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Yousofvand N, Moloodi B. An overview of the effect of medicinal herbs on pain. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1057-1081. [PMID: 36585701 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper is typically intended to carefully collect and properly review the antinociceptive activities of medicinal plants. In this review article, by searching keywords of medicinal plants, pain, herbal medicine, antinociceptive, phytotherapy in databases of Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Springer, Wiley, Proquest, PubMed, Nature, Magiran, Emerald, SID, ISI, and some other indexing cites, or traditional books, desired articles were obtained until 2021. The title of medicinal plants was searched diligently in Persian and English. Ultimately, 270 articles were studied. The findings possibly indicated that several medicinal plants are among the most valuable plants that have antinociceptive activities. There efficiently are various antinociceptive compounds in medicinal plants. The antinociceptive activity of these specific compounds may be through their peculiar effects on the opioid system, cholinergic pathways, and stimulation of GABA receptors, with the peripheral and central antinociceptive mechanism. Antiinflammatory processes, inhibition of the synthesis, and the release of arachidonic acid, prostaglandins, phospholipase, nitric oxide, and cyclooxygenase-2 have been reported as analgesic mechanisms of some herbs. In a reasonable conclusion, our review thoughtfully provides a comprehensive summary of present data from some scientific studies on the common herbs with antinociceptive and antiinflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namdar Yousofvand
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, I & R of Iran
| | - Boshra Moloodi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Razi University, Kermanshah, I & R of Iran
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Liu Y, May BH, Hyde AJ, He Y, Guo X, Zhang AL, Lu C, Xue CC, Zhang H. Topical Traditional Chinese Medicines for Cancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Integr Cancer Ther 2023; 22:15347354231210870. [PMID: 37962002 PMCID: PMC10647965 DOI: 10.1177/15347354231210870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Safe and effective management of cancer-related pain is a worldwide challenge. In the search for treatment options, natural products used in Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have received attention in clinical studies for their effects on cancer-related pain. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the clinical evidence for topically applied CHMs as adjunctive treatments for cancer pain management. METHODS Nine biomedical databases and 4 clinical trial registries were searched for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) that reported measures of pain and/or quality of life. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Meta-analysis employed mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (random effects). RESULTS Twenty (20) RCTs (1636 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analyses were grouped based on the comparisons and outcome measures. For pain intensity, there was a greater reduction in the topical CHM group versus placebo (MD -0.72 [-1.04, -0.40]), no difference when compared to tramadol (MD -0.15 [-0.38, 0.08]), and a greater reduction when topical CHMs were combined with conventional analgesic medications (MD -0.67 [-0.93, -0.40]). Analgesic onset time was reduced in the CHM group compared to tramadol (MD -26.02 [-27.57, -24.47] minutes), and for CHMs combined with conventional medications (MD -19.17 [-21.83, -16.52] minutes). When CHMs were combined with analgesic medications, improvements were found for duration of analgesia (MD 1.65 [0.78, 2.51] hours), analgesic maintenance dose (MD -31.72 [-50.43, -13.01] milligrams/day), and quality of life. CONCLUSION Addition of topical CHMs to conventional analgesic medications was associated with improved outcomes for pain intensity, some other pain-related outcomes, and measures of quality of life. Limitations included methodological issues in some studies and considerable heterogeneity in some pooled results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Brian H. May
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna J. Hyde
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Yihan He
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anthony Lin Zhang
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Charlie Changli Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The China-Australia International Research Centre for Chinese Medicine, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, and The Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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González-Lugo OE, Pozos-Guillén A, Ponce-Peña P, Lares-Asseff I, Escobar-García DM, Campos-Cantón I, Vértiz-Hernández AA. Synergistic interaction between 4-allyl-1-hydroxy-2-methoxybenzene (eugenol) and diclofenac: An isobolograpic analysis in Wistar rats. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:978-984. [PMID: 32737935 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical research that contributes pain palliation has suggested that drugs favor the expected effects and minimize the adverse effects. Among the most widely used strategies is the combination of analgesic drugs among those in the same group, with those in another group of analgesics or with co-adjuvants (nonanalgesic drugs or elements of traditional medicine). This work aims to evaluate the interaction between eugenol (EUG) and diclofenac (DFC) on nociception in the presence of a noxious stimulus through the formalin test and isobolographic analysis. The results indicate that EUG, DFC, or the combination of both produce an antinociceptive effect in rodents (p ≤ 0.05). Local co-administration of EUG and DFC gave a theoretical effective dose (Zadd ) 2,936.27 ± 155.33 μg/kg (p ≤ 0.05) significantly higher as compared to the effective experimental doses (Zmix ) of 866.89 ± 0.02 μg/kg in phase 1 and 292.88 ± 0.05 μg/kg in phase 2, with an interaction index of 0.29 and 0.09, respectively. These data allow concluding that the interaction derived from the joint administration of EUG and DFC, in the rodent at a local level, is synergistic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amaury Pozos-Guillén
- Basic Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, San Luis Potosi University, San Luis Potosi, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ponce-Peña
- Pharmacognosy Laboratory, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Juárez University of Durango State, Durango, Mexico
