furthermore, AbfC had greater arabinofuranosidase activity on p-nitrophenyl-α-l-arabinofuranoside (pNP-AraF) than on other substrates. Moreover, three Abfs displayed obvious synergistic action with GH11 xylanase XynB against WAX and barley husk residues. The elucidation of the degradation mechanisms of Abfs will lay a theoretical foundation for the efficient industrialized transformation of arabinoxylans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Shuxia Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, Shandong, China
| | - Junhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biological Fermentation Engineering of Beer, Qingdao 266000, Shandong, China
| | - Lushan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
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Li X, Dilokpimol A, Kabel MA, de Vries RP. Fungal xylanolytic enzymes: Diversity and applications. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 344:126290. [PMID: 34748977 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
As important polysaccharide degraders in nature, fungi can diversify their extensive set of carbohydrate-active enzymes to survive in ecological habitats of various composition. Among these enzymes, xylanolytic ones can efficiently and sustainably degrade xylans into (fermentable) monosaccharides to produce valuable chemicals or fuels from, for example relevant for upgrading agro-food industrial side streams. Moreover, xylanolytic enzymes are being used in various industrial applications beyond biomass saccharification, e.g. food, animal feed, biofuel, pulp and paper. As a reference for researchers working in related areas, this review summarized the current knowledge on substrate specificity of xylanolytic enzymes from different families of the Carbohydrate-Active enZyme database. Additionally, the diversity of enzyme sets in fungi were discussed by comparing the number of genes encoding xylanolytic enzymes in selected fungal genomes. Finally, to support bio-economy, the current applications of fungal xylanolytic enzymes in industry were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Li
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adiphol Dilokpimol
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam A Kabel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute & Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Liu Y, Vanderhaeghen S, Feiler W, Angelov A, Baudrexl M, Zverlov V, Liebl W. Characterization of Two α-l-Arabinofuranosidases from Acetivibrio mesophilus and Their Synergistic Effect in Degradation of Arabinose-Containing Substrates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9071467. [PMID: 34361903 PMCID: PMC8307384 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabinofuranosidases are important accessory enzymes involved in the degradation of arabinose-containing poly- and oligosaccharides. Two arabinofuranosidases from the recently described novel anaerobic cellulolytic bacterium Acetivibrio mesophilus, designated AmAraf51 and AmAraf43, were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli and biochemically characterized. AmAraf51 not only removed arabinose moieties at O-3, O-2 and terminal O-5 positions of arabinose-containing oligosaccharides, but also exhibited exo-β-xylosidase side activity. In comparison, AmAraf43 preferably cleaved 1,3-linkages from arabinosyl disubstitutions. AmAraf51 and AmAraf43 demonstrated maximum activity at 70 °C and 57 °C, respectively. Judging from the genetic context and substrate specificity, AmAraf51 may decompose internalized arabino/xylo-oligosaccharides. The embedding of the AmAraf43 gene between genes for several putative xylanolytic enzymes, along with its enzymatic properties suggests that AmAraf43 cleaves arabinose decorations from heteroxylans extracellularly. The enzymes revealed completely converse activity profiles towards arabinan/arabinoxylan: AmAraf51 displayed strong activity on arabinan, while AmAraf43 prefers arabinoxylan. AmAraf51 dramatically stimulated the saccharification level of wheat arabinoxylan (WAX-RS) and sugar beet arabinan when administered along with xylanase M_Xyn10 or arabinanase PpAbn43, respectively. For WAX-RS degradation, the yield of arabinose and xylose was boosted 13.77-fold and 4.96-fold, respectively. The bifunctional activity, thermostability and high catalytic efficiency make AmAraf51 an interesting candidate for industrial applications.
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Functional and structural characterization of an α-ʟ-arabinofuranosidase from Thermothielavioides terrestris and its exquisite domain-swapped β-propeller fold crystal packing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140533. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sharma K, Fontes CMGA, Najmudin S, Goyal A. Small angle X-ray scattering based structure, modeling and molecular dynamics analyses of family 43 glycoside hydrolase α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Clostridium thermocellum. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 39:209-218. [PMID: 31856699 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1707119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes that participate in the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates display a modular architecture, although the significance of enzyme modularity to flexibility and catalytic efficacy is not fully understood. α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Clostridium thermocellum (CtAraf43) catalyzes the release of α-1,2-, α-1,3-, or α-1,5- linked L-arabinose from arabinose decorated polysaccharides. CtAraf43 comprises an N-terminal catalytic domain (CtAbf43A) connected with two family 6 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), termed as CtCBM6A and CtCBM6B, through flexible linker peptides. Here, we modeled the structure of CtAraf43 revealing that the module, CtAbf43A displays a 5-fold β-propeller fold and the CBMs the typical jellyroll type β-sandwich folds. Ramachandran plot showed 98.5% residues in the favored region and 1.5% residues in the disallowed region. Molecular dynamics simulation analysis of CtAraf43 revealed significant flexibility that is more expressive in the C-terminal CtCBM6B module in terms of structure and orientation. Small angle X-ray scattering analysis of CtAraf43 revealed its elongated structure. CtAraf43 at 1.2 mg/mL demonstrated the monomeric nature and a multi-modular shaped molecular envelope in solution with a Dmax of 12 nm. However, at 4.7 mg/mL, CtAraf43 displayed a dimeric structure and elongated molecular envelope. Kratky plot analysis revealed the folded state of CtAraf43 with limited flexibility at both concentrations. The data revealed higher flexibility at the C-terminal of CtAraf43 suggesting a coordinated action of the N-terminal catalytic module CtAbf43A and the internal CtCBM6A.AbbreviationCBMsCarbohydrate Binding ModulesCtAraf43α-L-arabinofuranosidaseGHsGlycoside HydrolasesMDMolecular DynamicsRMSDRoot Mean Square DeviationRMSFRoot Mean Square FluctuationSAXSSmall angle X-ray scatteringCommunicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kedar Sharma
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Carlos M G A Fontes
- CIISA-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Shabir Najmudin
- CIISA-Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Arun Goyal
