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Ginsburg O, Vanderpuye V, Beddoe AM, Bhoo-Pathy N, Bray F, Caduff C, Florez N, Fadhil I, Hammad N, Heidari S, Kataria I, Kumar S, Liebermann E, Moodley J, Mutebi M, Mukherji D, Nugent R, So WKW, Soto-Perez-de-Celis E, Unger-Saldaña K, Allman G, Bhimani J, Bourlon MT, Eala MAB, Hovmand PS, Kong YC, Menon S, Taylor CD, Soerjomataram I. Women, power, and cancer: a Lancet Commission. Lancet 2023; 402:2113-2166. [PMID: 37774725 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01701-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ophira Ginsburg
- Centre for Global Health, US National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Freddie Bray
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Carlo Caduff
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Narjust Florez
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Nazik Hammad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Oncology, Queens University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Shirin Heidari
- GENDRO, Geneva, Switzerland; Gender Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ishu Kataria
- Center for Global Noncommunicable Diseases, RTI International, New Delhi, India
| | - Somesh Kumar
- Jhpiego India, Johns Hopkins University Affiliate, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erica Liebermann
- University of Rhode Island College of Nursing, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer Moodley
- Cancer Research Initiative, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, and SAMRC Gynaecology Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miriam Mutebi
- Department of Surgery, Aga Khan University, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Deborah Mukherji
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Clemenceau Medical Center Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rachel Nugent
- Center for Global Noncommunicable Diseases, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Winnie K W So
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Enrique Soto-Perez-de-Celis
- Department of Geriatrics, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Gavin Allman
- Center for Global Noncommunicable Diseases, RTI International, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jenna Bhimani
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - María T Bourlon
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, National Institute of Medical Science and Nutrition Salvador Zubiran, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Michelle A B Eala
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Yek-Ching Kong
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sonia Menon
- Cochrane Hepato-Biliary Group, Copenhagen Trial Unit, Centre for Clinical Intervention Research, The Capital Region, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mallafré-Larrosa M, Ritchie D, Papi G, Mosquera I, Mensah K, Lucas E, Bøje RB, Kirkegaard P, Andersen B, Basu P. Survey of current policies towards widening cervical screening coverage among vulnerable women in 22 European countries. Eur J Public Health 2023; 33:502-508. [PMID: 37043751 PMCID: PMC10234668 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to investigate the status of cervical cancer screening (CCS) implementation in Europe by investigating national or regional policies towards broadening coverage of CCS amongst vulnerable subgroups of the population at high risk for CC. METHODS A web-based survey was conducted between September 2021 and February 2022 with CCS programme managers and experts to identify and rank six population subgroups at high risk considered most vulnerable to CC and to map existing policies that addressed the coverage of CCS towards population sub-groups at risk. RESULTS A total of 31 responses were received from experts covering 22 European countries. The results of this survey suggest that whilst many countries identify lower coverage of CCS amongst population subgroups at high risk of CC as a public health problem, few countries have developed dedicated policies towards broadening coverage among these subgroups. The six countries who reported having done so were concentrated in the Northern or Western European regions, suggesting the existence of geographical disparities within the continent. A key challenge in this respect is the difficulty to categorize subgroups of the target population; many individuals are burdened by intersectionality thereby resting in multiple categories, which may hinder the effectiveness of interventions targeted to reach specific subgroups. CONCLUSION A greater clarity on the conceptualization of vulnerability can help countries to develop and subsequently implement strategies to increase coverage to subgroups of the target population currently underserved with regards to CCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meritxell Mallafré-Larrosa
- Association of European Cancer Leagues (ECL), Brussels, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ritchie
- Association of European Cancer Leagues (ECL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ginevra Papi
- Association of European Cancer Leagues (ECL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabel Mosquera
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Keitly Mensah
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Eric Lucas
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
| | - Rikke Buus Bøje
- Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers, Denmark
| | - Pia Kirkegaard
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
- Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers, Denmark
