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Chary PS, Shaikh S, Rajana N, Bhavana V, Mehra NK. Unlocking nature's arsenal: Nanotechnology for targeted delivery of venom toxins in cancer therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 162:213903. [PMID: 38824828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present review is to shed light on the nanotechnological approaches adopted to overcome the shortcomings associated with the delivery of venom peptides which possess inherent anti-cancer properties. BACKGROUND Venom peptides although have been reported to demonstrate anti-cancer effects, they suffer from several disadvantages such as in vivo instability, off-target adverse effects, limited drug loading and low bioavailability. This review presents a comprehensive compilation of different classes of nanocarriers while underscoring their advantages, disadvantages and potential to carry such peptide molecules for in vivo delivery. It also discusses various nanotechnological aspects such as methods of fabrication, analytical tools to assess these nanoparticulate formulations, modulation of nanocarrier polymer properties to enhance loading capacity, stability and improve their suitability to carry toxic peptide drugs. CONCLUSION Nanotechnological approaches bear great potential in delivering venom peptide-based molecules as anticancer agents by enhancing their bioavailability, stability, efficacy as well as offering a spatiotemporal delivery approach. However, the challenges associated with toxicity and biocompatibility of nanocarriers must be duly addressed. PERSPECTIVES The everlasting quest for new breakthroughs for safer delivery of venom peptides in human subjects is fuelled by unmet clinical needs in the current landscape of chemotherapy. In addition, exhaustive efforts are required in obtaining and purifying the venom peptides followed by designing and optimizing scale up technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padakanti Sandeep Chary
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Samia Shaikh
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Naveen Rajana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Valamla Bhavana
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neelesh Kumar Mehra
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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Doupnik CA, Luer CA, Walsh CJ, Restivo J, Brick JX. Bioactive Properties of Venoms Isolated from Whiptail Stingrays and the Search for Molecular Mechanisms and Targets. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:488. [PMID: 38675448 PMCID: PMC11053709 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The venom-containing barb attached to their 'whip-like' tail provides stingrays a defensive mechanism for evading predators such as sharks. From human encounters, dermal stingray envenomation is characterized by intense pain often followed by tissue necrosis occurring over several days to weeks. The bioactive components in stingray venoms (SRVs) and their molecular targets and mechanisms that mediate these complex responses are not well understood. Given the utility of venom-derived proteins from other venomous species for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications, we set out to characterize the bioactivity of SRV extracts from three local species that belong to the Dasyatoidea 'whiptail' superfamily. Multiple cell-based assays were used to quantify and compare the in vitro effects of these SRVs on different cell lines. All three SRVs demonstrated concentration-dependent growth-inhibitory effects on three different human cell lines tested. In contrast, a mouse fibrosarcoma cell line was markedly resistant to all three SRVs, indicating the molecular target(s) for mediating the SRV effects are not expressed on these cells. The multifunctional SRV responses were characterized by an acute disruption of cell adhesion leading to apoptosis. These findings aim to guide future investigations of individual SRV proteins and their molecular targets for potential use in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. Doupnik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Carl A. Luer
- Marine Biomedical Research Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA;
| | - Catherine J. Walsh
- Marine Immunology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA; (C.J.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Restivo
- Marine Immunology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA; (C.J.W.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacqueline Xinlan Brick
- Department of Biology, College of Arts & Sciences, Oberlin College and Conservatory, Oberlin, OH 44074, USA;
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Abdallah S, Abdel-Halim KY, Alm-Eldeen A. Anticancer potency of Egyptian venom snakes on MCF-7 and HepG2 carcinoma cells. Environ Anal Health Toxicol 2024; 39:e2024001-0. [PMID: 38631393 PMCID: PMC11079407 DOI: 10.5620/eaht.2024001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast and hepatic cancers are the leading incidences in the globe occurring of the human sufferings from various cancers. Snake venoms have been reported to provide effective therapeutic agents. The current study investigates the anticancer potency of Egyptian venoms snakes on two cells: breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and hepato-cancer cells (HepG2) (In vitro assay). The examined venoms were more potent on MCF-7 than HepG2 cells. Their inhibition % on MCF-7 ranged from 71.47 to 99.02% with medium inhibition concentrations (IC50s): 3.48, 3.60, 3.70, 4.33, and 4.49 μg/ml for venoms: Echis pyramid (E.H), Cerastes vipera (C.V), Naja haje (N.H), Echis coloratus (E.C), and Cerastes cerastes (C.C), respectively. The values of IC50s on HepG2 were 4.32, 17.77, 59.72, 63.75, and 217.90 μg/ml for toxins: E.C, E.P, C.V, C.C, and N.H, respectively. Some biomarkers were conducted to investigate the apoptotic effects of toxins into the cells. Increasing profiles of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and levels of glutathione content (GSH) and malodialdhyde (MDA) as well as repairment of DNA indicated such these actions. So, more reliable investigations on these venoms were needed to provide intelligent therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Abdallah
