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Kesse-Guyot E, Berthy F, Berlivet J, Perraud E, Touvier M, Hercberg S, Allès B, Lairon D, Mariotti F, Couturier C, Fouillet H, Pointereau P, Baudry J. Alignment between greenhouse gas emissions reduction and adherence the EAT-Lancet diet: A modeling study based on the NutriNet-Santé cohort. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 951:175470. [PMID: 39142409 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The potential of the EAT-Lancet reference diet, which promotes a healthy diet within planetary limits, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) remains understudied. This study examines the role of nutritional and acceptability constraints in reducing GHGe through diet optimization, and tests the alignment between GHGe reduction and the EAT-Lancet score. The study used data from 29,413 NutriNet-Santé participants to model French diets and evaluate their environmental, nutritional, economic, and health impact. The Organic Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to assess organic and conventional food consumed, and the Dialecte database was used to estimate the diet environmental impacts. Quality of diets were also evaluated based using the PNNS-GS2 (Programme National Nutrition-Santé 2 guidelines score). When testing minimizing GHGe under strict nutritional and acceptability constraints, it was possible to reduce GHGe up to 67 % (from 4.34 in the observed diet to GHGe = 1.45 kgeqCO2/d) while improving the EAT score by 103 % with 91 % of the food as organic. Greater reductions required relaxation of some constraints. When testing maximizing EAT score under gradual reduction in GHGe, the adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was not significantly affected by the gradual reduction in GHGe. To maximize EAT score with 75 % reduction in GHGe (1.09 kgeqCO2/d), less strict constraints on the bioavailability of iron and zinc are necessary. The EAT score improved by 141 %, while land occupation decreased by 57 %, compared to the observed value. The diet contained 94 % of organic foods. There was some alignment between the degree of adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and the reduction in GHGe, but other diets may also lead to a strong reduction in GHGe. Thus, GHGe can be greatly reduced by dietary choices, but require profound reshaping of diets which must be coupled with changes in other areas of the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France.
| | - Florine Berthy
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Justine Berlivet
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Elie Perraud
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France; Département de Santé Publique, Hôpital Avicenne, 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Benjamin Allès
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
| | - Denis Lairon
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, INRAE, C2VN, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Julia Baudry
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Inserm, INRAE, Cnam, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team (EREN), Epidemiology and Statistics Research Center - University of Paris Cité (CRESS), 93017 Bobigny, France
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Klapp R, Laxamana JA, Shvetsov YB, Park SY, Kanehara R, Setiawan VW, Danquah I, Le Marchand L, Maskarinec G. The EAT-Lancet Diet Index Is Associated with Lower Obesity and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Multiethnic Cohort. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00389-4. [PMID: 39019161 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EAT-Lancet Commission has developed dietary recommendations, named the EAT-Lancet diet, to promote healthy nutrition and sustainable food production worldwide. OBJECTIVES We developed an adapted score for the EAT-Lancet diet for participants of the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study and its relation with incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS The MEC includes 5 ethnic groups followed since 1993-1996. Anthropometric characteristics and dietary intake were assessed by questionnaire at cohort entry (Qx1) and 10 y later (Qx3). To create the EAT-Lancet index (range: 0-48 points), a 3-point scoring system for 16 food groups standardized to 2500 kcal/d was applied. T2D cases were identified through repeated self-reports and administrative data. In a prospective design, obesity at Qx3 and T2D incidence were evaluated using Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) while adjusting for relevant covariates. RESULTS Among 193,379 MEC participants, the overall mean of the EAT-Lancet index score was 25 ± 4 points and 46,140 new T2D cases were identified. Higher adjusted means were observed in females than males, in participants of Japanese American and Native Hawaiian ancestry, and in those with healthy weight than overweight or obese. Obesity was lower in cohort members with higher EAT-Lancet scores (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.73, 0.79 for tertile 3 compared with 1). Although T2D incidence was 10% lower among participants in the highest (27-42 points) compared with the lowest (9-23 points) EAT-Lancet index tertile (HR: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.92), the association was attenuated after BMI adjustment (HR: 0.97; 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). This inverse association with T2D was restricted to African American and European American participants. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the hypothesis that adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet is related to a lower risk of obesity, which may be partially responsible for the small reduction in T2D incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Klapp
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Julie Ann Laxamana
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Yurii B Shvetsov
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Song-Yi Park
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Rieko Kanehara
- Division of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center Japan, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ina Danquah
- Center for Development Research, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Gertraud Maskarinec
- Population Sciences in the Pacific, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, United States.