- Carbohydrate Enzyme Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Hao G, McCormick S, Vaughan MM, Naumann TA, Kim HS, Proctor R, Kelly A, Ward TJ. Fusarium graminearum arabinanase (Arb93B) Enhances Wheat Head Blight Susceptibility by Suppressing Plant Immunity. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2019; 32:888-898. [PMID: 30759350 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-06-18-0170-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat and barley caused by the fungus Fusarium graminearum reduces crop yield and contaminates grain with mycotoxins. In this study, we investigated two exo-1,5-α-L-arabinanases (Arb93A and Arb93B) secreted by F. graminearum and their effect on wheat head blight development. Arabinan is an important component of plant cell walls but it was not known whether these arabinanases play a role in FHB. Both ARB93A and ARB93B were induced during the early stages of infection. arb93A mutants did not exhibit a detectable change in ability to cause FHB, whereas arb93B mutants caused lower levels of FHB symptoms and deoxynivalenol contamination compared with the wild type. Furthermore, virulence and deoxynivalenol contamination were restored to wild-type levels in ARB93B complemented mutants. Fusion proteins of green fluorescent protein (GFP) with the predicted chloroplast peptide or the mature protein of Arb93B were not observed in the chloroplast. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was reduced in the infiltrated zones of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves expressing ARB93B-GFP. Coexpression of ARB93B-GFP and Bax in N. benthamiana leaves significantly suppressed Bax-programmed cell death. Our results indicate that Arb93B enhances plant disease susceptibility by suppressing ROS-associated plant defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guixia Hao
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Susan McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Todd A Naumann
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Hye-Seon Kim
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Robert Proctor
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Amy Kelly
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
| | - Todd J Ward
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, U.S.A
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Yamaguchi A, Sogabe Y, Fukuoka S, Sakai T, Tada T. Structures of endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase mutants from Bacillus thermodenitrificans TS-3 in complex with arabino-oligosaccharides. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION F-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS 2018; 74:774-780. [PMID: 30511671 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x18015947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The thermostable endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanase from Bacillus thermodenitrificans TS-3 (ABN-TS) hydrolyzes the α-1,5-L-arabinofuranoside linkages of arabinan. In this study, the crystal structures of inactive ABN-TS mutants, D27A and D147N, were determined in complex with arabino-oligosaccharides. The crystal structures revealed that ABN-TS has at least six subsites in the deep V-shaped cleft formed across one face of the propeller structure. The structural features indicate that substrate recognition is profoundly influenced by the remote subsites as well as by the subsites surrounding the active center. The `open' structure of the substrate-binding cleft of the endo-acting ABN-TS is suitable for the random binding of several sugar units in polymeric substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Yuri Sogabe
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Satomi Fukuoka
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takuo Sakai
- IGA Bio Research, Sakai, Osaka 590-0004, Japan
| | - Toshiji Tada
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
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Meijerink M, Rösch C, Taverne N, Venema K, Gruppen H, Schols HA, Wells JM. Structure Dependent-Immunomodulation by Sugar Beet Arabinans via a SYK Tyrosine Kinase-Dependent Signaling Pathway. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1972. [PMID: 30369923 PMCID: PMC6194903 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is much interest in the immunomodulatory properties of dietary fibers but their activity may be influenced by contamination with microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acids, which are difficult to remove completely from biological samples. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from TLR2x4 double-KO mice were shown to be a reliable approach to analyse the immunomodulatory properties of a diverse range of dietary fibers, by avoiding immune cell activation due to contaminating MAMPs. Several of the 44 tested dietary fiber preparations induced cytokine responses in BMDCs from TLR2x4 double-KO mice. The particulate fractions of linear arabinan (LA) and branched arabinan (BA) from sugar beet pectin were shown to be strongly immune stimulatory with LA being more immune stimulatory than BA. Enzymatic debranching of BA increased its immune stimulatory activity, possibly due to increased particle formation by the alignment of debranched linear arabinan. Mechanistic studies showed that the immunostimulatory activity of LA and BA was independent of the Dectin-1 recognition but Syk kinase-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Meijerink
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christiane Rösch
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Nico Taverne
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Koen Venema
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Centre for Healthy Eating and Food Innovation, Maastricht University, Venlo, Netherlands
- Beneficial Microbes Consultancy, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Schols
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jerry M. Wells
- Host Microbe Interactomics, Department of Animal Science, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Identification and characterization of GH62 bacterial α-l-arabinofuranosidase from thermotolerant Streptomyces sp. SWU10 that preferentially degrades branched l-arabinofuranoses in wheat arabinoxylan. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 112:22-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lara-Espinoza C, Carvajal-Millán E, Balandrán-Quintana R, López-Franco Y, Rascón-Chu A. Pectin and Pectin-Based Composite Materials: Beyond Food Texture. Molecules 2018; 23:E942. [PMID: 29670040 PMCID: PMC6017442 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pectins are plant cell wall natural heteropolysaccharides composed mainly of α-1-4 d-galacturonic acid units, which may or may not be methyl esterified, possesses neutral sugars branching that harbor functional moieties. Physicochemical features as pH, temperature, ions concentration, and cosolute presence, affect directly the extraction yield and gelling capacity of pectins. The chemical and structural features of this polysaccharide enables its interaction with a wide range of molecules, a property that scientists profit from to form new composite matrices for target/controlled delivery of therapeutic molecules, genes or cells. Considered a prebiotic dietary fiber, pectins meetmany regulations easily, regarding health applications within the pharmaceutical industry as a raw material and as an agent for the prevention of cancer. Thus, this review lists many emergent pectin-based composite materials which will probably palliate the impact of obesity, diabetes and heart disease, aid to forestall actual epidemics, expand the ken of food additives and food products design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lara-Espinoza
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Elizabeth Carvajal-Millán
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - René Balandrán-Quintana
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Yolanda López-Franco
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
| | - Agustín Rascón-Chu
- Research Center for Food and Development, CIAD, A.C., Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, Hermosillo, Sonora 83304, Mexico.