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Khaled Y. Abdel-Halim
- Mammalian & Aquatic Toxicology Department, Central Agricultural Pesticides Laboratory (CAPL), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Abeer Alm-Eldeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Silva TL, Lopes CS, Silva MC, Ferreira FB, Barros HLS, Silva MF, Silva NM, Oliveira F, Mineo TWP, Mineo JR. Ileal inflammation is reduced due to treatment with a metalloprotease from BmooMP-α-I snake venom in an experimental model of Toxoplasma gondii infection. Parasitol Res 2023; 123:65. [PMID: 38133827 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-08033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The selection process for advanced therapies in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) must prioritize safety, especially when considering new biologic agents or oral molecule modulators. In C57BL/6 mice, oral infection with Toxoplasma gondii induces intestinal inflammation through excessive tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production, making TNF neutralization a potential therapeutic intervention. Considering this, the present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of BmooMP-α-I, a snake venom metalloprotease isolated from Bothrops moojeni, which could promote TNF hydrolysis, in treating T. gondii-induced ileitis. The results showed that C57BL/6 mice orally infected with 50 cysts of T. gondii from the Me49 strain and treated with BmooMP-α-I exhibited prolonged survival and improved morbidity scores. Additionally, the treatment ameliorated both the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of the intestine, reduced macrophage influx, and decreased the production of inflammatory mediators by mesenteric lymph node cells. These findings provide compelling experimental evidence supporting the ability of BmooMP-α-I to alleviate ileal inflammation. Considering that the currently available therapeutic protocols are not completely effective and often result in side effects, the exploration of alternative strategies involving novel therapeutic agents, as demonstrated in this study, has the potential to significantly enhance the quality of life for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamires Lopes Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Carolina Salomão Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Maraisa Cristina Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flávia Batista Ferreira
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Heber Leão Silva Barros
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Silva
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Neide Maria Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fabio Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Nano-Biopharmaceutical (N-Biofar), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Tiago Wilson Patriarca Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Mineo
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology "Dr. Mario Endsfeldz Camargo", Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Rodríguez-Vargas A, Franco-Vásquez AM, Bolívar-Barbosa JA, Vega N, Reyes-Montaño E, Arreguín-Espinosa R, Carbajal-Saucedo A, Angarita-Sierra T, Ruiz-Gómez F. Unveiling the Venom Composition of the Colombian Coral Snakes Micrurus helleri, M. medemi, and M. sangilensis. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:622. [PMID: 37999485 PMCID: PMC10674450 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15110622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the biochemical composition and functional features of the venoms of poorly known Colombian coral snakes. Here, we provide a preliminary characterization of the venom of two Colombian endemic coral snake species, Micrurus medemi and M. sangilensis, as well as Colombian populations of M. helleri. Electrophoresis and RP-HPLC techniques were used to identify venom components, and assays were conducted to detect enzyme activities, including phospholipase A2, hyaluronidase, and protease activities. The median lethal dose was determined using murine models. Cytotoxic activities in primary cultures from hippocampal neurons and cancer cell lines were evaluated. The venom profiles revealed similarities in electrophoretic separation among proteins under 20 kDa. The differences in chromatographic profiles were significant, mainly between the fractions containing medium-/large-sized and hydrophobic proteins; this was corroborated by a proteomic analysis which showed the expected composition of neurotoxins from the PLA2 (~38%) and 3FTx (~17%) families; however, a considerable quantity of metalloproteinases (~12%) was detected. PLA2 activity and protease activity were higher in M. helleri venom according to qualitative and quantitative assays. M. medemi venom had the highest lethality. All venoms decreased cell viability when tested on tumoral cell cultures, and M. helleri venom had the highest activity in neuronal primary culture. These preliminary studies shed light on the venoms of understudied coral snakes and broaden the range of sources that could be used for subsequent investigations of components with applications to specific diseases. Our findings also have implications for the clinical manifestations of snake envenoming and improvements in its medical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadna Rodríguez-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación en Proteínas, Departamento de Química, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia (N.V.); (E.R.-M.)
