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Russell FM, Chokephaibulkit K. Will two doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine be enough? THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 24:449-451. [PMID: 38310907 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona M Russell
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Asia-Pacific Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Licciardi PV, Chokephaibulkit K, Satzke C. Pneumococcal serosurveillance: one piece of the puzzle. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023; 23:1212-1214. [PMID: 37429308 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00297-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Vincent Licciardi
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
- Siriraj Institute of Clinical Research (SICRES), Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Catherine Satzke
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, 3052, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Downs SL, Olwagen CP, Van Der Merwe L, Nzenze SA, Nunes MC, Madhi SA. Streptococcus pneumoniae and other bacterial nasopharyngeal colonization seven years post-introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in South African children. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 134:45-52. [PMID: 37209864 PMCID: PMC10404162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) reduce pneumococcal-associated disease by reducing vaccine-serotype (VT) acquisition in vaccinated children, thereby interrupting VT transmission. The 7-valent-PCV was introduced in the South African immunization program in 2009 (13-valent-PCV since 2011) using a 2+1 schedule (at 6, 14, and 40 weeks of age). We aimed to evaluate temporal changes in VT and non-vaccine-serotype (NVT) colonization after 9 years of childhood PCV immunization in South Africa. METHODS Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from healthy children <60-month-old (n = 571) in 2018 (period-2) and compared with samples (n = 1135) collected during early PCV7-introduction (period-1, 2010-11) in an urban low-income setting (Soweto). Pneumococci were tested for using a multiplex quantitative-polymerase chain reaction serotyping reaction-set. RESULTS Overall pneumococcal colonization in period-2 (49.4%; 282/571) was 27.5% lower than period-1 (68.1%; 773/1135; adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.88). Colonization by VT was reduced by 54.5% in period-2 (18.6%; 106/571) compared with period-1 (40.9%; 465/1135; aOR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.3-0.56). Nevertheless, serotype 19F carriage prevalence was higher (8.1%; 46/571) in period-2 compared with period-1 (6.6%; 75/1135; aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.09-3.56). NVT colonization prevalence was similar in period-2 and period-1 (37.8%; 216/571 and 42.4%; 481/1135). CONCLUSION There remains a high residual prevalence of VT, particularly 19F, colonization nine years post-introduction of PCV in the South African childhood immunization program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Downs
- South Africa Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science/ National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Courtney P Olwagen
- South Africa Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science/ National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lara Van Der Merwe
- South Africa Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science/ National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Susan A Nzenze
- South Africa Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa; Division of Public Health Surveillance and Response, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marta C Nunes
- South Africa Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science/ National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South Africa Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science/ National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa; Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Kwambana-Adams B, Tam PYI. Progress towards reduced-dose pneumococcal vaccine schedules for children in Africa. THE LANCET. CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH 2023; 7:299-301. [PMID: 36934732 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-4642(23)00055-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Kwambana-Adams
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, PO box 30096, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Pui-Ying Iroh Tam
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Research Programme, PO box 30096, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK; Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi.
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