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Belorkar SA, Gupta AK. Oligosaccharides: a boon from nature's desk. AMB Express 2016; 6:82. [PMID: 27699701 PMCID: PMC5047869 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-016-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the varied sources of oligosaccharides available in nature as silent health promoting, integral ingredients of plants as well as animal products like honey and milk. The article focuses on exotic and unfamiliar oligosaccharides like Galactooligosaccharides, Lactulose derived Galactooligosaccharides, Xylooligosaccharides, Arabinooligosaccharides and algae derived Marine oligosaccharides along with the most acknowledged prebiotic fructooligosaccharides. The oligosaccharides are named as on the grounds of the monomeric units forming oligomers with functional properties. The chemical structures, natural sources, microbial enzyme mediated synthesis and physiological effects are discussed. An elaborate account of the different types of oligosaccharides with special reference to fructooligosaccharides are presented. Finally, the profound health benefits of oligosaccharides are rigourously discussed limelighting its positive physiological sequel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema A. Belorkar
- Department of Microbiology and Bioinformatics, Bilaspur University, 206, Budhiya complex, Sarkanda, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495004 India
| | - A. K. Gupta
- Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, CG 492010 India
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13
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Shinozaki A, Hosokawa S, Nakazawa M, Ueda M, Sakamoto T. Identification and characterization of three Penicillium chrysogenum α-l-arabinofuranosidases (PcABF43B, PcABF51C, and AFQ1) with different specificities toward arabino-oligosaccharides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015; 73-74:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Babbar N, Dejonghe W, Gatti M, Sforza S, Elst K. Pectic oligosaccharides from agricultural by-products: production, characterization and health benefits. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:594-606. [DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.996732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Babbar
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium and
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium and
| | - Monica Gatti
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Stefano Sforza
- Department of Food Science, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Kathy Elst
- Separation & Conversion Technology, VITO-Flemish Institute for Technological Research, Boeretang, Mol, Belgium and
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15
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Karnaouri A, Topakas E, Antonopoulou I, Christakopoulos P. Genomic insights into the fungal lignocellulolytic system of Myceliophthora thermophila. Front Microbiol 2014; 5:281. [PMID: 24995002 PMCID: PMC4061905 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbial conversion of solid cellulosic biomass to liquid biofuels may provide a renewable energy source for transportation fuels. Cellulolytic fungi represent a promising group of organisms, as they have evolved complex systems for adaptation to their natural habitat. The filamentous fungus Myceliophthora thermophila constitutes an exceptionally powerful cellulolytic microorganism that synthesizes a complete set of enzymes necessary for the breakdown of plant cell wall. The genome of this fungus has been recently sequenced and annotated, allowing systematic examination and identification of enzymes required for the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. The genomic analysis revealed the existence of an expanded enzymatic repertoire including numerous cellulases, hemicellulases, and enzymes with auxiliary activities, covering the most of the recognized CAZy families. Most of them were predicted to possess a secretion signal and undergo through post-translational glycosylation modifications. These data offer a better understanding of activities embedded in fungal lignocellulose decomposition mechanisms and suggest that M. thermophila could be made usable as an industrial production host for cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthi Karnaouri
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens Athens, Greece ; Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology Luleå, Sweden
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Synthesis and Development of Industrial Processes, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens Athens, Greece
| | - Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology Luleå, Sweden
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Simple Method for Refining Arabinan Polysaccharides by Alcohol Extraction of the Prune,Prunus domesticaL. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 77:2137-9. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.130392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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17
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A novel GH43 α-l-arabinofuranosidase of Penicillium chrysogenum that preferentially degrades single-substituted arabinosyl side chains in arabinan. Enzyme Microb Technol 2014; 58-59:80-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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McVey CE, Ferreira MJ, Correia B, Lahiri S, de Sanctis D, Carrondo MA, Lindley PF, de Sá Nogueira I, Soares CM, Bento I. The importance of the Abn2 calcium cluster in the endo-1,5-arabinanase activity from Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:505-13. [PMID: 24549757 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1105-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Maehara T, Fujimoto Z, Ichinose H, Michikawa M, Harazono K, Kaneko S. Crystal structure and characterization of the glycoside hydrolase family 62 α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Streptomyces coelicolor. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:7962-72. [PMID: 24482228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.540542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-L-arabinofuranosidase, which belongs to the glycoside hydrolase family 62 (GH62), hydrolyzes arabinoxylan but not arabinan or arabinogalactan. The crystal structures of several α-L-arabinofuranosidases have been determined, although the structures, catalytic mechanisms, and substrate specificities of GH62 enzymes remain unclear. To evaluate the substrate specificity of a GH62 enzyme, we determined the crystal structure of α-L-arabinofuranosidase, which comprises a carbohydrate-binding module family 13 domain at its N terminus and a catalytic domain at its C terminus, from Streptomyces coelicolor. The catalytic domain was a five-bladed β-propeller consisting of five radially oriented anti-parallel β-sheets. Sugar complex structures with l-arabinose, xylotriose, and xylohexaose revealed five subsites in the catalytic cleft and an l-arabinose-binding pocket at the bottom of the cleft. The entire structure of this GH62 family enzyme was very similar to that of glycoside hydrolase 43 family enzymes, and the catalytically important acidic residues found in family 43 enzymes were conserved in GH62. Mutagenesis studies revealed that Asp(202) and Glu(361) were catalytic residues, and Trp(270), Tyr(461), and Asn(462) were involved in the substrate-binding site for discriminating the substrate structures. In particular, hydrogen bonding between Asn(462) and xylose at the nonreducing end subsite +2 was important for the higher activity of substituted arabinofuranosyl residues than that for terminal arabinofuranoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Maehara
