1
|
Engman C, Garciafigueroa Y, Phillips BE, Trucco M, Giannoukakis N. Co-Stimulation-Impaired Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells Prevent Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:894. [PMID: 29774025 PMCID: PMC5943510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are important in the onset and severity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Tolerogenic DC induce T-cells to become therapeutic Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells (Tregs). We therefore asked if experimental IBD could be prevented by administration of bone marrow-derived DC generated under conventional GM-CSF/IL-4 conditions but in the presence of a mixture of antisense DNA oligonucleotides targeting the primary transcripts of CD40, CD80, and CD86. These cell products (which we call AS-ODN BM-DC) have demonstrated tolerogenic activity in preventing type 1 diabetes and preserving beta cell mass in new-onset type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse strain, in earlier studies. In addition to measuring efficacy in prevention of experimental IBD, we also sought to identify possible mechanism(s) of action. Weight, behavior, stool frequency, and character were observed daily for 7–10 days in experimental colitis in mice exposed to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) following injection of the AS-ODN BM-DC. After euthanasia, the colons were processed for histology while spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were made into single cells to measure Foxp3+ Treg as well as IL-10+ regulatory B-cell (Breg) population frequency by flow cytometry. AS-ODN BM-DC prevented DSS-induced colitis development. Recipients of these cells exhibited significant increases in Foxp3+ Treg and IL-10+ Breg in MLN and spleen. Histological examination of colon sections of colitis-free mice remained largely architecturally physiologic and mostly free of leukocyte infiltration when compared with DSS-treated animals. Although DSS colitis is mainly an innate immunity-driven condition, our study adds to the growing body of evidence showing that Foxp3+ Treg and IL-10 Bregs can suppress a mainly innate-driven inflammation. The already-established safety of human DC generated from monocytic progenitors in the presence of the mixture of antisense DNA targeting the primary transcripts of CD40, CD80, and CD86 in humans offers the potential to adapt them for clinical IBD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Engman
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yesica Garciafigueroa
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Brett Eugene Phillips
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo Trucco
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Nick Giannoukakis
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alpaerts K, Buckinx R, Adriaensen D, Van Nassauw L, Timmermans JP. Identification and Putative Roles of Distinct Subtypes of Intestinal Dendritic Cells in Neuroimmune Communication: What can be Learned from Other Organ Systems? Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2015; 298:903-16. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.23106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Alpaerts
- Laboratory of Cell biology and Histology; Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Roeland Buckinx
- Laboratory of Cell biology and Histology; Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Dirk Adriaensen
- Laboratory of Cell biology and Histology; Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Luc Van Nassauw
- Laboratory of Human Anatomy and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Timmermans
- Laboratory of Cell biology and Histology; Department of Veterinary Sciences; University of Antwerp; Antwerp Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Guarding the perimeter: protection of the mucosa by tissue-resident memory T cells. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:14-23. [PMID: 23131785 PMCID: PMC4034055 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2012.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal tissues are continually bombarded with infectious agents seeking to gain entry into the body. The absence of a tough physical exterior layer surrounding these tissues creates a unique challenge for the immune system, which manages to provide broad protection against a plethora of different organisms with the aid of special adaptations that augment immunity at these vulnerable sites. For example, specialized populations of memory T lymphocytes reside at initial sites of pathogen entry into the body, where they provide an important protective barrier. Similar anatomically-confined populations of pathogen-specific CD8 T cells can be found near the outer margins of the body following recovery from a variety of local infections, where they share very similar phenotypic characteristics. How these tissue-resident T cells are retained in a single anatomic location where they can promote immunity is beginning to be defined. Here, we will review current knowledge of the mechanisms that help establish and maintain these regional lymphocytes in the mucosal tissues and discuss relevant data that enhance our understanding of the contribution of these lymphocyte populations to protective immunity against infectious diseases.
Collapse
|
4
|
Yang W, Bhandaru M, Pasham V, Bobbala D, Zelenak C, Jilani K, Rotte A, Lang F. Effect of Thymoquinone on Cytosolic pH and Na +/H + Exchanger Activity in Mouse Dendritic Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2012; 29:21-30. [DOI: 10.1159/000337583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
|
5
|
Chladkova B, Kamanova J, Palova-Jelinkova L, Cinova J, Sebo P, Tuckova L. Gliadin fragments promote migration of dendritic cells. J Cell Mol Med 2011; 15:938-48. [PMID: 20406323 PMCID: PMC3922678 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2010.01066.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In genetically predisposed individuals, ingestion of wheat gliadin provokes a T-cell-mediated enteropathy, celiac disease. Gliadin fragments were previously reported to induce phenotypic maturation and Th1 cytokine production by human dendritic cells (DCs) and to boost their capacity to stimulate allogeneic T cells. Here, we monitor the effects of gliadin on migratory capacities of DCs. Using transwell assays, we show that gliadin peptic digest stimulates migration of human DCs and their chemotactic responsiveness to the lymph node-homing chemokines CCL19 and CCL21. The gliadin-induced migration is accompanied by extensive alterations of the cytoskeletal organization, with dissolution of adhesion structures, podosomes, as well as up-regulation of the CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 7 on cell surface and induction of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 enzyme that mediates prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production. Blocking experiments confirmed that gliadin-induced migration is independent of the TLR4 signalling. Moreover, we showed that the α-gliadin-derived 31–43 peptide is an active migration-inducing component of the digest. The migration promoted by gliadin fragments or the 31–43 peptide required activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). As revealed using p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580, this was responsible for DC cytoskeletal transition, CCR7 up-regulation and PGE2 production in particular. Taken together, this study provides a new insight into pathogenic features of gliadin fragments by demonstrating their ability to promote DC migration, which is a prerequisite for efficient priming of naive T cells, contributing to celiac disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chladkova
