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Dong T, Yu C, Mao Q, Han F, Yang Z, Yang Z, Pires N, Wei X, Jing W, Lin Q, Hu F, Hu X, Zhao L, Jiang Z. Advances in biosensors for major depressive disorder diagnostic biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 258:116291. [PMID: 38735080 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders and is mainly characterized by low mood or lack of interest and pleasure. It can be accompanied by varying degrees of cognitive and behavioral changes and may lead to suicide risk in severe cases. Due to the subjectivity of diagnostic methods and the complexity of patients' conditions, the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) has always been a difficult problem in psychiatry. With the discovery of more diagnostic biomarkers associated with MDD in recent years, especially emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), it is possible to quantify the condition of patients with mental illness based on biomarker levels. Point-of-care biosensors have emerged due to their advantages of convenient sampling, rapid detection, miniaturization, and portability. After summarizing the pathogenesis of MDD, representative biomarkers, including proteins, hormones, and RNAs, are discussed. Furthermore, we analyzed recent advances in biosensors for detecting various types of biomarkers of MDD, highlighting representative electrochemical sensors. Future trends in terms of new biomarkers, new sample processing methods, and new detection modalities are expected to provide a complete reference for psychiatrists and biomedical engineers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Dong
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Chenghui Yu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China.
| | - Qi Mao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Feng Han
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhenwei Yang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhaochu Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Nuno Pires
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Systems, Collaborative Innovation Center on Micro-Nano Transduction and Intelligent Eco-Internet of Things, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities on Micro-Nano Systems Technology and Smart Transducing, National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400067, China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Weixuan Jing
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qijing Lin
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Fei Hu
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Xiao Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Smart Justice, School of Criminal Investigation, Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing, 401120, China.
| | - Libo Zhao
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- X Multidisciplinary Research Institute, School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Yin J, Song X, Wang C, Lin X, Miao M. Escitalopram versus other antidepressive agents for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:876. [PMID: 38001423 PMCID: PMC10675869 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05382-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Escitalopram is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and one of the most commonly prescribed newer antidepressants (ADs) worldwide. We aimed to explore the efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of escitalopram in comparison with other ADs in the acute-phase treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Clinical Trials.gov were searched from inception to July 10, 2023. Trial databases of drug-approving agencies were hand-searched for published, unpublished and ongoing controlled trials. All randomized controlled trials comparing escitalopram against any other antidepressant for patients with MDD. Responders and remitters to treatment were calculated on an intention-to-treat basis. For dichotomous data, risk ratios (RRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Continuous data were analyzed using standardized mean differences (with 95% CI) using the random effects model. RESULTS A total of 30 studies were included in this meta‑analysis, among which sixteen trials compared escitalopram with another SSRI and 14 compared escitalopram with a newer AD. Escitalopram was shown to be significantly more effective than citalopram in achieving acute response (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.87). Escitalopram was also more effective than citalopram in terms of remission (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.93). CONCLUSIONS Escitalopram was superior to other ADs for the acute phase treatment of MDD in terms of efficacy, acceptability and tolerability. However, no significant difference was found between escitalopram and other ADs in early response or follow-up response to treatment of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Yin
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China
| | - Xiaoyong Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Chaoyang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuhong Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Henan, China.
| | - Mingsan Miao
- National International Cooperation Base of Chinese Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Sun Z, Chen S, Zhang H, Gu X, Ge H, Chen J. Changes of Serum C-Reactive Protein Level in Patients With Depressive Disorders After Treatment With Agomelatine Combined With Aerobic Exercise and Its Significance. Clin Neuropharmacol 2023; 46:192-197. [PMID: 37748002 DOI: 10.1097/wnf.0000000000000568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depressive disorders constitute a series of debilitating diseases. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of agomelatine (AG) combined with aerobic exercise (AE) on patients with moderate-severe depression (MSD) and the changes of the serum C-reactive protein (CRP) level in patients after treatment as well as its significance. METHODS A total of 178 MSD patients were randomly assigned to the AG group (N = 90) and AG + AE group (N = 88). The severity of depressive disorders and anhedonia was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory, and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale scores. The serum CRP level in MSD patients was detected by turbidity assay. Patients were defined as remitters, responders, and nonresponders according to the HAM-D 17 score, and the treatment efficacy was analyzed, followed by evaluation of the serum CRP level in patients with different treatment responses. Finally, the adverse reactions of patients during treatment were statistically analyzed. RESULTS After treatment, the HAM-D, Beck Depression Inventory, and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale scores and the serum CRP level of the 2 groups were reduced, and changes in the AG + AE group was more significant than that in the AG group. The clinical efficacy of the AG + AE group was better than that of the AG group. After treatment, the serum levels of CRP in remitters and responders were reduced, but not significantly in nonresponders. The incidence of adverse events in the AG + AE group was lower than that in the AG group. CONCLUSION AG + AE reduced the serum level of CRP in MSD patients and had good therapeutic effects on MSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuping Sun
- Psychosomatic Department, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center
| | | | | | - Xiaoqing Gu
- Rehabilitation Department, Shanghai Changning Mental Health Center
| | - Haiyan Ge
- Psychiatry Department, Shanghai Xuhui Mental Health Center
| | - Jinglei Chen