- From the Food Biotechnology Division, National Food Research Institute, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642
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20
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De La Mare M, Guais O, Bonnin E, Weber J, Francois JM. Molecular and biochemical characterization of three GH62 α-l-arabinofuranosidases from the soil deuteromycete Penicillium funiculosum. Enzyme Microb Technol 2013; 53:351-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Yu XH, Gu ZX. Direct production of feruloyl oligosaccharides and hemicellulase inducement and distribution in a newly isolated Aureobasidium pullulans strain. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 30:747-55. [PMID: 24078110 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1503-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies were carried out to screen and identify strains that are able to directly produce ferulic oligosaccharides (FOs) from wheat bran (WB). The inducement and distribution of hemicellulases from strain 2012, which was identified as a non-melanin secreting strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (A. pullulans), were also determined. In a 60 g/L WB solution, A. pullulans could produce 545 nmol/L FOs, 64.12 IU/mL xylanase and 0.14 IU/mL ferulic acid esterase (FAE). A. pullulans was cultivated in media with WB, glucose, xylose, sucrose, lactose or xylan as the carbon source, and hemicellulases were mainly induced by xylan and WB and inhibited by glucose and sucrose. Xylanase and FAE were mainly present in the culture filtrate, xylosidase in the hyphal filaments and arabinofuranosidase was a membrane-bound enzyme. The yield of FOs was positively correlated to the hemicellulases activity, and significantly positively (P < 0.05) correlated to the xylanase activity (r = 0.992).
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22
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Cell Wall Pectic Arabinans Influence the Mechanical Properties of Arabidopsis thaliana Inflorescence Stems and Their Response to Mechanical Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 54:1278-88. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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23
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Distinct actions by Paenibacillus sp. strain E18 α-L-arabinofuranosidases and xylanase in xylan degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:1990-5. [PMID: 23335774 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03276-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We cloned a Paenibacillus sp. strain E18 5.3-kb xylanolytic gene cluster that contains three open reading frames encoding two family 43 α-L-arabinofuranosidases (Abf43A and Abf43B) and one family 10 xylanase (XynBE18). The deduced amino acid sequences of Abf43A and Abf43B were at most 68% and 63% identical to those of two putative family 43 proteins from Clostridium sp. strain DL-VIII (EHI98634.1 and EHI98635.1), respectively, but were only 11% identical to each other. Recombinant Abf43A and Abf43B had similar activities at 45°C and pH 6.0 but varied in thermostabilities and substrate specificities. Abf43B was active against only 4-nitrophenyl α-L-arabinofuranoside, whereas Abf43A acted on 4-nitrophenyl α-L-arabinofuranoside, wheat arabinoxylan, 4-nitrophenyl α-D-xylopyranoside, and sugar beet arabinan. The sequential and combined effects on xylan degradation by XynBE18, Abf43A, and Abf43B were characterized. For beechwood, birchwood, and oat spelt xylans as the substrates, synergistic effects were found when XynBE18 and Abf43A or Abf43B were incubated together and when the substrates were first incubated with Abf43A or Abf43B and then with XynBE18. Further high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the amounts of xylobiose and xylose increased sharply in the aforementioned reactions. For water-soluble wheat arabinoxylan as the substrate, Abf43A not only released arabinose but also had a synergistic effect with XynBE18. Synergy may arise as the result of removal of arabinose residues from xylans by α-L-arabinofuranosidases, which eliminates steric hindrance caused by the arabinose side chains and which allows xylanases to then degrade the xylan backbone, producing short xylooligosaccharides.
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24
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Sakamoto T, Inui M, Yasui K, Hosokawa S, Ihara H. Substrate specificity and gene expression of two Penicillium chrysogenum α-l-arabinofuranosidases (AFQ1 and AFS1) belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 51 and 54. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 97:1121-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3978-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Ravanal MC, Rosa L, Eyzaguirre J. Α-L-arabinofuranosidase 3 from Penicillium purpurogenum (ABF3): potential application in the enhancement of wine flavour and heterologous expression of the enzyme. Food Chem 2012; 134:888-93. [PMID: 23107704 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An α-l-arabinofuranosidase (ABF3) from Penicillium purpurogenum was purified and its possible biotechnological application in the enhancement of wine flavour combined with P. purpurogenum β-glucosidase was studied. A must from Muscat of Alexandria was used to isolate the glycosides. The total monosaccharide (glucose, arabinose and xylose) levels in the glycosides were determined after acid hydrolysis, and were compared with the result of enzymatic hydrolysis. These results were analogous to those obtained in similar experiments using a commercial preparation, thus suggesting that the enzyme from P. purpurogenum may prove useful in this particular application. This prompted us to express the enzyme heterologously. The abf3 gene was thus expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant enzyme was purified and it shows the same properties of the native ABF3 (substrate specificity, kinetic constants, pH and temperature optima and antibody cross-reactivity).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Ravanal
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 217, Santiago, Chile
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26
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Abstract
Conversion of plant cell walls to ethanol constitutes second generation bioethanol production. The process consists of several steps: biomass selection/genetic modification, physiochemical pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, fermentation and separation. Ultimately, it is desirable to combine as many of the biochemical steps as possible in a single organism to achieve CBP (consolidated bioprocessing). A commercially ready CBP organism is currently unreported. Production of second generation bioethanol is hindered by economics, particularly in the cost of pretreatment (including waste management and solvent recovery), the cost of saccharification enzymes (particularly exocellulases and endocellulases displaying kcat ~1 s−1 on crystalline cellulose), and the inefficiency of co-fermentation of 5- and 6-carbon monosaccharides (owing in part to redox cofactor imbalances in Saccharomyces cerevisiae).
