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Gorlova A, Svirin E, Pavlov D, Cespuglio R, Proshin A, Schroeter CA, Lesch KP, Strekalova T. Understanding the Role of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Abnormal Myelination in Excessive Aggression Associated with Depression: Recent Input from Mechanistic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:915. [PMID: 36674429 PMCID: PMC9861430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aggression and deficient cognitive control problems are widespread in psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). These abnormalities are known to contribute significantly to the accompanying functional impairment and the global burden of disease. Progress in the development of targeted treatments of excessive aggression and accompanying symptoms has been limited, and there exists a major unmet need to develop more efficacious treatments for depressed patients. Due to the complex nature and the clinical heterogeneity of MDD and the lack of precise knowledge regarding its pathophysiology, effective management is challenging. Nonetheless, the aetiology and pathophysiology of MDD has been the subject of extensive research and there is a vast body of the latest literature that points to new mechanisms for this disorder. Here, we overview the key mechanisms, which include neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, insulin receptor signalling and abnormal myelination. We discuss the hypotheses that have been proposed to unify these processes, as many of these pathways are integrated for the neurobiology of MDD. We also describe the current translational approaches in modelling depression, including the recent advances in stress models of MDD, and emerging novel therapies, including novel approaches to management of excessive aggression, such as anti-diabetic drugs, antioxidant treatment and herbal compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gorlova
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Svirin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cognitive Dysfunctions, Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 125315 Moscow, Russia
- Neuroplast BV, 6222 NK Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dmitrii Pavlov
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Raymond Cespuglio
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Department of Normal Physiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), 69500 Bron, France
| | - Andrey Proshin
- P.K. Anokhin Research Institute of Normal Physiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Careen A. Schroeter
- Preventive and Environmental Medicine, Kastanienhof Clinic, 50858 Köln-Junkersdorf, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Lesch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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Mumtaz S, Iqbal S, Shah M, Hussain R, Rahim F, Rehman W, Khan S, Abid OUR, Rasheed L, Dera AA, Al-ghulikah HA, Kehili S, Elkaeed EB, Alrbyawi H, Alahmdi MI. New Triazinoindole Bearing Benzimidazole/Benzoxazole Hybrids Analogs as Potent Inhibitors of Urease: Synthesis, In Vitro Analysis and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:6580. [PMID: 36235116 PMCID: PMC9571547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four analogs based on triazinoindole bearing benzimidazole/benzoxazole moieties (1-25) were synthesized. Utilizing a variety of spectroscopic methods, including 1H-, 13C-NMR, and HREI-MS, the newly afforded compounds (1-25) were analyzed. The synthesized analogs were tested against urease enzyme (in vitro) as compared to the standard thiourea drug. All triazinoindole-based benzimidazole/benzoxazole analogs (1-25) exhibited moderate to excellent inhibition profiles, having IC50 values of 0.20 ± 0.01 to 36.20 ± 0.70 μM when evaluated under the positive control of thiourea as a standard drug. To better understand the structure-activity relationship, the synthesized compounds were split into two groups, "A" and "B." Among category "A" analogs, analogs 8 (bearing tri-hydroxy substitutions at the 2,4,6-position of aryl ring C) and 5 (bearing di-hydroxy substitutions at the 3,4-position of aryl ring C) emerged as the most potent inhibitors of urease enzyme and displayed many times more potency than a standard thiourea drug. Besides that, analog 22 (which holds di-hydroxy substitutions at the 2,3-position of the aryl ring) and analog 23 (bearing ortho-fluoro substitution) showed ten-fold-enhanced inhibitory potential compared to standard thiourea among category "B" analogs. Molecular docking studies on the active analogs of each category were performed; the results obtained revealed that the presence of hydroxy and fluoro-substitutions on different positions of aryl ring C play a pivotal role in binding interactions with the active site of the targeted urease enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Mumtaz
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences (SNS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mazloom Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology (AUST), Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan
| | - Rafaqat Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rahim
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Rehman
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | | | - Liaqat Rasheed
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan
| | - Ayed A. Dera
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan A. Al-ghulikah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sana Kehili
- Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam B. Elkaeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad Alrbyawi
