Evaluation of anticonvulsant activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Mussaenda philippica on animals

In vitro and in silico docking and molecular dynamic of antimicrobial activities, alpha-glucosidase, and anti-inflammatory activity of compounds from the aerial parts of Mussaenda saigonensis

Twelve compounds were isolated from Mussaenda saigonensis aerial parts through phytochemical analysis and the genus Mussaenda is the first place where the compounds 4-6 and 11-12 have been found. Based on the ability to inhibit NO production in RAW264.7 cells, compound 2 has demonstrated the strongest anti-inflammatory activity in vitro with an IC50 of 7.6 μM, as opposed to L-NMMA's IC50 of 41.3 μM. Compound 12 was found to be the most effective inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase enzyme in vitro, with an IC50 value of 42.4 μM (compared to 168 μM for acarbose). Compounds 1-12 were evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity using the paper dish method. Compound 11 demonstrated strong antifungal activity against M. gypseum with a MIC value of 50 μM. In silico docking for antimicrobial activity, pose 90 or compound 11 docked well to the 2VF5 enzyme, PDB, which explains why compound 11 had the highest activity in vitro. Entry 2/pose 280 demonstrated excellent anti-inflammatory activity in silico. The stability of the complex between pose 280 and the 4WCU enzyme for anti-inflammatory activity has been assessed using molecular dynamics over a simulation course ranging from 0 to 100 ns. It has been found to be stable from 60 and 100 ns. The Tyr 159 (95%, H-bond via water bridge), Asp 318 (200%, multiple contacts), Met 273 (75%, hydrophobic interaction via water bridge), and Gln 369 (75%, H-bond via water bridge) interacted well within the time range of 0 to 100 ns. It has more hydrophilic or polar pharmacokinetics.

Anticonvulsant Activity of Hydro Alcoholic Extract and Solvent Fractions of Biophytum umbraculum Welw. Syn (Oxalidaceae) Root in Mice

Background

Scientists and researchers continue to focus on medicinal plants as a potential source of lead chemicals in the search for and development of new antiepileptic medicines. Biophytum umbraculum Welw. Syn is used to treat epilepsy in Ethiopian traditional medicine. The anticonvulsant effect of Biophytum umbraculum Welw. Syn hydroalcoholic extract and solvent fractions was evaluated in this study since the claim has not been thoroughly explored.

Methods

The plant’s root was extracted using the maceration procedure, with aqueous, butanol, and chloroform as solvents. The maximum electroshock and pentylenetetrazol model tests were used to assess anticonvulsant activity. Mice were divided into five groups (n = 6) at random. The test groups received 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract and solvent fraction, respectively. For the maximum electric shock test, the positive control groups received 25 mg/kg phenytoin and 200 mg/kg valproate for the pentylenetetrazol test. The negative control was given 10 mL/kg of pure water or 2% Tween 80.

Results

There were no signs of toxicity in the hydroalcoholic extract or solvent extraction. When compared to the negative control, the hydro-alcoholic extract had a significant anticonvulsant effect in both the maximum electric shock test and the pentylenetetrazol test. In both cases, the butanol component had a comparable impact. In the pentylenetetrazol test, the chloroform fraction had a significant anticonvulsant effect when compared to the control at dosages of MB200 and MB400. Flavonoids, phenols, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins were found in both the hydroalcoholic and solvent fractions of the plant extract.

Conclusion

The plant appears to have promising anticonvulsant properties, and it might be used to generate novel anti-epileptic drugs, according to this study.

Recurvataside, a new saponin from aerial parts of Mussaenda recurvata

A new glycoside, recurvataside (1) and six known compounds, quinovic acid (2), quinovic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylquinovic acid (4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylquinovic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl ester (5), pomolic acid (6), and ursolic acid (7) were isolated from aerial parts of Mussaenda recurvata. The structure of compound 1 was identified from its spectroscopic data and by comparison with the literature. Recurvataside represents the first occurrence of δ-oleanolic acid saponin bearing two D-glucose units at C-3 and C-28 in nature. This is the first time δ-oleanane-type saponin reported in the genus Mussaenda. Compounds 1-7 were evaluated the cytotoxicity against two cancer cell lines MCF-7 and HepG2. Among them, only compound 7 exhibited moderate activity against MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines with IC₅₀ value of 16.97 ± 1.55 and 20.28 ± 1.00 μM, respectively. Compounds 1-7 were also tested for their inhibitory NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Compounds 3, 5, and 7 showed significant reduction of nitrite accumulation in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with the IC₅₀ values of 8.81 ± 0.48, 13.42 ± 0.84, and 18.37 ± 0.67 μM, respectively.