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Maulina T, Purnomo YY, Khamila N, Garna D, Sjamsudin E, Cahyanto A. Analgesic Potential Comparison Between Piperine-Combined Curcumin Patch and Non-Piperine Curcumin Patch: A Pragmatic Trial on Post-Cleft Lip/Palate Surgery Pediatric Patients. J Pain Res 2024; 17:1903-1915. [PMID: 38812820 PMCID: PMC11135569 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s463159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Despite its well-acknowledged analgesic potential, curcumin's low bioavailability has been recognized. Piperine, a substance naturally contained in pepper, has been known for its effect on increasing curcumin bioavailability. To investigate the analgesic potential of curcumin and piperine addition to curcumin patch used as adjuvant therapy in the management of acute postoperative orofacial pain. Patients and Methods This pragmatic trial recruited 75 patients that underwent oromaxillofacial surgery at Unpad Dental Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. Research participants were randomly assigned to three different groups: the first group that did not receive any intervention other than the post-operative standard treatment (POST), the second group that received POST and non-piperine curcumin patch, and the third group that received POST and piperine-combined curcumin patch. Participants' pain intensity was evaluated by using the face, leg, activity, cry, and consolability (FLACC) pain scale and salivary prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) level for two-time points, which were eight hours apart. All data were gathered and analyzed to compare the within and between-group differences. Results Within groups comparison of the FLACC scores for two evaluation points showed significant differences for all groups (p < 0.01). For salivary PGE2 analysis, a comparison of the non-piperine group to the piperine group also showed significant results. Yet, when all three groups were compared, regardless of the differences, the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion Despite of the proven efficacy of curcumin patch, the addition of piperine to the curcumin patch in the current study did not provide any significant effects. Further investigation is of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantry Maulina
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
- Dentistry Department, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nadya Khamila
- Oral Surgery and Maxillofacial Specialist Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Devy Garna
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Endang Sjamsudin
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Arief Cahyanto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Wang F, Zhang J, Niu G, Weng J, Zhang Q, Xie M, Li C, Sun K. Apigenin inhibits isoproterenol‐induced myocardial fibrosis and Smad pathway in mice by regulating oxidative stress and miR‐122‐5p/155‐5p expressions. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1003-1015. [PMID: 35277868 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Apium graveolens, is an effective natural active ingredient that inhibits transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) differentiation and collagen synthesis. However, its effects on isoproterenol-induced myocardial fibrosis in mice remain unknown. This study aimed to examine the effect of apigenin in the prevention of myocardial fibrosis. A mouse model of myocardial fibrosis induced by isoproterenol was established, and the mice were given apigenin 75-300 mg/kg orally for 40 days. The results showed that the heart weight coefficient, myocardial hydroxyproline, collagen accumulation, and malondialdehyde levels in the apigenin-treated groups were significantly reduced. In contrast, the activity of myocardial superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly enhanced. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assays showed that apigenin could significantly upregulate the expressions of myocardial microRNA-122-5p (miR-122-5p), c-Ski, and Smad7 and downregulate the expressions of myocardial miR-155-5p, α-smooth muscle actin, collagen I/III, NF-κB, TGF-β1, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), Smad2/3, and p-Smad2/3. In vitro, the differentiation and extracellular matrix production, as well as TGF-β1/Smads axis, were further reduced after treatment of miR-122-5p mimic or miR-155-5p inhibitor-transfected and TGF-β1-stimulated CFs with apigenin. These results suggested that apigenin increased the expression of miR-122-5p and decreased the expression of miR-155-5p, which subsequently downregulated and upregulated the target genes HIF-1α and c-Ski, respectively. Furthermore, apigenin administration downregulated TGF-β1-induced Smad2/3 and upregulated Smad7. In addition, it reduced the NF-κB/TGF-β1 signaling pathway axis by increasing antioxidant ability to exert the antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghao Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiayi Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meilin Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunjian Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kangyun Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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