- Psychiatry Department, Shanghai Huangpu Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
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Chen N, Wu X, Tu M, Xiong S, Jin J, Qu S, Pei S, Fang J, Shao X. Optimizing Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder in Adolescents: The Impact of Intradermal Acupuncture - A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2023; 19:1819-1832. [PMID: 37641586 PMCID: PMC10460602 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s420489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) exhibits a pronounced occurrence among adolescents, aligning closely with the lifetime prevalence rate of 16.6% observed in adults. It is difficult to treat and prone to recurrence. Acupuncture has shown potential in enhancing treatment effectiveness. Nonetheless, there is a lack of research on the use of intradermal acupuncture (IA) in treating adolescent MDD. Methods This study is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. A cohort of 120 participants will be assigned randomly to three distinct groups, namely a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)-only group, a sham intradermal acupuncture combined with SSRIs (SIA) group, and an active intradermal acupuncture combined with SSRIs (AIA) group. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale will serve as the primary outcome, while Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Short Form 36 Questionnaire will serve as secondary outcomes in assessing the amelioration of depressive symptoms in patients. These data will be analyzed using SPSS26.0 software. Results We will assess the efficacy and safety of IA for MDD using commonly employed clinical psychiatric scales. Conclusion The efficacy of IA in treating adolescent MDD may be demonstrated in this study, suggesting its potential for optimizing MDD treatment schemes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05832619 (April 27, 2023).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoting Wu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingqi Tu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sangsang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siying Qu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangyi Pei
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Research of Acupuncture Treatment and Transformation of Emotional Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Research of Acupuncture Treatment and Transformation of Emotional Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Research of Acupuncture Treatment and Transformation of Emotional Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Savino R, Polito AN, Marsala G, Ventriglio A, Di Salvatore M, De Stefano MI, Valenzano A, Marinaccio L, Bellomo A, Cibelli G, Monda M, Monda V, Messina A, Polito R, Carotenuto M, Messina G. Agomelatine: A Potential Multitarget Compound for Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Brain Sci 2023; 13:734. [PMID: 37239206 PMCID: PMC10216109 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13050734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Agomelatine (AGM) is one of the latest atypical antidepressants, prescribed exclusively for the treatment of depression in adults. AGM belongs to the pharmaceutical class of melatonin agonist and selective serotonin antagonist ("MASS"), as it acts both as a selective agonist of melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2, and as a selective antagonist of 5-HT2C/5-HT2B receptors. AGM is involved in the resynchronization of interrupted circadian rhythms, with beneficial effects on sleep patterns, while antagonism on serotonin receptors increases the availability of norepinephrine and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex, with an antidepressant and nootropic effect. The use of AGM in the pediatric population is limited by the scarcity of data. In addition, few studies and case reports have been published on the use of AGM in patients with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Considering this evidence, the purpose of this review is to report the potential role of AGM in neurological developmental disorders. AGM would increase the expression of the cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) in the prefrontal cortex, with optimization of learning, long-term memory consolidation, and improved survival of neurons. Another important feature of AGM is the ability to modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission in regions associated with mood and cognition. With its synergistic activity a melatoninergic agonist and an antagonist of 5-HT2C, AGM acts as an antidepressant, psychostimulant, and promoter of neuronal plasticity, regulating cognitive symptoms, resynchronizing circadian rhythms in patients with autism, ADHD, anxiety, and depression. Given its good tolerability and good compliance, it could potentially be administered to adolescents and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Savino
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Nunzia Polito
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Ventriglio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Melanie Di Salvatore
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Ida De Stefano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Luigi Marinaccio
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Antonello Bellomo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Carotenuto
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
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Dietary Supplementation with Resveratrol Attenuates Serum Melatonin Level, Pro-Inflammatory Response and Metabolic Disorder in Rats Fed High-Fructose High-Lipid Diet under Round-the-Clock Lighting. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2023; 30:37-47. [PMID: 36810424 PMCID: PMC9944068 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology30010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of resveratrol on systemic inflammatory response and metabolic disorder in rats fed a high-fructose high-lipid diet (HFHLD) and exposed to round-the-clock lighting (RCL). 21 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control (group 1, n = 7); HFHLD for 8 weeks + round-the-clock lighting (RCL) (group 2, n = 7); HFHLD + RCL + Resveratrol (in a daily dose of 5 mg/kg intragastrically (group 3, n = 7). Results show that the combined effect of HFHLD and RCL reduces the serum melatonin (p < 0.001) and accelerates pro-inflammatory activities, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorder. There is a significant increase in the serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (both p < 0.001), blood malondialdehyde-thiobarbituric acid adducts (MDA-TBA2) (p < 0.001), serum glucose (p < 0.01), insulin concentration, and the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index (both p < 0.001), serum with very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) (both p < 0.001). At the same time, the decrease in the serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level (p < 0.001) is observed in the HFHLD + RCL group compared to the control. In the HFHLD + RCL + Resveratrol group, hypomelatonaemia (p < 0.001), pro-inflammatory actions, oxidative stress, and metabolic disorder were mitigated. Resveratrol can cause a significant rise in the serum melatonin and reduce serum TNF-α and CRP levels (both p < 0.001), blood MDA-TBA2 (p < 0.001), serum glucose (both p < 0.01), insulin concentration, and HOMA-IR (both p < 0.001), serum VLDL and TAG (both p < 0.001) compared to the group 2, while serum HDL level increases (p < 0.01). Resveratrol attenuates pro-inflammatory responses and prevents considerable metabolic disorder in rats fed HFHLD under RCL.