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27
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Seiboth B, Metz B. Fungal arabinan and L-arabinose metabolism. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 89:1665-73. [PMID: 21212945 PMCID: PMC3044236 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-3071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
l-Arabinose is the second most abundant pentose beside d-xylose and is found in the plant polysaccharides, hemicellulose and pectin. The need to find renewable carbon and energy sources has accelerated research to investigate the potential of l-arabinose for the development and production of biofuels and other bioproducts. Fungi produce a number of extracellular arabinanases, including α-l-arabinofuranosidases and endo-arabinanases, to specifically release l-arabinose from the plant polymers. Following uptake of l-arabinose, its intracellular catabolism follows a four-step alternating reduction and oxidation path, which is concluded by a phosphorylation, resulting in d-xylulose 5-phosphate, an intermediate of the pentose phosphate pathway. The genes and encoding enzymes l-arabinose reductase, l-arabinitol dehydrogenase, l-xylulose reductase, xylitol dehydrogenase, and xylulokinase of this pathway were mainly characterized in the two biotechnological important fungi Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei. Analysis of the components of the l-arabinose pathway revealed a number of specific adaptations in the enzymatic and regulatory machinery towards the utilization of l-arabinose. Further genetic and biochemical analysis provided evidence that l-arabinose and the interconnected d-xylose pathway are also involved in the oxidoreductive degradation of the hexose d-galactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Seiboth
- Research Area Gene Technology and Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Vienna University of Technology, Wien, Austria.
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28
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Identification of a GH62 α-l-arabinofuranosidase specific for arabinoxylan produced by Penicillium chrysogenum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 90:137-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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de Sanctis D, Inácio JM, Lindley PF, de Sá-Nogueira I, Bento I. New evidence for the role of calcium in the glycosidase reaction of GH43 arabinanases. FEBS J 2010; 277:4562-74. [PMID: 20883454 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07870.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanases are glycosyl hydrolases that are able to cleave the glycosidic bonds of α-1,5-L-arabinan, releasing arabino-oligosaccharides and L-arabinose. Two extracellular endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanases have been isolated from Bacillus subtilis, BsArb43A and BsArb43B (formally named AbnA and Abn2, respectively). BsArb43B shows low sequence identity with previously characterized 1,5-α-L-arabinanases and is a much larger enzyme. Here we describe the 3D structure of native BsArb43B, biochemical and structure characterization of two BsArb43B mutant proteins (H318A and D171A), and the 3D structure of the BsArb43B D171A mutant enzyme in complex with arabinohexose. The 3D structure of BsArb43B is different from that of other structurally characterized endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanases, as it comprises two domains, an N-terminal catalytic domain, with a 3D fold similar to that observed for other endo-1,5-α-L-arabinanases, and an additional C-terminal domain. Moreover, this work also provides experimental evidence for the presence of a cluster containing a calcium ion in the catalytic domain, and the importance of this calcium ion in the enzymatic mechanism of BsArb43B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele de Sanctis
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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30
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Seo ES, Lim YR, Kim YS, Park CS, Oh DK. Characterization of a recombinant endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase from the isolated bacterium Bacillus licheniformis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3138-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Ravanal MC, Callegari E, Eyzaguirre J. Novel bifunctional alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase/xylobiohydrolase (ABF3) from Penicillium purpurogenum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:5247-53. [PMID: 20562284 PMCID: PMC2916492 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00214-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The soft rot fungus Penicillium purpurogenum grows on a variety of natural substrates and secretes various isoforms of xylanolytic enzymes, including three arabinofuranosidases. This work describes the biochemical properties as well as the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of arabinofuranosidase 3 (ABF3). This enzyme has been purified to homogeneity. It is a glycosylated monomer with a molecular weight of 50,700 and can bind cellulose. The enzyme is active with p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside and p-nitrophenyl beta-D-xylopyranoside with a K(m) of 0.65 mM and 12 mM, respectively. The enzyme is active on xylooligosaccharides, yielding products of shorter length, including xylose. However, it does not hydrolyze arabinooligosaccharides. When assayed with polymeric substrates, little arabinose is liberated from arabinan and debranched arabinan; however, it hydrolyzes arabinose and releases xylooligosaccharides from arabinoxylan. Sequencing both ABF3 cDNA and genomic DNA reveals that this gene does not contain introns and that the open reading frame is 1,380 nucleotides in length. The deduced mature protein is composed of 433 amino acids residues and has a calculated molecular weight of 47,305. The deduced amino acid sequence has been validated by mass spectrometry analysis of peptides from purified ABF3. A total of 482 bp of the promoter were sequenced; putative binding sites for transcription factors such as CreA (four), XlnR (one), and AreA (three) and two CCAAT boxes were found. The enzyme has two domains, one similar to proteins of glycosyl hydrolase family 43 at the amino-terminal end and a family 6 carbohydrate binding module at the carboxyl end. ABF3 is the first described modular family 43 enzyme from a fungal source, having both alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase and xylobiohydrolase functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cristina Ravanal
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile, BRIN-USDSSOM Proteomics Facility, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Eduardo Callegari
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile, BRIN-USDSSOM Proteomics Facility, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
| | - Jaime Eyzaguirre
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile, BRIN-USDSSOM Proteomics Facility, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota
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32