- Grupo de Investigación en Animales Ponzoñosos y sus Venenos, Dirección de Producción, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (T.A.-S.); (F.R.-G.)
| | - Adrián Marcelo Franco-Vásquez
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico (R.A.-E.)
| | - Janeth Alejandra Bolívar-Barbosa
- Grupo de Investigación en Proteínas, Departamento de Química, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia (N.V.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Nohora Vega
- Grupo de Investigación en Proteínas, Departamento de Química, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia (N.V.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Edgar Reyes-Montaño
- Grupo de Investigación en Proteínas, Departamento de Química, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia (N.V.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Roberto Arreguín-Espinosa
- Departamento de Química de Biomacromoléculas, Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico (R.A.-E.)
| | - Alejandro Carbajal-Saucedo
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66450, Mexico;
| | - Teddy Angarita-Sierra
- Grupo de Investigación en Animales Ponzoñosos y sus Venenos, Dirección de Producción, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (T.A.-S.); (F.R.-G.)
- Grupo de investigación Biodiversidad para la Sociedad, Escuela de pregrados, Dirección Académica, Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede de La Paz, Cesar 22010, Colombia
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Gómez
- Grupo de Investigación en Animales Ponzoñosos y sus Venenos, Dirección de Producción, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (T.A.-S.); (F.R.-G.)
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Soliman NS, Kandeil MA, Khalaf MM. "Cerastes snake venom as a promising approach in the management of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats: Involvement of RANKL and JAK/STAT pathway". JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 314:116577. [PMID: 37178980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerastes cerastes is a snake found mainly in the Egyptian desert. Many studies were performed to explain the possible snake venom's pharmacological therapeutic effect in different autoimmune diseases. One of the most common auto-immune diseases is rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by a high release of pro-inflammatory and immune-modulatory cytokines. The reduction of these markers can indicate how effective is the administered drug. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to explore the potential pharmacological effects of cerastes venom in experimentally-induced RA in rats using Complete Freund's adjuvant - via different mechanisms - by assessing various tissue and serum parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were assigned to negative control group, cerastes control group, positive control group, dexamethasone-treated group, infliximab-treated group, and cerastes-treated group. The study ended on the 20th day when serum and tissue samples were prepared for further evaluation of reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, rheumatoid factor, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells as well as relative expression of phosphorylated Janus-kinase, phosphorylated signal transducers and activators of transcription, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and receptor activator of nuclear factor Kappa-B ligand. In addition, a histopathological examination of different groups' knees joints, and spleen was done. RESULTS The results showed a significant improvement of arthritis induced in the cerastes-treated group in contrast to the positive control group in all assessed parameters. In addition, significant improvement of arthritis was observed in the histopathological examination of different groups' knees joints, and spleen. CONCLUSION These results revealed that cerastes snake venom has potent anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects and can be used in the management of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed A Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Egypt.