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Towbin KE. Editorial: Not the Same as Adults: Vortioxetine in Adolescents With Major Depression. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:1081-1083. [PMID: 35364250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this issue, readers can review a multisite, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial (DBRCT) of vortioxetine for adolescent major depression (AMD) by Findling et al.1 The investigators deserve credit for this industry-sponsored study's several innovations: initial treatment following current guidelines, efforts to reduce placebo response rates (PRRs), and creation of both placebo- and active-control arms. The Journal deserves our respect for its commitment to highlighting these innovations, despite the trial's negative result. It is essential to perform treatment studies in adolescents, and this study underscores the fallacy of presuming that drugs showing efficacy in adults will be as effective in our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Towbin
- Emotion and Development Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Kholghi G, Eskandari M, Shokouhi Qare Saadlou MS, Zarrindast MR, Vaseghi S. Night shift hormone: How does melatonin affect depression? Physiol Behav 2022; 252:113835. [PMID: 35504318 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland that modulates the circadian rhythm and mood. Previous studies have shown the therapeutic effects of melatonin, or its important analogue, agomelatine, on depression. In this review study, we aimed to discuss the potential mechanisms of melatonin involved in the treatment of depression. It was noted that disrupted circadian rhythm can lead to depressive state, and melatonin via regulating circadian rhythm shows a therapeutic effect. It was also noted that melatonin induces antidepressant effects via promoting antioxidant system and neurogenesis, and suppressing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis. The interaction effect between melatonin or agomelatine and serotonergic signaling has a significant effect on depression. It was noted that the psychotropic effects of agomelatine are induced by the synergistic interaction between melatonin and 5-HT2C receptors. Agomelatine also interacts with glutamatergic signaling in brain regions involved in regulating mood and circadian rhythm. Interestingly, it was concluded that melatonin exerts both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects, depending on the grade of inflammation. It was suggested that synergistic interaction between melatonin and 5-HT2C receptors may be able to induce therapeutic effects on other psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, dualistic role of melatonin in regulating inflammation is an important point that can be examined at different levels of inflammation in animal models of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gita Kholghi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Maliheh Eskandari
- Faculty of Basic Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran.
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Shkodina A, Iengalychev T, Tarianyk K, Boiko D, Lytvynenko N, Skrypnikov A. Relationship between sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson's disease: A narrative review. ACTA FACULTATIS MEDICAE NAISSENSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/afmnai39-33652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this narrative review was to describe the versatile links between mental status and sleep in patients with Parkinson's disease. Methods: We searched randomized controlled studies, observational studies, meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and case reports written in English in PubMed during 2015 - 2021. Additionally, to ensure the completeness of the review, a second, more in-depth literature search was performed using the same electronic database with the search inquiries of increased specificity. Results: The information on pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors was extracted and formed the basis for this review. Despite how widespread sleep disorders in Parkinson's disease are, there is no systematic information about their association with neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as depression, anxiety, impulse control disorders, apathy, cognitive impairment and psychosis. In this review, we described relationships between these non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, their timeline occurrence, gap in knowledge and perspectives for further research. We suppose that early treatment of sleep disorders in patients with Parkinson's disease can reduce the incidence and extent of neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusion: We have demonstrated multiple, multidirectional relationships between sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms. However, some of them remain unexplored. The described knowledge can be applied to further study the possibility of influencing neuropsychiatric symptoms through the correction of sleep disorders in patients with different stages of Parkinson's disease.
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