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Guais O, Tourrasse O, Dourdoigne M, Parrou JL, Francois JM. Characterization of the family GH54 α-l-arabinofuranosidases in Penicillium funiculosum, including a novel protein bearing a cellulose-binding domain. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 87:1007-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/26/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sakamoto T, Tsujitani Y, Fukamachi K, Taniguchi Y, Ihara H. Identification of two GH27 bifunctional proteins with β-L-arabinopyranosidase/α-D-galactopyranosidase activities from Fusarium oxysporum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 86:1115-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/04/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Verhertbruggen Y, Marcus SE, Haeger A, Verhoef R, Schols HA, McCleary BV, McKee L, Gilbert HJ, Knox JP. Developmental complexity of arabinan polysaccharides and their processing in plant cell walls. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2009; 59:413-25. [PMID: 19392693 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2009.03876.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell walls are constructed from a diversity of polysaccharide components. Molecular probes directed to structural elements of these polymers are required to assay polysaccharide structures in situ, and to determine polymer roles in the context of cell wall biology. Here, we report on the isolation and the characterization of three rat monoclonal antibodies that are directed to 1,5-linked arabinans and related polymers. LM13, LM16 and LM17, together with LM6, constitute a set of antibodies that can detect differing aspects of arabinan structures within cell walls. Each of these antibodies binds strongly to isolated sugar beet arabinan samples in ELISAs. Competitive-inhibition ELISAs indicate the antibodies bind differentially to arabinans with the binding of LM6 and LM17 being effectively inhibited by short oligoarabinosides. LM13 binds preferentially to longer oligoarabinosides, and its binding is highly sensitive to arabinanase action, indicating the recognition of a longer linearized arabinan epitope. In contrast, the binding of LM16 to branched arabinan and to cell walls is increased by arabinofuranosidase action. The presence of all epitopes can be differentially modulated in vitro using glycoside hydrolase family 43 and family 51 arabinofuranosidases. In addition, the LM16 epitope is sensitive to the action of beta-galactosidase. Immunofluorescence microscopy indicates that the antibodies can be used to detect epitopes in cell walls, and that the four antibodies reveal complex patterns of epitope occurrence that vary between organs and species, and relate both to the probable processing of arabinan structural elements and the differing mechanical properties of cell walls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Verhertbruggen
- Centre for Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
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35
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Hong MR, Park CS, Oh DK. Characterization of a thermostable endo-1,5-α-l-arabinanase from Caldicellulorsiruptor saccharolyticus. Biotechnol Lett 2009; 31:1439-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-009-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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Inácio JM, Correia IL, de Sá-Nogueira I. Two distinct arabinofuranosidases contribute to arabino-oligosaccharide degradation in Bacillus subtilis. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2008; 154:2719-2729. [PMID: 18757805 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.2008/018978-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis produces alpha-l-arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55; AFs) capable of releasing arabinosyl oligomers and l-arabinose from plant cell walls. Here, we show by insertion-deletion mutational analysis that genes abfA and xsa(asd), herein renamed abf2, encode AFs responsible for the majority of the intracellular AF activity in B. subtilis. Both enzyme activities were shown to be cytosolic and functional studies indicated that arabino-oligomers are natural substrates for the AFs. The products of the two genes were overproduced in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized. The molecular mass of the purified AbfA and Abf2 was about 58 kDa and 57 kDa, respectively. However, native PAGE gradient gel analysis and cross-linking assays detected higher-order structures (>250 kDa), suggesting a multimeric organization of both enzymes. Kinetic experiments at 37 degrees C, with p-nitrophenyl-alpha-l-arabinofuranoside as substrate, gave an apparent K(m) of 0.498 mM and 0.421 mM, and V(max) of 317 U mg(-1) and 311 U mg(-1) for AbfA and Abf2, respectively. The two enzymes displayed maximum activity at 50 degrees C and 60 degrees C, respectively, and both proteins were most active at pH 8.0. AbfA and Abf2 both belong to family 51 of the glycoside hydrolases but have different substrate specificity. AbfA acts preferentially on (1-->5) linkages of linear alpha-1,5-l-arabinan and alpha-1,5-linked arabino-oligomers, and is much less effective on branched sugar beet arabinan and arabinoxylan and arabinogalactan. In contrast, Abf2 is most active on (1-->2) and (1-->3) linkages of branched arabinan and arabinoxylan, suggesting a concerted contribution of these enzymes to optimal utilization of arabinose-containing polysaccharides by B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Inácio
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Apt 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel Lopes Correia
- Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Apt 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Isabel de Sá-Nogueira
- Departamento de CiÁncias da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Quinta da Torre, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.,Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Apt 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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Fritz M, Ravanal MC, Braet C, eyzaguirre J. A family 51 α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Penicillium purpurogenum: purification, properties and amino acid sequence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 112:933-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycres.2008.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Cloning and characterization of a novel exo-α-1,5-L-arabinanase gene and the enzyme. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 79:941-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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40
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Rémond C, Boukari I, Chambat G, O’Donohue M. Action of a GH 51 α-l-arabinofuranosidase on wheat-derived arabinoxylans and arabino-xylooligosaccharides. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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41