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Baron EP. Medicinal Properties of Cannabinoids, Terpenes, and Flavonoids in Cannabis, and Benefits in Migraine, Headache, and Pain: An Update on Current Evidence and Cannabis Science. Headache 2019; 58:1139-1186. [PMID: 30152161 DOI: 10.1111/head.13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comprehensive literature reviews of historical perspectives and evidence supporting cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of pain, including migraine and headache, with associated neurobiological mechanisms of pain modulation have been well described. Most of the existing literature reports on the cannabinoids Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), or cannabis in general. There are many cannabis strains that vary widely in the composition of cannabinoids, terpenes, flavonoids, and other compounds. These components work synergistically to produce wide variations in benefits, side effects, and strain characteristics. Knowledge of the individual medicinal properties of the cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids is necessary to cross-breed strains to obtain optimal standardized synergistic compositions. This will enable targeting individual symptoms and/or diseases, including migraine, headache, and pain. OBJECTIVE Review the medical literature for the use of cannabis/cannabinoids in the treatment of migraine, headache, facial pain, and other chronic pain syndromes, and for supporting evidence of a potential role in combatting the opioid epidemic. Review the medical literature involving major and minor cannabinoids, primary and secondary terpenes, and flavonoids that underlie the synergistic entourage effects of cannabis. Summarize the individual medicinal benefits of these substances, including analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. CONCLUSION There is accumulating evidence for various therapeutic benefits of cannabis/cannabinoids, especially in the treatment of pain, which may also apply to the treatment of migraine and headache. There is also supporting evidence that cannabis may assist in opioid detoxification and weaning, thus making it a potential weapon in battling the opioid epidemic. Cannabis science is a rapidly evolving medical sector and industry with increasingly regulated production standards. Further research is anticipated to optimize breeding of strain-specific synergistic ratios of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other phytochemicals for predictable user effects, characteristics, and improved symptom and disease-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Baron
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurological Restoration - Headache and Chronic Pain Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Neurological Institute, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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Pergher D, Picolotto A, Rosales PF, Machado KG, Cerbaro AF, França RT, Salvador M, Roesch-Ely M, Tasso L, Figueiredo JG, Moura S. Antinociceptive and antioxidant effects of extract enriched with active indole alkaloids from leaves of Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 239:111863. [PMID: 30974203 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.111863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ethnopharmacological knowledge is important for the identification of active compounds from natural products. Pain may have different aetiologies with complex mechanisms. Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. is well known for indole alkaloids, being used empirically in folk medicine, with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory as well as antiofidic actions among others. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aims to evaluate the antinociceptive and antioxidant effect in mice of the alkaloids extract from leaves of Tabernaemontana catharinensis A. DC. (AITc). MATERIALS AND METHODS The AITc was produced by ultrasound and acid-base extraction, and the chemical composition was evaluated by high resolution mass spectrometry. Male mice (Mus musculus), Swiss, were used for in vivo tests. The AITc was administrated at doses of 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/kg in acetic acid model, formalin, tail-immersion, hot plate, and open field tests, and compared to saline, morphine, or diazepam controls, depending on the test. The toxicological, biochemical, haemogram and antioxidant effect were evaluated in mouse organs such as liver, brain, kidneys, spleen and stomach. RESULTS In total, 10 compounds were identified in the AITc, being from the indole alkaloids from the ibogan and corynanthean classes. The extract in doses ranging from 5.0 to 10.0 mg/kg showed an antinociceptive effect for acetic acid, inhibiting by 47.7% and 61.6%. In the same line, reductions of 47.1% (first phase) and 43.6% (second phase) were observed for the 5.0 mg/kg dose in the formalin test. However, tail-immersion and hot plate tests did not show considerable modifications in the latency period, while in the open field test there was an inhibition of only 5.1%. It was observed no differences in NO levels and total antioxidant status of the mice in any of the studie tissues. CONCLUSIONS The results justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine. in vivo tests indicate that these compounds possess central and peripheral mechanisms of action. This is study that reports the nociceptive action of these alkaloids, also including toxicity tests, which are intended to guarantee the safety of use of extracts of this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dáfiner Pergher
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Picolotto
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pauline Fagundes Rosales
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Keilla Gomes Machado
- Laboratory of Genomics, Proteomics and DNA Repair, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirian Salvador
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariana Roesch-Ely
- Laboratory of Genomics, Proteomics and DNA Repair, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Leandro Tasso
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jozi Godoy Figueiredo
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products, University of Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
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Salvia mellifera-How Does It Alleviate Chronic Pain? MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:medicines6010018. [PMID: 30678334 PMCID: PMC6473501 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Black sage, Salvia mellifera, can be made into a sun tea that is used as a foot soak to treat pain patients. The monoterpenoids and diterpenoids in the preparation penetrate the skin of the feet and stop the pain chemokine cycle, which may be the basis of chronic pain. Several chronic pain patients have reported long-term improvements in their pain after treatment with the preparation.
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Adams JD. The Effects of Yin, Yang and Qi in the Skin on Pain. MEDICINES 2016; 3:medicines3010005. [PMID: 28930115 PMCID: PMC5456231 DOI: 10.3390/medicines3010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The most effective and safe treatment site for pain is in the skin. This chapter discusses the reasons to treat pain in the skin. Pain is sensed in the skin through transient receptor potential cation channels and other receptors. These receptors have endogenous agonists (yang) and antagonists (yin) that help the body control pain. Acupuncture works through modulation of these receptor activities (qi) in the skin; as do moxibustion and liniments. The treatment of pain in the skin has the potential to save many lives and improve pain therapy in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- James David Adams
- University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-9121, USA.
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