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina 42353, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Issa Alahmdi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Ullah H, Ahmad S, Khan F, Taha M, Rahim F, Sarfraz M, Aziz A, Wadood A. Synthesis, in-vitro and in-silico studies of triazinoindole bearing bis-Schiff base as β-glucuronidase inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bawazir WA, Alnajjar DK. Regioselective Synthesis of Some 3-Thioxo-8-Nitro-(2H)-1,2,4-Triazino[5,6-b]Indole Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1852585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafa A. Bawazir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniyah K. Alnajjar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Chinchilli KK, Angeli A, Thacker PS, Korra LN, Biswas R, Arifuddin M, Supuran CT. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 1,2,3-Triazole-Linked Triazino[5,6-B]Indole-Benzene Sulfonamide Conjugates as Potent Carbonic Anhydrase I, II, IX, and XIII Inhibitors. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10050200. [PMID: 32429261 PMCID: PMC7281265 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10050200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,2,3-triazole-linked triazino[5,6-b]indole-benzene sulfonamide hybrids (6a-6o) was synthesized and evaluated for carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory activity against the human (h) isoforms hCA I, II, XIII (cytosolic isoforms), and hCA IX (transmembrane tumor-associated isoform). The results revealed that the compounds 6a-6o exhibited Ki values in the low to medium nanomolar range against hCA II and hCA IX (Kis ranging from 7.7 nM to 41.3 nM) and higher Ki values against hCA I and hCA XIII. Compound 6i showed potent inhibition of hCA II (Ki = 7.7nM), being more effective compared to the standard inhibitor acetazolamide (AAZ) (Ki = 12.1 nM). Compounds 6b and 6d showed moderate activity against hCA XIII (Ki= 69.8 and 65.8 nM). Hence, compound 6i could be consider as potential lead candidate for the design of potent and selective hCA II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kartheek Chinchilli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India; (K.K.C.); (P.S.T.); (L.N.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Pavitra S. Thacker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India; (K.K.C.); (P.S.T.); (L.N.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Laxman Naik Korra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India; (K.K.C.); (P.S.T.); (L.N.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Rashmita Biswas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India; (K.K.C.); (P.S.T.); (L.N.K.); (R.B.)
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad 500037, India; (K.K.C.); (P.S.T.); (L.N.K.); (R.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Anwarul Uloom College, 11-3-918, New Malleypally, Hyderabad 500001, India
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (C.T.S.)
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (C.T.S.)
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New triazinoindole bearing thiazole/oxazole analogues: Synthesis, α-amylase inhibitory potential and molecular docking study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Synthesis of Novel Triazinoindole-Based Thiourea Hybrid: A Study on α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Their Molecular Docking. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213819. [PMID: 31652777 PMCID: PMC6864627 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of triazinoindole-bearing thiosemicarbazides (1–25) was synthesized and evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory potential. All synthesized analogs exhibited excellent inhibitory potential, with IC50 values ranging from 1.30 ± 0.01 to 35.80 ± 0.80 μM when compared to standard acarbose (an IC50 value of 38.60 ± 0.20 μM). Among the series, analogs 1 and 23 were found to be the most potent, with IC50 values of 1.30 ± 0.05 and 1.30 ± 0.01 μM, respectively. The structure–activity relationship (SAR) was mainly based upon bringing about different substituents on the phenyl rings. To confirm the binding interactions, a molecular docking study was performed.
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Gotoh L, Saitoh A, Yamada M, Fujii H, Nagase H, Yamada M. Effects of repeated treatment with a delta opioid receptor agonist KNT-127 on hyperemotionality in olfactory-bulbectomized rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 323:11-14. [PMID: 27916688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that a single treatment of a non-peptidic delta opioid receptor agonist, KNT-127, has an antidepressant-like effect in rodents in the forced swim test. Here we evaluated the effect of repeated administration of the potential antidepressant KNT-127 in an olfactory-bulbectomized (OBX) rat model. Male Wistar rats (8-12 weeks old) underwent olfactory bulbectomy. From 14days after surgery each was weighed and administered either KNT-127 (3mgkg-1/day), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine (10mgkg-1/day), or vehicle, daily for 14 days. Hyperemotionality was measured on days 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14. Repeated administration of KNT-127 significantly decreased total and individual hyperemotionality scores (attack, startle, struggle and fight) over the entire period. Conversely, fluoxetine did not show any significant effect on days 3, 5, 7, or 14 but significantly reduced the total score on day 10. The inhibitory effects of KNT-127 were greater than those of fluoxetine. The KNT-127 and control groups both gained weight, while the fluoxetine group lost weight. Our results suggest that KNT-127 is a potential lead compound for antidepressant therapy, with high efficacy, a relatively rapid onset of therapeutic effect, and without the possible adverse effects of weight loss caused by SSRIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Gotoh
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Saitoh
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan.
| | - Misa Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
| | - Hideaki Fujii
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagase
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiko Yamada
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8553, Japan
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Shruthi N, Poojary B, Kumar V, Prathibha A, Hussain MM, Revanasiddappa BC, Joshi H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of N-(substituted phenyl)-2-(5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-ylsulfanyl)acetamides as antimicrobial, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant agents. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162015020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Rahim F, Ullah K, Ullah H, Wadood A, Taha M, Rehman AU, uddin I, Ashraf M, Shaukat A, Rehman W, Hussain S, Khan KM. Triazinoindole analogs as potent inhibitors of α-glucosidase: Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2015; 58:81-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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