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Characterization of abn2 (yxiA), encoding a Bacillus subtilis GH43 arabinanase, Abn2, and its role in arabino-polysaccharide degradation. J Bacteriol 2008; 190:4272-80. [PMID: 18408032 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00162-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular depolymerization of arabinopolysaccharides by microorganisms is accomplished by arabinanases, xylanases, and galactanases. Here, we characterize a novel endo-alpha-1,5-l-arabinanase (EC 3.2.1.99) from Bacillus subtilis, encoded by the yxiA gene (herein renamed abn2) that contributes to arabinan degradation. Functional studies by mutational analysis showed that Abn2, together with previously characterized AbnA, is responsible for the majority of the extracellular arabinan activity in B. subtilis. Abn2 was overproduced in Escherichia coli, purified from the periplasmic fraction, and characterized with respect to substrate specificity and biochemical and physical properties. With linear-alpha-1,5-l-arabinan as the preferred substrate, the enzyme exhibited an apparent K(m) of 2.0 mg ml(-1) and V(max) of 0.25 mmol min(-1) mg(-1) at pH 7.0 and 50 degrees C. RNA studies revealed the monocistronic nature of abn2. Two potential transcriptional start sites were identified by primer extension analysis, and both a sigma(A)-dependent and a sigma(H)-dependent promoter were located. Transcriptional fusion studies revealed that the expression of abn2 is stimulated by arabinan and pectin and repressed by glucose; however, arabinose is not the natural inducer. Additionally, trans-acting factors and cis elements involved in transcription were investigated. Abn2 displayed a control mechanism at a level of gene expression different from that observed with AbnA. These distinct regulatory mechanisms exhibited by two members of extracellular glycoside hydrolase family 43 (GH43) suggest an adaptative strategy of B. subtilis for optimal degradation of arabinopolysaccharides.
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42
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Tateishi A. β-Galactosidase and α-L-Arabinofuranosidase in Cell Wall Modification Related with Fruit Development and Softening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2503/jjshs1.77.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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43
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Inácio JM, de Sá-Nogueira I. trans-Acting factors and cis elements involved in glucose repression of arabinan degradation in Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2007; 189:8371-6. [PMID: 17827291 PMCID: PMC2168706 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01217-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Bacillus subtilis, the synthesis of enzymes involved in the degradation of arabinose-containing polysaccharides is subject to carbon catabolite repression (CCR). Here we show that CcpA is the major regulator of repression of the arabinases genes in the presence of glucose. CcpA acts via binding to one cre each in the promoter regions of the abnA and xsa genes and to two cres in the araABDLMNPQ-abfA operon. The contributions of the coeffectors HPr and Crh to CCR differ according to growth phase. HPr dependency occurs during both exponential growth and the transitional phase, while Crh dependency is detected mainly at the transitional phase. Our results suggest that Crh synthesis may increase at the end of exponential growth and consequently contribute to this effect, together with other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Inácio
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida da República, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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Bourgois TM, Van Craeyveld V, Van Campenhout S, Courtin CM, Delcour JA, Robben J, Volckaert G. Recombinant expression and characterization of XynD from Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis ATCC 6051: a GH 43 arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 75:1309-17. [PMID: 17426966 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-0956-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of Bacillus subtilis reveals that sequences encoding several hemicellulases are co-localised with a gene (xynD) encoding a putative family 43 glycoside hydrolase that has not yet been characterised. In this work, xynD has been isolated from genomic DNA of B. subtilis subsp. subtilis ATCC 6051 and cloned for cytoplasmatic expression in Escherichia coli. Recombinant XynD (rXynD) was purified using ion-exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography. The enzyme had a molecular mass of approximately 52 kDa, a pI above 9.0 and releases alpha-L-arabinose from arabinoxylo-oligosaccharides as well as arabinoxylan polymers with varying degree of substitution. Using para-nitrophenyl-alpha-L-arabinofuranoside as substrate, maximum activity was observed at pH 5.6 and 45 degrees C. The enzyme retained its activity over a large pH range, while activity was lost after pre-incubation above 50 degrees C. Gas-liquid chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry analysis indicated that rXynD specifically releases arabinofuranosyl groups from mono-substituted C-(O)-2 and C-(O)-3 xylopyranosyl residues on the xylan backbone. As rXynD did not display endoxylanase, xylosidase or arabinanase activity and was inactive on arabinan, we conclude that this enzyme is best described as an arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine M Bourgois
- Laboratory of Gene Technology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 21, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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Wagschal K, Franqui-Espiet D, Lee CC, Kibblewhite-Accinelli RE, Robertson GH, Wong DW. Genetic and biochemical characterization of an α-l-arabinofuranosidase isolated from a compost starter mixture. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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46
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Koseki T, Miwa Y, Mese Y, Miyanaga A, Fushinobu S, Wakagi T, Shoun H, Matsuzawa H, Hashizume K. Mutational analysis of N-glycosylation recognition sites on the biochemical properties of Aspergillus kawachii alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase 54. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2006; 1760:1458-64. [PMID: 16784813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2006.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2005] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/14/2006] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A role for N-linked oligosaccharides on the biochemical properties of recombinant alpha-l-arabinofuranosidase 54 (AkAbf54) defined in glycoside hydrolase family 54 from Aspergillus kawachii expressed in Pichia pastoris was analyzed by site-directed mutagenesis. Two N-linked glycosylation motifs (Asn(83)-Thr-Thr and Asn(202)-Ser-Thr) were found in the AkAbf54 sequence. AkAbf54 comprises two domains, a catalytic domain and an arabinose-binding domain classified as carbohydrate-binding module 42. Two N-linked glycosylation sites are located in the catalytic domain. Asn(83), Asn(202), and the two residues together were replaced with glutamine by site-directed mutagenesis. The biochemical properties and kinetic parameters of the wild-type and mutant enzymes expressed in P. pastoris were examined. The N83Q mutant enzyme had the same catalytic activity and thermostability as the wild-type enzyme. On the other hand, the N202Q and N83Q/N202Q mutant enzymes exhibited a considerable decrease in thermostability compared to the glycosylated wild-type enzyme. The N202Q and N83Q/N202Q mutant enzymes also had slightly less specific activity towards arabinan and debranched arabinan. However, no significant effect on the affinity of the mutant enzymes for the ligands arabinan, debranched arabinan, and wheat and rye arabinoxylans was detected by affinity gel electrophoresis. These observations suggest that the glycosylation at Asn(202) may contribute to thermostability and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Koseki
- National Research Institute of Brewing, 3-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-0046, Japan.