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The Cytotoxic Effects of Partially Purified Cytotoxic Peptides of Naja naja Oxiana Venom on Human Glioblastoma Multiforme: An in vitro Study. Int J Pept Res Ther 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-022-10479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Alves BFA, Ferreira RS. Antineoplastic properties and pharmacological applications of Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:S0037-86822022000100207. [PMID: 36542014 PMCID: PMC9757715 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0323-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Snake toxins are widely studied owing to their importance in snakebite accidents, a serious public health issue in tropical countries, and their broad therapeutic potential. Isolated fractions from venom produced by snakes of the genus Crotalus sp. present a wide variety of pharmacological uses such as antifungal, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor properties, among other therapeutic potentialities. Given the direct effect of this venom on tumor cells, isolation of its compounds is important for the characterization of its anticarcinogenic actions. Crotalus durissus terrificus venom and its toxins have been widely evaluated as potential candidates for the development of new antineoplastic therapies that are efficient against different tumor lines and cellular targets. This review highlights the venom toxins of this species, with a focus on their antineoplastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São
Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Teodoro A, Gonçalves FJ, Oliveira H, Marques S. Venom of Viperidae: A Perspective of its Antibacterial and Antitumor
Potential. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:126-144. [DOI: 10.2174/1389450122666210811164517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
:
The emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria and limitations on cancer treatment represent
two important challenges in modern medicine. Biological compounds have been explored with
a particular focus on venoms. Although they can be lethal or cause considerable damage to humans,
venom is also a source rich in components with high therapeutic potential.
:
Viperidae family is one of the most emblematic venomous snake families and several studies highlighted
the antibacterial and antitumor potential of viper toxins. According to the literature, these
activities are mainly associated to five protein families - svLAAO, Disintegrins, PLA2, SVMPs and
C-type lectins- that act through different mechanisms leading to the inhibition of the growth of bacteria,
as well as, cytotoxic effects and inhibition of metastasis process. In this review, we provide
an overview of the venom toxins produced by species belonging to the Viperidae family, exploring
their roles during the envenoming and their pharmacological properties, in order to demonstrate its
antibacterial and antitumor potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Teodoro
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Fernando J.M. Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Oliveira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Marques
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM- Centre for Environmental and
Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Liu Y, Zhang XH, Yu Y, Chen HX, Zhou YL, Zhang XX. Snake venom characteristic peptides: novel fingerprints for species identification by sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Analyst 2020; 145:5027-5031. [PMID: 32525167 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00461h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Snake venom is a complex mixture mainly consisting of proteins and peptides which varies with different species. These variations lead to different toxic mechanisms and different anti-venom serums for treatment and the determination of their use as drugs. Hence, it is important to develop a sensitive and reliable method to identify the species of snakes from venoms. Herein, we present a novel strategy based on the sheathless capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CESI-MS) system to characterize snake venom proteins. Through the determination of peptides, we found the characteristic peptides of 8 different snakes with high sensitivity (1 μg mL-1) and high selectivity, which provided a reliable method for the species identification and purity detection of snake venom samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Snake Venoms in Drug Discovery: Valuable Therapeutic Tools for Life Saving. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11100564. [PMID: 31557973 PMCID: PMC6832721 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11100564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal venoms are used as defense mechanisms or to immobilize and digest prey. In fact, venoms are complex mixtures of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components with specific pathophysiological functions. Peptide toxins isolated from animal venoms target mainly ion channels, membrane receptors and components of the hemostatic system with high selectivity and affinity. The present review shows an up-to-date survey on the pharmacology of snake-venom bioactive components and evaluates their therapeutic perspectives against a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. Snake venoms have also been used as medical tools for thousands of years especially in tradition Chinese medicine. Consequently, snake venoms can be considered as mini-drug libraries in which each drug is pharmacologically active. However, less than 0.01% of these toxins have been identified and characterized. For instance, Captopril® (Enalapril), Integrilin® (Eptifibatide) and Aggrastat® (Tirofiban) are drugs based on snake venoms, which have been approved by the FDA. In addition to these approved drugs, many other snake venom components are now involved in preclinical or clinical trials for a variety of therapeutic applications. These examples show that snake venoms can be a valuable source of new principle components in drug discovery.
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Abstract
Abstract
Snake venoms are aqueous solutions containing peptides and proteins with various biochemical, physiological, and pathophysiological effects. Several snake venom components are used as lead molecules in the development of new active substances for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, clotting disorders, cancer or pain.
