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Xie JK, Caspi A, Harrington H, Houts R, Pietrosimone L, Whitman ET, McKinney LW, Moffitt TE. Adult Physical Function Has Roots in Early Childhood Brain Function: A Five-Decade Cohort Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbae119. [PMID: 39008334 PMCID: PMC11308189 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tests of physical function are often thought to measure functioning that is (1) musculoskeletal, and (2) newly declining in adult life. In contrast, this study aimed to: (1) add to evidence that physical-function tests also measure brain function, and (2) test the novel hypothesis that adult physical function is associated with brain function beginning in early childhood. We investigated early childhood brain function and midlife physical function in the Dunedin Study, a 5-decade longitudinal birth cohort (n = 1,037). METHODS Brain function was measured at age 3 using 5 measures which formed a reliable composite (neurological examination, cognitive and motor tests, and temperament ratings). Physical function was measured at age 45 using 5 measures which formed a reliable composite (gait speed, step-in-place, chair stands, balance, and grip strength). RESULTS Children with worse age-3 brain function had worse midlife physical function as measured by the age-45 composite, even after controlling for childhood socioeconomic status (β: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.30; p < .001). Worse age-3 brain function significantly predicted slower gait speed, fewer steps-in-place and chair-stands, worse balance, and weaker grip strength. DISCUSSION Children with poorer brain function were more likely to have poorer physical-function scores as adults. In addition to indicating recent musculoskeletal decline, physical-function tests may also provide indications of lifelong, integrated brain-body health. By reconceptualizing the meaning of physical-function scores, clinicians can orient the use of physical-function tests in a more holistic approach to health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kathy Xie
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Avshalom Caspi
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - HonaLee Harrington
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Renate Houts
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laura Pietrosimone
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ethan T Whitman
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren W McKinney
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Terrie E Moffitt
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, UK
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Huang ZT, Lai ETC, Luo Y, Woo J. Social determinants of intrinsic capacity: A systematic review of observational studies. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102239. [PMID: 38382677 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization defined healthy ageing as the maintenance of functional ability with ageing. Intrinsic capacity is a measurement of healthy ageing, and can be shaped by social determinants. However, an overall understanding of how multiple social determinants contribute to intrinsic capacity remains unclear. We aim to summarize observational studies investigating the relationships between social determinants and intrinsic capacity among community-dwelling adults. METHODS A systematic search was conducted through Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and CINAHL until August 14, 2023. RESULTS After reviewing 813 articles, we included 21 studies from nine countries in Asia, Europe, and America. Seventeen studies used a cross-sectional design and the others were longitudinal studies. Social determinants related to intrinsic capacity can be classified into five domains, containing socioeconomic status (16, 76.2% of studies), lifestyles (14, 66.7%), psychosocial factors (9, 42.9%), material circumstances (4, 19.0%), and healthcare systems (1, 4.8%). Strong evidence supported that better intrinsic capacity was associated with higher education, higher wealth, more physical activities, no smoking, more social engagement, and being married or partnered. The relationships of intrinsic capacity with dietary patterns and alcohol drinking were contradictory across studies. Research on the associations of working status, housing environments, and healthcare accessibility with intrinsic capacity was insufficient to draw conclusions. CONCLUSION These findings highlight roles of socioeconomic status, lifestyles, and psychosocial factors in improving intrinsic capacity thus promoting healthy ageing. Future research is needed to investigate causal relationships between social determinants and intrinsic capacity, especially material circumstances and healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ting Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Eric T C Lai
- Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yan Luo
- School of Data Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jean Woo
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Institute of Health Equity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Jockey Club Institute of Ageing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Chi X, Liu X, Li C, Jiao W. The impact of chronic disease diagnoses on smoking behavior change and maintenance: Evidence from China. Tob Induc Dis 2024; 22:TID-22-23. [PMID: 38264188 PMCID: PMC10804861 DOI: 10.18332/tid/176947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Managing chronic diseases and tobacco use is a formidable challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) with limited health literacy and access to quality healthcare. This study examines the empirical evidence from China, utilizing quasi-experimental approaches to assess the causal effect of chronic disease diagnoses on smoking behavior. METHODS Employing the diagnosis of chronic disease in the older cohorts of the population as a natural experiment, this study utilizes recent advancements in difference-in-difference estimation methods (CS-DID) to investigate the effect of a diagnosis on smoking behavior. Self-reported new diagnoses of conditions ascertained chronic disease diagnoses. CS-DID was run using the study sample from the 2011 to 2018 waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, comparing results with traditional two-way fixed effects and event-study models. RESULTS The average treatment effect (ATT) of CS-DID is slightly greater than the effects reported using conventional difference-in-difference methods. We found that diagnoses of cancer, heart disease, and stroke reduced smoking rates by 16% (95% CI: -24 - -8), smoking intensity by 0.31 (95% CI: -0.46 - -0.15), and had lasting impacts on smoking cessation behavior (one wave after diagnosis ATT= -0.17; 95% CI: -0.34 - -0.00, two waves after diagnosis ATT= -0.17; 95% CI: -0.37-0.03). A diagnosis of a mild chronic disease, such as hypertension, diabetes, asthma, chronic lung disease, liver disease, or gastric disease, had more negligible and transient effects on smoking behavior. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to enhance smoking cessation in middle-aged and elderly patients with chronic diseases are crucial to improving health outcomes. The 'teachable moment' of chronic disease diagnosis should be seized to provide smoking cessation assistance to achieve the goal of healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Chi