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47
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Chávez R, Bull P, Eyzaguirre J. The xylanolytic enzyme system from the genus Penicillium. J Biotechnol 2006; 123:413-33. [PMID: 16569456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2005] [Revised: 12/06/2005] [Accepted: 12/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In nature, there are numerous microorganisms that efficiently degrade xylan, a major component of lignocellulose. In particular, filamentous fungi have demonstrated a great capability for secreting a wide range of xylanases, being the genus Aspergillus and Trichoderma the most extensively studied and reviewed among the xylan-producing fungi. However, an important amount of information about the production and genetics of xylanases from fungi of the genus Penicillium has accumulated in recent years. A great number of Penicillia are active producers of xylanolytic enzymes, and the use of xylanases from these species has acquired growing importance in biotechnological applications. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the properties, genetics, expression and biotechnological potential of xylanases from the genus Penicillium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Chávez
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), CRI-Carillanca, Temuco, Chile
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48
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Numan MT, Bhosle NB. Alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases: the potential applications in biotechnology. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 33:247-60. [PMID: 16385399 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-005-0072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 12/13/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recently, alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases (EC3.2.1.55) have received increased attention primarily due to their role in the degradation of lignocelluloses as well as their positive effect on the activity of other enzymes acting on lignocelluloses. As a result, these enzymes are used in many biotechnological applications including wine industry, clarification of fruit juices, digestion enhancement of animal feedstuffs and as a natural improver for bread. Moreover, these enzymes could be used to improve existing technologies and to develop new technologies. The production, mechanisms of action, classification, synergistic role, biochemical properties, substrate specificities, molecular biology and biotechnological applications of these enzymes have been reviewed in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mondher Th Numan
- National Institute Of Oceanography, 403004 Dona Poula, Goa, India.
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49
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Tateishi A, Mori H, Watari J, Nagashima K, Yamaki S, Inoue H. Isolation, characterization, and cloning of {alpha}-L-Arabinofuranosidase expressed during fruit ripening of Japanese pear. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2005; 138:1653-64. [PMID: 15965025 PMCID: PMC1176435 DOI: 10.1104/pp.104.056655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2004] [Revised: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
alpha-L-Arabinofuranosidase (alpha-L-arafase) was purified from fruit of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia). The enzyme solubilized from the cell wall by NaCl and Triton X-100 had the homogeneity of a single 62-kD polypeptide on SDS-PAGE after purification through the steps of hydroxyapatite, anion-exchange chromatography, and size-exclusion chromatography. A related cDNA clone was isolated (PpARF2). The transcript and related protein were detected solely in the ripening fruit corresponding to the increase of alpha-L-arafase activity. Transcripts of PpARF2 were not detected in buds, leaves, roots, or shoots of the Japanese pear. The deduced amino acid sequences of PpARF2 had low identity with those of other plants or bacteria. This alpha-L-arafase belonged to glycoside hydrolase family 3, which includes some beta-xylosidases. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed mainly p-nitrophenyl alpha-L-arabinofuranoside and also reacted bifunctionally with p-nitrophenyl beta-d-xylopyranoside. However, it released only arabinose from native cell wall polysaccharides prepared from Japanese pear and from sugar beet arabinan. The enzyme did not release xylose from arabinoxylan and xylan. The only activity of the alpha-L-arafase presented here was hydrolyzing the arabinosyl residue from native polysaccharides, whereas it showed bifunctional activity against artificial substrates. According to the expression pattern and properties of the enzyme, it is a new member of the glycoside hydrolase family 3 isolated from fruit, and it may be responsible for modification of the cell wall architecture during fruit softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Tateishi
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
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50
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Leal TF, de Sá-Nogueira I. Purification, characterization and functional analysis of an endo-arabinanase (AbnA) fromBacillus subtilis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2004; 241:41-8. [PMID: 15556708 DOI: 10.1016/j.femsle.2004.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2004] [Revised: 09/19/2004] [Accepted: 10/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis synthesizes at least one arabinanase encoded by the abnA gene that is able to degrade the polysaccharide arabinan. Here, we report the expression in Escherichia coli of the full-length abnA coding region with a His6-tag fused to the C-terminus. The recombinant protein was secreted to the periplasmic space and correctly processed by the E. coli signal peptidase. The substrate specificity of purified AbnA, the physico-chemical properties and kinetic parameters were determined. Functional analysis studies revealed Glu 215 as a key residue for AbnA hydrolytic activity and indicated that in addition to AbnA B. subtilis secretes other enzyme(s) able to degrade linear 1,5-alpha-l-arabinan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Fontes Leal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Avenida de República, Apartado 127, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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