Antibacterial activity has also been attributed to snake venoms and proteins isolated from snake venoms. This study provides information regarding the antibacterial activity of venoms obtained from various snake species from the Elapidae and Viperidae families. Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of snake venoms were determined for three Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300) and three Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 13883, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) pathogenic bacteria. The observed effects were correlated with the protein content of each venom, determined using SDS-PAGE analysis and comparison with data available in the literature. Our findings represent a starting point for the selection of snake venoms containing components with potential use as lead molecules in the development of new antibacterial agents, targeting multidrug resistant bacterial strains.
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13
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Ameliorative effects of snake (Deinagkistrodon acutus) oil and its main fatty acids against UVB-induced skin photodamage in mice. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 197:111538. [PMID: 31247385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The effects of topically administered snake (Deinagkistrodon acutus) oil and its main fatty acid components on skin photodamage were explored. Epidermal thickness, mice body weight, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase), inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6), skin histology, collagen content, and metalloproteinase-1 indicators were analyzed. The results show that topical application of both snake oil and its main fatty acids recovered ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induced antioxidant enzymes depletion, prevented metalloproteinase-1. Snake oil and its main fatty acids suppressed dermal infiltration of inflammatory cells and reduced inflammatory cytokines levels. Notably, there was no significant difference in the antioxidant activity but a significant difference in the anti-inflammatory activity between fatty acids and snake oil under the same dose. Finally, snake oil and its main fatty acids inhibited UVB-induced histological damage such as epidermal thickening, collagen fiber and elastic fiber destruction. Our study demonstrated for the first time in KM mice that snake oil exhibited prominent photoprotection activity by protecting the activity of antioxidant enzymes and inhibiting inflammatory factors, as well as reducing the generation of MMP-1. What's more, the main fatty acids in snake oil play an important role in preventing photo-damage especially in protecting antioxidant enzyme activity.
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Zainal Abidin SA, Lee YQ, Othman I, Naidu R. Malaysian Cobra Venom: A Potential Source of Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Agents. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11020075. [PMID: 30717096 PMCID: PMC6409816 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a deadly disease and there is an urgent need for the development of effective and safe therapeutic agents to treat it. Snake venom is a complex mixture of bioactive proteins that represents an attractive source of novel and naturally-derived anticancer agents. Malaysia is one of the world’s most biodiverse countries and is home to various venomous snake species, including cobras. Naja kaouthia, Naja sumatrana, and Ophiophagus hannah are three of the most common cobra species in Malaysia and are of medical importance. Over the past decades, snake venom has been identified as a potential source of therapeutic agents, including anti-cancer agents. This present review highlights the potential anticancer activity of the venom and purified venom protein of N. kaouthia, N. sumatrana, and O. hannah. In conclusion, this review highlights the important role of the venom from Malaysian cobras as an important resource that researchers can exploit to further investigate its potential in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Yee Qian Lee
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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15
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Biswas B, Sundaram EN, Jhansi S, Patel S, Khurana A, Manchanda R. A review on animal-based homoeopathic drugs and their applications in biomedicine. INDIAN JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN HOMOEOPATHY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/ijrh.ijrh_20_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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16
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Pan Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Lu Q, Su D, Zuo Y, Yang L. Analysis and prediction of animal toxins by various Chou's pseudo components and reduced amino acid compositions. J Theor Biol 2018; 462:221-229. [PMID: 30452961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The animal toxin proteins are one of the disulfide rich small peptides that detected in venomous species. They are used as pharmacological tools and therapeutic agents in medicine for the high specificity of their targets. The successful analysis and prediction of toxin proteins may have important signification for the pharmacological and therapeutic researches of toxins. In this study, significant differences were found between the toxins and the non-toxins in amino acid compositions and several important biological properties. The random forest was firstly proposed to predict the animal toxin proteins by selecting 400 pseudo amino acid compositions and the dipeptide compositions of reduced amino acid alphabet as the input parameters. Based on dipeptide composition of reduced amino acid alphabet with 13 reduced amino acids, the best overall accuracy of 85.71% was obtained. These results indicated that our algorithm was an efficient tool for the animal toxin prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qianzi Lu
