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Duarte ME, Kim SW. Efficacy of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics on cell turnover, immune responses, and oxidative stress in the jejunal mucosa of young pigs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19235. [PMID: 39164530 PMCID: PMC11336137 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70399-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effects of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics on cell turnover, immune responses, and oxidative stress in the jejunal mucosa of pigs. Thirty-two newly weaned pigs at 6.05 ± 0.24 kg were assigned to two dietary treatments based on a randomized complete block design. The treatments were control group receiving a basal diet and a group supplemented with Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics (175 g/ton diet) in the basal diet. After 35 d of the study, pigs were euthanized and jejunal mucosa were collected to assess immune status, oxidative stress, barrier markers, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics reduced (P < 0.05) the fecal score from d 3 to d 7 and tended to increase the gene expression of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (P = 0.071) and mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) (P = 0.080), decrease the gene expression of B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X protein 1 (BAX1) (P < 0.05), tended to decrease the gene expression of serum and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase 1 (SGK1) (P = 0.066), increased (P < 0.05) cell proliferation in the crypts, and tended to increase the villus height (P = 0.078) and crypt depth (P = 0.052) in the jejunum. In conclusion, the supplementation of Saccharomyces yeast postbiotics in nursery diets reduced diarrhea within the first week after weaning and provided protection to the villi in the jejunum by enhancing the immune responses of nursery pigs, promoting crypt cell proliferation, and reducing the expression of genes associated with apoptosis without affecting inflammatory and oxidative stress status in the jejunum of the nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Elias Duarte
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Baek KR, Rani Ramakrishnan S, Kim SJ, Seo SO. Yeast cell wall mannan structural features, biological activities, and production strategies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27896. [PMID: 38524613 PMCID: PMC10958358 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Mannan and outer structural yeast cell wall polysaccharides have recently garnered attention for their health defense and cosmetic applications. In addition, many studies have confirmed that yeast cell wall mannans exhibit various biological activities, such as antioxidant, immune regulation, reducing hyperlipidemia, and gut health promotion. This paper elucidates yeast cell wall mannan structural features, biological activities, underlying molecular mechanisms, and biosynthesis. Moreover, mannan-overproducing strategies through yeast strain engineering are emphasized and discussed. This review will provide a scientific basis for yeast cell wall mannan research and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Rim Baek
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudha Rani Ramakrishnan
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, and Research Center for Biological Cybernetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Soo-Jung Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, and Research Center for Biological Cybernetics, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Oh Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Food and Biotechnology, Seoul, 01811, Republic of Korea
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Oliveira GS, Freire HPS, Romano CC, Rezende RP, Evangelista AG, Meneghetti C, Costa LB. Bioprotective potential of lactic acid bacteria and their metabolites against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2022; 168. [PMID: 35849513 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the main pathogens that impacts swine production. Given the need for methods for its control, the in vitro effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and their metabolites against E. coli F4 was evaluated through cell culture and microbiological analysis. The strains Limosilactobacillus fermentum 5.2, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 6.2, and L. plantarum 7.1 were selected. To evaluate the action of their metabolites, lyophilized cell-free supernatants (CFS) were used. The effect of CFS was evaluated in HT-29 intestinal lineage cells; in inhibiting the growth of the pathogen in agar; and in inhibiting the formation of biofilms. The bioprotective activity of LAB was evaluated via their potential for autoaggregation and coaggregation with E. coli. The CFS did not show cytotoxicity at lower concentrations, except for L. fermentum 5.2 CFS, which is responsible for cell proliferation at doses lower than 10 mg ml-1. The CFS were also not able to inhibit the growth of E. coli F4 in agar; however, the CFS of L. plantarum 7.1 resulted in a significant decrease in biofilm formation at a dose of 40 mg ml-1. Regarding LAB, their direct use showed great potential for autoaggregation and coaggregation in vitro, thus suggesting possible effectiveness in animal organisms, preventing E. coli fixation and proliferation. New in vitro tests are needed to evaluate lower doses of CFS to control biofilms and confirm the bioprotective potential of LAB, and in vivo tests to assess the effect of LAB and their metabolites interacting with animal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Souza Oliveira
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Herbert Pina Silva Freire
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Romano
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Alberto Gonçalves Evangelista
- Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Life Sciences, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
| | - Camila Meneghetti
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil
| | - Leandro Batista Costa
- State University of Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Salobrinho, Ilhéus, Bahia, 45662-900, Brazil.,Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, School of Life Sciences, Rua Imaculada Conceição, 1155, Prado Velho, Curitiba, Paraná, 80215-901, Brazil
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Faustino M, Durão J, Pereira CF, Pintado ME, Carvalho AP. Mannans and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae - A sustainable source of functional ingredients. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 272:118467. [PMID: 34420726 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable industry practices and circular economy concepts encourage the transformation of production waste into by-products. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely used in fermentation industry worldwide, generating large amounts of spent yeast which is mainly directed to animal feed or discarded as waste. Instead of becoming and environmental problem, spent yeast can be directed to the extraction of valuable compounds such as mannans and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS). This review presents a compilation of the studies up to date regarding the different chemical, enzymatic, mechanical or physical processes addressed for mannans extraction and MOS production. Additionally, the existing studies on the chemical modification of mannans aimed to improve specific characteristics are also discussed. Finally, the more relevant bioactivities and potential applications of mannans, MOS and mannose are presented, together with products on the market containing these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Faustino
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Durão
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; Amyris Bio Products Portugal Unipessoal Lda, Portugal
| | - Carla F Pereira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela E Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana P Carvalho
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal.
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McCaffrey C, Corrigan A, Moynagh P, Murphy R. Effect of yeast cell wall supplementation on intestinal integrity, digestive enzyme activity and immune traits of broilers. Br Poult Sci 2021; 62:771-782. [PMID: 34009070 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1929070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. The protective layer formed by intestinal epithelial cells acts as a barrier preventing the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, aids digestion and passage of nutrients and reduces damage caused from toxins on the gastrointestinal tract. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a yeast cell wall-based product (YCW), on broiler intestinal integrity, digestive enzyme capacity and immune function.2. A 35-d trial involving 246, one-d-of-hatch male broiler chickens was carried out at a trial facility at Agri-Food Biosciences Institute (AFBI, Belfast, UK). Birds were randomly allocated into 6 pens at day of hatch (41 birds/pen; 123 birds/group). Pens were divided into two groups: (1) basal diet and (2) basal diet that incorporated YCW at the manufacturers' recommended inclusion levels (Alltech Inc., Lexington, Kentucky, USA).3. In this study, YCW supplementation affected broiler intestinal morphology resulting in greater crypt depth, villus height and surface area, goblet cell density and mucus layer thickness and lower muscularis mucosae thickness. The digestive enzymes, maltase, sucrase and alkaline phosphatase, were significantly higher in the YCW supplemented group compared to the control. The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-18, were significantly lower as was necroptotic cell death in YCW supplemented birds.4. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, YCW supplementation positively affected intestinal health parameters in broilers following 35-d supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C McCaffrey
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - A Corrigan
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Dunboyne, Ireland
| | - P Moynagh
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Biology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - R Murphy
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Dunboyne, Ireland
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