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Shobako N, Itoh H, Honda K. Typical Guidelines for Well-Balanced Diet and Science Communication in Japan and Worldwide. Nutrients 2024; 16:2112. [PMID: 38999861 PMCID: PMC11243298 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated healthy diets and nutrients. Governments and scientists have communicated their findings to the public in an easy-to-understand manner, which has played a critical role in achieving citizens' well-being. Some countries have published dietary reference intakes (DRIs), whereas some academic organizations have provided scientific evidence on dietary methods, such as traditional diets. Recently, more user-friendly methods have been introduced; the Health Star Rating system and Optimized Nutri-Dense Meals are examples from Australia and Japan, respectively. Both organizations adopt a novel approach that incorporates nudges. This review summarizes the science communication regarding food policies, guidelines, and novel methods in Japan and other countries. In the food policies section, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the DRIs and food-based guidelines published by the government. Dietary methods widely known, such as The Mediterranean diet, Nordic diet, Japanese traditional diet, and the EAT-Lancet guidelines, were also reviewed. Finally, we discussed future methods of science communications, such as nudge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohisa Shobako
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- The Center for Preventive Medicine, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 106-0041, Japan;
| | - Keiko Honda
- Laboratory of Medicine Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, Sakado-City 350-0214, Saitama, Japan;
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Rei M, Costa A, Sosa S, da Costa S, Torres D, Sage C, Rodrigues S. Multicriteria Measures to Assess the Sustainability of Diets: A Systematic Review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae081. [PMID: 38942740 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Assessing the overall sustainability of a diet is a challenging undertaking requiring a holistic approach capable of addressing the multicriteria nature of this concept. OBJECTIVE The aim was to identify and summarize the multicriteria measures used to assess the sustainability characteristics of diets reported at the individual level by healthy adults. DATA SOURCES Articles were identified via PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. The search strategy consisted of key words and MeSH terms, and was concluded in September 2022, covering references in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. DATA EXTRACTION This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. The search identified 5663 references, from which 1794 were duplicates. Two reviewers independently screened the titles and abstracts of each of the 3869 records and the full-text of the 144 references selected. Of these, 7 studies met the inclusion criteria. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 6 multicriteria measures were identified: 3 different Sustainable Diet Indices, the Quality Environmental Costs of Diet, the Quality Financial Costs of Diet, and the Environmental Impact of Diet. All of these incorporated a health/nutrition dimension, while the environmental and economic dimensions were the second and the third most integrated, respectively. A sociocultural sustainability dimension was included in only 1 of the measures. CONCLUSION Despite some methodological concerns in the development and validation process of the identified measures, their inclusion is considered indispensable in assessing the transition towards sustainable diets in future studies. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022358824.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Rei
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Sosa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia da Costa
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Torres
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
| | - Colin Sage
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação, Universidade do Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
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Lin X, Wang S, Gao Y. Global trends and research hotspots of EAT-Lancet diet: a bibliometric analysis. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1328351. [PMID: 38312143 PMCID: PMC10836142 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1328351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The EAT-Lancet diet is a groundbreaking and comprehensive dietary framework that has garnered significant attention in the fields of nutrition, sustainability, and public health. We aimed to conduct a bibliometric study to investigate current status and hotspots in the field of EAT-Lancet diet based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database, and the documents of EAT-Lancet diet published from Jan 1, 2019 to Sep 1.2023 were extracted. The bibliometric and visualized analysis were performed by VOSviewer 1.6.16 and WOSCC Online Analysis Platform. In total, 155 documents from 62 journals were included, and 735 authors from 389 institutions and 53 countries/regions contributed to the field of EAT-Lancet diet. The most productive countries/regions, institutions, authors, and journals were the USA, Wageningen University & Research, Johan Rockström, and Nutrients, respectively. The first high-cited document was published in Lancet and authored by Willett et al. in 2019. This is also the first study about EAT-Lancet diet. The article firstly proposed the "EAT-Lancet Diet" emphasizing balanced, plant-based eating to improve human health while addressing environmental concerns. In conclusion, in the field of EAT-Lancet diet, the main research hotspots and frontiers are the adaptation of EAT-Lancet diet, the composition of EAT-Lancet diet, and the benefits of EAT-Lancet diet for human health. The number of research on the EAT-Lancet diet is currently limited. There is a pressing need for further studies to broaden our understanding of the EAT-Lancet diet and its potential to enhance human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lin
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Public Health, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Prevention and Treatment of Senile Chronic Diseases, Hangzhou, China
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Neff RA, Ramsing RJ, Kim BF. Commercial weight-loss diets, greenhouse gas emissions and freshwater consumption. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:2268-2279. [PMID: 37867400 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight-loss attempts are widespread in the United States, with many using commercial weight-loss diet plans for guidance and support. Accordingly, dietary suggestions within these plans influence the nation's food-related environmental footprint. METHODS We modelled United States (US) per capita greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) and water footprints associated with seven commercial weight-loss diets, the US baseline, and selected other dietary patterns. We characterised consumption in commercial weight-loss diets both via modelling from provided guidelines and based on specific foods in 1-week meal plans. Cradle-to-farmgate GHGe and water footprints were assessed using a previously developed model. GHGe results were compared to the EAT-Lancet 2050 target. Water footprints were compared to the US baseline. RESULTS Weight-loss diets had GHGe footprints on average 4.4 times the EAT-Lancet target recommended for planetary health (range: 2.4-8.5 times). Bovine meat was by far the largest contributor of GHGe in most diets that included it. Three commercial diets had water footprints above the US baseline. Low caloric intake in some diets compensated for the relative increases in GHGe- and water-intensive foods. CONCLUSIONS Dietary patterns suggested by marketing materials and guidelines from commercial weight-loss diets can have high GHGe and water footprints, particularly if caloric limits are exceeded. Commercial diet plan guidance can be altered to support planetary and individual health, including describing what dietary patterns can jointly support environmental sustainability and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni A Neff
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca J Ramsing
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brent F Kim
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Lin X, Wang S, Huang J. The Association between the EAT-Lancet Diet and Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4462. [PMID: 37892537 PMCID: PMC10610026 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have explored the association between diabetes and the EAT-Lancet diet. Thus, the objective of our study was to conduct a systematic review to analyze and summarize all clinical studies concerning the association between diabetes and the EAT-Lancet diet. We undertook a comprehensive search of the Embase, Cochrane, and PubMed databases up to 15 August 2023. All clinical studies concerning the association between diabetes and the EAT-Lancet diet were summarized and analyzed. In total, our systematic review included five studies of four prospective studies and one cross-sectional study, encompassing 259,315 participants. All the included studies were evaluated as high quality. The outcomes from all studies indicated that adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet was correlated with a reduced risk of diabetes. In conclusion, the EAT-Lancet diet may be an effective dietary intervention for diabetes. Nevertheless, the number of studies examining the association between diabetes and the EAT-Lancet diet is limited. Further high-quality studies are required to expand our understanding of the benefits of the EAT-Lancet diet for patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuai Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jinyu Huang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
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