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Dongqing Su
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yongchun Zuo
- The State key Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock, College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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17
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The toxin BjussuLAAO-II induces oxidative stress and DNA damage, upregulates the inflammatory cytokine genes TNF and IL6, and downregulates the apoptotic-related genes BAX, BCL2 and RELA in human Caco-2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:212-219. [PMID: 29222016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in adults. As chemotherapy, the first-choice treatment for colorectal carcinoma, is often infeasible due to acquired tumor resistance and several adverse effects, it is important to discover and explore new molecules with better therapeutic action. Snake venom toxins have shown promising results with high cytotoxicity against tumor cells, but their mechanisms of action remain unclear. Here we examined how BjussuLAAO-II, an L-amino acid oxidase isolated from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom, exerts cytotoxicity towards colorectal adenocarcinoma human cells (Caco-2) and human umbilical vein endothelial cell line (HUVEC). A 24-h treatment with BjussuLAAO-II at 0.25 - 5.00 μg/mL diminished cell viability by decreasing (i) mitochondrial activity, assessed by reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide and resazurin; (ii) the activity of acid phosphatases; and (iii) lysosomal function, assessed by neutral red uptake. BjussuLAAO-II also increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and DNA damage, as assessed by fluorescence and the comet assay, respectively. BjussuLAAO-II altered the expression of cell proliferation-related genes, as determined by RT-qPCR: it elevated the expression of the inflammatory cytokine genes TNF and IL6, and lowered the expression of the apoptotic-related genes BAX, BCL2, and RELA. Therefore, BjussuLAAO-II induces Caco-2 cells death by acting on multiple intracellular targets, providing important data for further studies to assess whether these effects are seen in both tumor and normal cells, with the aim of selecting this drug for possible therapeutic purposes in the future.
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18
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Kpaibe AP, Ben-Ameur R, Coussot G, Ladner Y, Montels J, Ake M, Perrin C. Evaluation of capillary zone electrophoresis for the quality control of complex biologic samples: Application to snake venoms. Electrophoresis 2017; 38:2050-2059. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- André P.S. Kpaibe
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Montpellier France
- Département de Chimie Analytique, Bromatologie, Chimie Minérale et Chimie Générale; Université Felix Houphouët Boigny - UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Randa Ben-Ameur
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Montpellier France
| | - Gaëlle Coussot
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Montpellier France
| | - Yoann Ladner
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Montpellier France
| | - Jérôme Montels
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Montpellier France
| | - Michèle Ake
- Département de Chimie Analytique, Bromatologie, Chimie Minérale et Chimie Générale; Université Felix Houphouët Boigny - UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques; Abidjan Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Catherine Perrin
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM); UMR 5247-CNRS-UM-ENSCM; Montpellier France
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19
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Rukhlenko OS, Guria GT, Vorobiev AI. On the chemotherapeutic agents localization in tissue by means of snake venoms. Med Hypotheses 2017; 104:89-92. [PMID: 28673600 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of anti-tumour drug strongly depends on its dose. Higher drug doses and exposure times usually result in better treatment. It is why the implementation of high-dose treatment is always attractive. However, most of the drug delivery techniques meet essential limitations. In isolated regional perfusion a tumour can be exposed to high-dose therapeutic influence but the target organ may be isolated from the rest of circulatory system only for a relatively short period of time. During systemic injection of anti-tumour agents dose limitations are dictated by side toxicity danger. Viperidae venoms are known to cause local stagnation of blood flow and blood-tissue exchange processes in the place of snakebite. In present paper we suggest to use Viperidae snake venoms in addition to anti-tumour drugs for regional anti-cancer therapy. We suppose that Viperidae venoms will assist in drug localization. We state that their usage will help in high-dosage therapy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksii S Rukhlenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Ireland; Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Georgy Th Guria
- National Research Center for Hematology, Moscow, Russia; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
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20