- Laboratory of Specific Cellular Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xuan NT, Shumilina E, Schmid E, Bhavsar SK, Rexhepaj R, Götz F, Gulbins E, Lang F. Role of acidic sphingomyelinase in thymol-mediated dendritic cell death. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 54:1833-41. [PMID: 20603831 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Thymol is a component of several plants with antimicrobial activity. Little is known about the effects of thymol on immune cells of the host. This study addressed the effects of thymol on dendritic cells (DCs), regulators of innate and adaptive immunity. METHODS AND RESULTS Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis were performed in bone marrow-derived DCs either from wild-type mice or from mice lacking acid sphingomyelinase (ASM⁻/⁻) treated and untreated for 24 h with thymol (2-100 μg/mL). Thymol treatment resulted in activation of ASM, stimulation of ceramide formation, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins, activation of caspase 3 and caspase 8, DNA fragmentation as well as cell membrane scrambling. The effects were dependent on the presence of ASM and were lacking in ASM⁻/⁻ mice or in wild-type DCs treated with sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline. CONCLUSION Thymol triggers suicidal DC death, an effect mediated by and requiring activation of ASM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Xuan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fitch PM, Henderson P, Schwarze J. Respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelial modulation of the immune response during viral infection. Innate Immun 2011; 18:179-89. [PMID: 21239454 DOI: 10.1177/1753425910391826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory and enteric viral infections cause significant morbidity and mortality world-wide and represent a major socio-economic burden. Many of these viruses have received unprecedented public and media interest in recent years. A popular public misconception is that viruses are a threat to which the human body has only limited defences. However, the majority of primary and secondary exposures to virus are asymptomatic or induce only minor symptoms. The mucosal epithelial surfaces are the main portal of entry for viral pathogens and are centrally involved in the initiation, maintenance and polarisation of the innate and adaptive immune response to infection. This review describes the defences employed by the epithelium of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts during viral infections with focus on epithelial modulation of the immune response at the innate/adaptive interface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Fitch
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jürgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Child Life and Health, University of Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xuan NT, Shumilina E, Gulbins E, Gu S, Götz F, Lang F. Triggering of dendritic cell apoptosis by xanthohumol. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54 Suppl 2:S214-24. [PMID: 20333722 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200900324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol, a flavonoid from beer with anticancer activity is known to trigger apoptosis in a variety of tumor cells. Xanthohumol further has anti-inflammatory activity. However, little is known about the effect of xanthohumol on survival and function of immune cells. The present study thus addressed the effect of xanthohumol on dendritic cells (DCs), key players in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. To this end, mouse bone marrow-derived DCs were treated with xanthohumol with subsequent assessment of enzymatic activity of acid sphingomyelinase (Asm), ceramide formation determined with anti-ceramide antibodies in FACS and immunohistochemical analysis, caspase activity utilizing FITC conjugated anti-active caspase 8 or caspase 3 antibodies in FACS and by Western blotting, DNA fragmentation by determining the percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase and cell membrane scrambling by annexin V binding in FACS analysis. As a result, xanthohumol stimulated Asm, enhanced ceramide formation, activated caspases 8 and 3, triggered DNA fragmentation and led to cell membrane scrambling, all effects virtually absent in DCs from gene targeted mice lacking functional Asm or in wild-type cells treated with sphingomyelinase inhibitor amitriptyline. In conclusion, xanthohumol stimulated Asm leading to caspase activation and apoptosis of bone marrow-derived DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Xuan
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ng SC, Kamm MA, Stagg AJ, Knight SC. Intestinal dendritic cells: their role in bacterial recognition, lymphocyte homing, and intestinal inflammation. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010; 16:1787-807. [PMID: 20222140 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in discriminating between commensal microorganisms and potentially harmful pathogens and in maintaining the balance between tolerance and active immunity. The regulatory role of DC is of particular importance in the gut where the immune system lies in intimate contact with the highly antigenic external environment. Intestinal DC constantly survey the luminal microenvironment. They act as sentinels, acquiring antigens in peripheral tissues before migrating to secondary lymphoid organs to activate naive T cells. They are also sensors, responding to a spectrum of environmental cues by extensive differentiation or maturation. Recent studies have begun to elucidate mechanisms for functional specializations of DC in the intestine that may include the involvement of retinoic acid and transforming growth factor-β. Specialized CD103(+) intestinal DC can promote the differentiation of Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells via a retinoic acid-dependent process. Different DC outcomes are, in part, influenced by their exposure to microbial stimuli. Evidence is also emerging of the close interaction between bacteria, epithelial cells, and DC in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis. Here we review recent advances of functionally specialized intestinal DC and their mechanisms of antigen uptake and recognition. We also discuss the interaction of DC with intestinal microbiota and their ability to orchestrate protective immunity and immune tolerance in the host. Lastly, we describe how DC functions are altered in intestinal inflammation and their emerging potential as a therapeutic target in inflammatory bowel disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S C Ng
- Antigen Presentation Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Northwick Park and St Mark's Campus, Harrow, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) persists as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease and is characterized by the production of autoantibodies and immune complexes that affect multiple organs. The underlying mechanism that triggers and sustains disease are complex and involve certain susceptibility genes and environmental factors. There have been several immune mediators linked to SLE including cytokines and chemokines that have been reviewed elsewhere [ 1-3 ]. A number of articles have reviewed the role of B cells and T cells in SLE [ 4-10 ]. Here, we focus on the role of dendritic cells (DC) and innate immune factors that may regulate autoreactive B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Seitz
- Johnson County Community College, Science Division, Overland Park, Kansas, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tick-borne encephalitis virus and the immune response of the mammalian host. Travel Med Infect Dis 2010; 8:213-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2010.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
12
|
|