| | - Berit Andersen
- Department of Public Health Programmes, Randers Regional Hospital, University Research Clinic for Cancer Screening, Randers, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Partha Basu
- Early Detection, Prevention & Infections Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer/World Health Organization (IARC), Lyon Cedex 07, France
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A Sulfur-Bridging Sulfonate-Modified Zinc(II) Phthalocyanine Nanoliposome Possessing Hybrid Type I and Type II Photoreactions with Efficient Photodynamic Anticancer Effects. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052250. [PMID: 36903498 PMCID: PMC10005636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalocyanines are potentially promising photosensitizers (PSs) for photodynamic therapy (PDT), but the inherent defects such as aggregation-caused quenching effects and non-specific toxicity severely hinder their further application in PDT. Herein, we synthesized two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (PcSA and PcOA) monosubstituted with a sulphonate group in the alpha position with "O bridge" and "S bridge" as bonds and prepared a liposomal nanophotosensitizer (PcSA@Lip) by thin-film hydration method to regulate the aggregation of PcSA in the aqueous solution and enhance its tumor targeting ability. PcSA@Lip exhibited highly efficient production of superoxide radical (O2∙-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) in water under light irradiation, which were 2.6-fold and 15.4-fold higher than those of free PcSA, respectively. Furthermore, PcSA@Lip was able to accumulate selectively in tumors after intravenous injection with the fluorescence intensity ratio of tumors to livers was 4.1:1. The significant tumor inhibition effects resulted in a 98% tumor inhibition rate after PcSA@Lip was injected intravenously at an ultra-low PcSA@Lip dose (0.8 nmol g-1 PcSA) and light dose (30 J cm-2). Therefore, the liposomal PcSA@Lip is a prospective nanophotosensitizer possessing hybrid type I and type II photoreactions with efficient photodynamic anticancer effects.
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Cheboi SK, Lagat K, Nyawira D, Kariuki P, Mutai J, Nganga W. Providers' Understanding of Cancer Aetiology and Supportive Features for Indigenous Palliative Cancer Care Service Provision in Kenya. GLOBAL ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE AND HEALTH 2023; 12:27536130231198427. [PMID: 38445297 PMCID: PMC10913503 DOI: 10.1177/27536130231198427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Palliative care is a fundamental component of providing people-centred health services to cancer patients. However, the primary pillars of indigenous palliative care such as provider understanding of cancer, its aetiology, and features are undocumented. Objective We sought to understand Traditional Health Providers (THPs) understanding of cancer aetiology, and the functional features that support indigenous palliative cancer care service provision in Kenya. Method The study used a mixed methods cross-sectional design. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 193 THPs, who self-reported to manage cancer patients. The findings were enriched and validated through member checking in 6 focus group discussions and five journey mapping in-depth interviews. Results Despite diversity in culture and experience among the indigenous providers in Kenya, their description of cancer etiology and their management practices and primary goal were similar. Cancer was consistently described as a deadly life-deforming disease by 61.1% of THPs (n = 118/193) and attributed to chemicals and toxins in the body 41.5% (n = 80). The indigenous palliative-care system was reported to be characterized by five tiered levels of care, diversity in expertise and experience, shared and consultative process (60%) and family involvement in medical decision (59.5%). Herbal regimen (60.1%) was found to be the cornerstone of informal palliative care blended with nutrition management 78.2% (n = 151), lifestyle changes 63.7% (n = 123) and counseling services 55.9% (n = 108). Payments for service were arbitrarily made in cash or in kind. Conclusion The features of indigenous palliative care services are informed by the providers' distinctive cultural terms and descriptions of cancer and cancer aetiology. Shared and consultative protocols, regimen exchange, referral to cascaded care, and caregiver involvement were all important palliative-care clues to saving and enhancing lives. The features provide context for development of indigenous palliative care framework, engagement of policy makers, and promotion of culturally-inclusive indigenous palliative care model for adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon K. Cheboi
- Centre for Biodiversity (CBD), National Museums of Kenya (NMK), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Health Management Informatics, Kenyatta university, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Kiprop Lagat
- Department of Culture, Ministry of Tourism, Wildlife and Heritage, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Daisy Nyawira
- Centre for Biodiversity (CBD), National Museums of Kenya (NMK), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Peris Kariuki
- Centre for Biodiversity (CBD), National Museums of Kenya (NMK), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph Mutai
- Centre for Public Health Research (CPHR), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Wanjiru Nganga
- Centre for Biodiversity (CBD), National Museums of Kenya (NMK), Nairobi, Kenya
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