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Nalbantsoy A, Hempel BF, Petras D, Heiss P, Göçmen B, Iğci N, Yildiz MZ, Süssmuth RD. Combined venom profiling and cytotoxicity screening of the Radde's mountain viper (Montivipera raddei) and Mount Bulgar Viper (Montivipera bulgardaghica) with potent cytotoxicity against human A549 lung carcinoma cells. Toxicon 2017. [PMID: 28625888 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the first characterization of the endemic Mount Bulgar Viper (Montivipera bulgardaghica) and Radde's mountain viper (Montivipera raddei) venom by a combined approach using intact mass profiling and bottom-up proteomics. The cytotoxicity screening of crude venom as well as isolated serine proteases revealed a high activity against A549 human lung carcinoma cells. By means of intact mass profiling of native and reduced venom we observed basic and acidic phospholipases type A2. Moreover, the analysis revealed snake venom metalloproteases, cysteine-rich secretory proteins, disintegrins, snake venom serine proteases, C-type lectins, a vascular endothelial growth factor and an L-amino acid oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Nalbantsoy
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Benjamin-Florian Hempel
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Petras
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany; University of California - San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, PSB 4231, 9500, Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul Heiss
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bayram Göçmen
- Zoology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nasit Iğci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, Nevşehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Zülfü Yildiz
- Zoology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Roderich D Süssmuth
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Chemie, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Seydi E, Babaei S, Fakhri A, Pourahmad J. Selective toxicity of Caspian cobra ( Naja oxiana ) venom on liver cancer cell mitochondria. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Carrasco PA, Venegas PJ, Chaparro JC, Scrocchi GJ. Nomenclatural instability in the venomous snakes of the Bothrops complex: Implications in toxinology and public health. Toxicon 2016; 119:122-8. [PMID: 27242040 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since nomenclature is intended to reflect the evolutionary history of organisms, advances in our understanding of historical relationships may lead to changes in classification, and thus potentially in taxonomic instability. An unstable nomenclature for medically important animals like venomous snakes is of concern, and its implications in venom/antivenom research and snakebite treatment have been extensively discussed since the 90´s. The taxonomy of the pitvipers of the Bothrops complex has been historically problematic and different genus-level rearrangements were proposed to rectify the long-standing paraphyly of the group. Here we review the toxinological literature on the Bothrops complex to estimate the impact of recent proposals of classification in non-systematic research. This assessment revealed moderate levels of nomenclatural instability in the last five years, and the recurrence of some practices discussed in previous studies regarding the use of classifications and the information provided about the origin of venom samples. We briefly comment on a few examples and the implications of different proposals of classifications for the Bothrops complex. The aim of this review is to contribute to the reduction of adverse effects of current taxonomic instability in a group of medical importance in the Americas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Andrea Carrasco
- Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal (IDEA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Rondeau 798, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Javier Venegas
- División de Herpetología, Centro de Ornitología y Biodiversidad (CORBIDI), Santa Rita, 10536, Of. 202, Huertos de San Antonio, Surco, Lima, Perú
| | - Juan Carlos Chaparro
- Departamento de Herpetología del Museo de Historia Natural del Cusco, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Plaza de Armas del Cusco s/n, Cusco, Perú
| | - Gustavo José Scrocchi
- CONICET and Instituto de Herpetología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000 San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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23
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A brief update on potential molecular mechanisms underlying antimicrobial and wound-healing potency of snake venom molecules. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 115:1-9. [PMID: 26975619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. A wide range of diverse, novel classes of natural antibiotics have been isolated from different snake species in the recent past. Snake venoms contain diverse groups of proteins with potent antibacterial activity against a wide range of human pathogens. Some snake venom molecules are pharmacologically attractive, as they possess promising broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Furthermore, snake venom proteins (SVPs)/peptides also bind to integrins with high affinity, thereby inhibiting cell adhesion and accelerating wound healing in animal models. Thus, SVPs are a potential alternative to chemical antibiotics. The mode of action for many antibacterial peptides involves pore formation and disruption of the plasma membrane. This activity often includes modulation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation during skin wound healing. The NF-κB pathway negatively regulates the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1/Smad pathway by inducing the expression of Smad7 and eventually reducing in vivo collagen production at the wound sites. In this context, SVPs that regulate the NF-κB signaling pathway may serve as potential targets for drug development.
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