- Department of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xihua Liu
- Department of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cong Li
- Department of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen Jiao
- Department of Economics, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Business Administration, Zibo Vocational Institute, Zibo, China
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Haapanen MJ, Vetrano DL, Mikkola TM, Calderón-Larrañaga A, Dekhtyar S, Kajantie E, Eriksson JG, von Bonsdorff MB. Early growth, stress, and socioeconomic factors as predictors of the rate of multimorbidity accumulation across the life course: a longitudinal birth cohort study. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e56-e65. [PMID: 38103563 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early growth, stress, and socioeconomic factors are associated with future risk of individual chronic diseases. It is uncertain whether they also affect the rate of multimorbidity accumulation later in life. This study aimed to explore whether early life factors are associated with the rate at which chronic diseases are accumulated across older age. METHODS In this national birth cohort study, we studied people born at Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland between Jan 1, 1934, and Dec 31, 1944, who attended child welfare clinics in the city, and were living in Finland in 1971. Individuals who had died or emigrated from Finland before 1987 were excluded, alongside participants without any registry data and who died before the end of the registry follow-up on Dec 31, 2017. Early anthropometry, growth, wartime parental separation, and socioeconomic factors were recorded from birth, child welfare clinic, or school health-care records, and Finnish National Archives. International Classification of Diseases codes of diagnoses for chronic diseases were obtained from the Care Register for Health Care starting from 1987 (when participants were aged 42-53 years) until 2017. Linear mixed models were used to study the association between early-life factors and the rate of change in the number of chronic diseases over 10-year periods. FINDINGS From Jan 1, 1934, to Dec 31, 2017, 11 689 people (6064 [51·9%] men and 5625 [48·1%] women) were included in the study. Individuals born to mothers younger than 25 years (β 0·09; 95% CI 0·06-0·12), mothers with a BMI of 25-30 kg/m2 (0·08; 0·05-0·10), and mothers with a BMI more than 30 kg/m2 (0·26; 0·21-0·31) in late pregnancy accumulated chronic diseases faster than those born to older mothers (25-30 years) and those with a BMI of less than 25 kg/m2. Individuals with a birthweight less than 2·5 kg (0·17; 0·10-0·25) and those with a rapid growth in height and weight from birth until age 11 years accumulated chronic diseases faster during their life course. Additionally, paternal occupational class (manual workers vs upper-middle class 0·27; 0·23-0·30) and wartime parental separation (0·24; 0·19-0·29 for boys; 0·31; 0·25-0·36 for girls) were associated with a faster rate of chronic disease accumulation. INTERPRETATION Our findings suggest that the foundation for accumulating chronic diseases is established early in life. Early interventions might be needed for vulnerable populations, including war evacuee children and children with lower socioeconomic status. FUNDING Finska Läkaresällskapet, Liv och Hälsa rf, the Finnish Pediatric Research Foundation, and Folkhälsan Research Center. TRANSLATIONS For the Finnish and Swedish translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus J Haapanen
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Davide L Vetrano
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tuija M Mikkola
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Amaia Calderón-Larrañaga
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Serhiy Dekhtyar
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; Clinical Medicine Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Mikaela B von Bonsdorff
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Wei Y, Zhu W, Yang K, Hua Z. The relationship between lipid-lowering medication and non-healthy status. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e14. [PMID: 38183993 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yangyan Wei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wenjie Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Zhengdong Hua
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China.
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Mikkola TM, Kautiainen H, Eriksson JG. The relationship between lipid-lowering medication and non-healthy status - Authors' reply. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2024; 5:e15. [PMID: 38183994 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tuija M Mikkola
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hannu Kautiainen
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland; Primary Health Care Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhälsan Research Center, FI-00251 Helsinki, Finland; Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Human Potential Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Wang Y, Zhao Y. Cohort studies have great potential in healthy ageing research. THE LANCET. HEALTHY LONGEVITY 2023; 4:e450-e451. [PMID: 37659423 PMCID: PMC10958440 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(23)00163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Wang
- Institute for Social Science Surveys, Peking University, Bejing, China
| | - Yaohui Zhao
- China Center for Economic Research, National School of Development, and Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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