1
|
Laméris DW, Salas M, Eens M, Gillespie L, Staes N, Torfs JRR, Verspeek J, Vervaecke H, Ward SJ, Stevens JMG. Qualitative Behavioural Assessment of bonobo emotional expressivity across observer groups and zoo housing environments. Anim Welf 2024; 33:e28. [PMID: 38828436 PMCID: PMC11140493 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2024.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Human evaluation of animal emotional expressivity can inform animal welfare. Qualitative Behavioural Assessment (QBA) has been applied to domesticated and some non-domesticated animals, but its use in primates is limited despite their emotional expressivity. We aimed to develop and apply a QBA for bonobos (Pan paniscus) through two consecutive studies. We applied Free Choice Profiling (FCP) and the Fixed List methodology, respectively, in Study 1 and 2, and invited students and bonobo experts to rate video clips of zoo-living bonobos of different sexes and age classes, and before and after moving to a new enclosure. In Study 1, students described dimension 1 as ranging from 'quiet/calm' to 'angry/active' and dimension 2 from 'sad/anxious' to 'happy/loving'. Experts described dimension 1 ranging from 'quiet/relaxed' to 'nervous/alert' and dimension 2 from 'nervous/bored' to 'playful/happy'. Using a fixed list of descriptors, informed by findings from Study 1, students in Study 2 described dimension 1 as ranging from 'quiet/calm' to 'agitated/frustrated', and dimension 2 from 'sad/stressed' to 'happy/positively engaged'. Experts described dimension 1 as ranging from 'quiet/calm' to 'active/excited', and dimension 2 from 'sad/bored' to 'happy/positively engaged'. Students scored adults as more 'calm/quiet' and experts scored subadults as more 'happy/positively engaged'. Additionally, experts in Study 2 rated bonobos as more 'active/excited' in their new enclosure. Reliability was moderate to good for the dimensions. Additionally, animal-directed empathy of observers influenced QBA scores. This is the first time, FCP has been successfully used as a method to study primate emotional expressivity. Our findings show the promise of employing QBA in primate studies and in industry, with validation of additional metrics to enable its use for welfare-monitoring purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daan W Laméris
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Wilrijk, Belgium
- Antwerp Zoo Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, 2018Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marina Salas
- Antwerp Zoo Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, 2018Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marcel Eens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lisa Gillespie
- Twycross Zoo, East Midland Zoological Society, Burton Rd, AtherstoneCV9 3PX, UK
| | - Nicky Staes
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Wilrijk, Belgium
- Antwerp Zoo Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, 2018Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonas RR Torfs
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Wilrijk, Belgium
- Antwerp Zoo Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, 2018Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonas Verspeek
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Wilrijk, Belgium
- Antwerp Zoo Centre for Research and Conservation, Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Koningin Astridplein 26, 2018Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hilde Vervaecke
- Salto Research Group, Agro-and Biotechnology, Odisee University of Applied Sciences, Hospitaalstraat 21, 9100Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| | - Samantha J Ward
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Southwell, NG25 0QF, UK
| | - Jeroen MG Stevens
- Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610Wilrijk, Belgium
- Salto Research Group, Agro-and Biotechnology, Odisee University of Applied Sciences, Hospitaalstraat 21, 9100Sint-Niklaas, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Withey SL, Pizzagalli DA, Bergman J. Translational In Vivo Assays in Behavioral Biology. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 64:435-453. [PMID: 37708432 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-093711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The failure of preclinical research to advance successful candidate medications in psychiatry has created a paradigmatic crisis in psychiatry. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative was designed to remedy this situation with a neuroscience-based approach that employs multimodal and cross-species in vivo methodology to increase the probability of translational findings and, consequently, drug discovery. The present review underscores the feasibility of this methodological approach by briefly reviewing, first, the use of multidimensional and cross-species methodologies in traditional behavioral pharmacology and, subsequently, the utility of this approach in contemporary neuroimaging and electrophysiology research-with a focus on the value of functionally homologous studies in nonhuman and human subjects. The final section provides a brief review of the RDoC, with a focus on the potential strengths and weaknesses of its domain-based underpinnings. Optimistically, this mechanistic and multidimensional approach in neuropsychiatric research will lead to novel therapeutics for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Withey
- Preclinical Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jack Bergman
- Preclinical Behavioral Biology Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Törnqvist H, Höller H, Vsetecka K, Hoehl S, Kujala MV. Matters of development and experience: Evaluation of dog and human emotional expressions by children and adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288137. [PMID: 37494304 PMCID: PMC10370749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional facial expressions are an important part of across species social communication, yet the factors affecting human recognition of dog emotions have received limited attention. Here, we characterize the recognition and evaluation of dog and human emotional facial expressions by 4-and 6-year-old children and adult participants, as well as the effect of dog experience in emotion recognition. Participants rated the happiness, anger, valence, and arousal from happy, aggressive, and neutral facial images of dogs and humans. Both respondent age and experience influenced the dog emotion recognition and ratings. Aggressive dog faces were rated more often correctly by adults than 4-year-olds regardless of dog experience, whereas the 6-year-olds' and adults' performances did not differ. Happy human and dog expressions were recognized equally by all groups. Children rated aggressive dogs as more positive and lower in arousal than adults, and participants without dog experience rated aggressive dogs as more positive than those with dog experience. Children also rated aggressive dogs as more positive and lower in arousal than aggressive humans. The results confirm that recognition of dog emotions, especially aggression, increases with age, which can be related to general dog experience and brain structure maturation involved in facial emotion recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heini Törnqvist
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hanna Höller
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Vsetecka
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Hoehl
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miiamaaria V Kujala
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Albuquerque N, Savalli C, Belli M, Varella AC, Felício B, França J, Izar P. The shape of lipsmacking: socio-emotional regulation in bearded capuchin monkeys ( Sapajus libidinosus). EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2023; 5:e16. [PMID: 37587928 PMCID: PMC10426065 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2023.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Capuchin monkeys have rich social relationships and from very young ages they participate in complex interactions with members of their group. Lipsmacking behaviour, which involves at least two individuals in socially mediated interactions, may tell about processes that maintain, accentuate or attenuate emotional exchanges in monkeys. Lipsmacking is a facial expression associated with the establishment and maintenance of affiliative interactions, following under the 'emotional regulation' umbrella, which accounts for the ability to manage behavioural responses. We investigated behaviours related to the emitter and to the receiver (infant) of lipsmacking to answer the question of how lipsmacking occurs. In capuchin monkeys, lipsmacking has been previously understood solely as a face-to-face interaction. Our data show that emitters are engaged with infants, looking longer towards their face and seeking eye contact during the display. However, receivers spend most of the time looking away from the emitter and stay in no contact for nearly half of the time. From naturalistic observations of wild infant capuchin monkeys from Brazil we found that lipsmacking is not restricted to mutual gaze, meaning there are other mechanisms in place than previously known. Our results open paths to new insights about the evolution of socio-emotional displays in primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carine Savalli
- Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Belli
- Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Beatriz Felício
- Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana França
- Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Izar
- Institute of Psychology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Barrett L. Introduction to the special collection: The expression of the emotions in man and animals. EVOLUTIONARY HUMAN SCIENCES 2022; 4:e57. [PMID: 37588909 PMCID: PMC10426026 DOI: 10.1017/ehs.2022.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Barrett
- University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1K 3M4
| |
Collapse
|