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Saadi S, Makhlouf C, Nacer NE, Halima B, Faiza A, Kahina H, Wahiba F, Afaf K, Rabah K, Saoudi Z. Whey proteins as multifunctional food materials: Recent advancements in hydrolysis, separation, and peptidomimetic approaches. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13288. [PMID: 38284584 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Whey protein derived bioactives, including α-lactalbumin, ß-lactoglobulin, bovine serum albumin, lactoferrin, transferrin, and proteose-peptones, have exhibited wide ranges of functional, biological and therapeutic properties varying from anticancer, antihypertensive, and antimicrobial effects. In addition, their functional properties involve gelling, emulsifying, and foaming abilities. For these reasons, this review article is framed to understand the relationship existed in between those compound levels and structures with their main functional, biological, and therapeutic properties exhibited either in vitro or in vivo. The impacts of hydrolysis mechanism and separation techniques in enhancing those properties are likewise discussed. Furthermore, special emphasize is given to multifunctional effects of whey derived bioactives and their future trends in ameliorating further food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical products. The underlying mechanism effects of those properties are still remained unclear in terms of activity levels, efficacy, and targeted effectiveness. For these reasons, some important models linking to functional properties, thermal properties and cell circumstances are established. Moreover, the coexistence of radical trapping groups, chelating groups, sulfhydryl groups, inhibitory groups, and peptide bonds seemed to be the key elements in triggering those functions and properties. Practical Application: Whey proteins are the byproducts of cheese processing and usually the exploitation of these food waste products has increasingly getting acceptance in many countries, especially European countries. Whey proteins share comparable nutritive values to milk products, particularly on their richness on important proteins that can serve immune protection, structural, and energetic roles. The nutritive profile of whey proteins shows diverse type of bioactive molecules like α-lactalbumin, ß-lactoglobulin, lactoferrin, transferrin, immunoglobulin, and proteose peptones with wide biological importance to the living system, such as in maintaining immunological, neuronal, and signaling roles. The diversification of proteins of whey products prompted scientists to exploit the real mechanisms behind of their biological and therapeutic effects, especially in declining the risk of cancer, tumor, and further complications like diabetes type 2 and hypertension risk effects. For these reasons, profiling these types of proteins using different proteomic and peptidomic approaches helps in determining their biological and therapeutic targets along with their release into gastrointestinal tract conditions and their bioavailabilities into portal circulation, tissue, and organs. The wide applicability of those protein fractions and their derivative bioactive products showed significant impacts in the field of emulsion and double emulsion stabilization by playing roles as emulsifying, surfactant, stabilizing, and foaming agents. Their amphoteric properties helped them to act as excellent encapsulating agents, particularly as vehicle for delivering important vitamins and bioactive compounds. The presence of ferric elements increased their transportation to several metal-ions in the same time increased their scavenging effects to metal-transition and peroxidation of lipids. Their richness with almost essential and nonessential amino acids makes them as selective microbial starters, in addition their richness in sulfhydryl amino acids allowed them to act a cross-linker in conjugating further biomolecules. For instance, conjugating gold-nanoparticles and fluorescent materials in targeting diseases like cancer and tumors in vivo is considered the cutting-edges strategies for these versatile molecules due to their active diffusion across-cell membrane and the presence of specific transporters to these therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Saadi
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Chaalal Makhlouf
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Quality, Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies, University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Applied Biochemistry, Faculty of Nature and Life Science, University of Bejaia, Bejaia, Algeria
| | - Nor Elhouda Nacer
- Department of Biology of Organisms, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria
| | - Boughellout Halima
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Adoui Faiza
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hafid Kahina
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Equipe MaQuaV, Laboratoire Bioqual INATAA, Université des Frères Mentouri-Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Falek Wahiba
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kheroufi Afaf
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Kezih Rabah
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Food Quality, Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies, University of Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Zineddine Saoudi
- Institut de la Nutrition, de l'Alimentation et des Technologies Agroalimentaires (INATAA), Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
- Laboratoire de Génie Agro-alimentaire, équipe Génie des Procédés Alimentaires, Biodiversité et Agro environnement, INATAA, Université Frères Mentouri Constantine 1 (UFC1), Constantine, Algeria
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Proteins and their functionalization for finding therapeutic avenues in cancer: Current status and future prospective. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188862. [PMID: 36791920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable advancement in the health care sector, cancer remains the second most fatal disease globally. The existing conventional cancer treatments primarily include chemotherapy, which has been associated with little to severe side effects, and radiotherapy, which is usually expensive. To overcome these problems, target-specific nanocarriers have been explored for delivering chemo drugs. However, recent reports on using a few proteins having anticancer activity and further use of them as drug carriers have generated tremendous attention for furthering the research towards cancer therapy. Biomolecules, especially proteins, have emerged as suitable alternatives in cancer treatment due to multiple favourable properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural flexibility for easy surface functionalization. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that various proteins derived from animal, plant, and bacterial species, demonstrated strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against malignant cells in native and their different structural conformations. Moreover, surface tunable properties of these proteins help to bind a range of anticancer drugs and target ligands, thus making them efficient delivery agents in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss various proteins obtained from common exogenous sources and how they transform into effective anticancer agents. We also comprehensively discuss the tumor-killing mechanisms of different dietary proteins such as bovine α-lactalbumin, hen egg-white lysozyme, and their conjugates. We also articulate how protein nanostructures can be used as carriers for delivering cancer drugs and theranostics, and strategies to be adopted for improving their in vivo delivery and targeting. We further discuss the FDA-approved protein-based anticancer formulations along with those in different phases of clinical trials.
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Whey protein microgels for stabilisation of foams. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gallo V, Giansanti F, Arienzo A, Antonini G. Antiviral properties of whey proteins and their activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. J Funct Foods 2022; 89:104932. [PMID: 35003332 PMCID: PMC8723829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.104932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Native and chemically modified whey proteins and their peptide derivatives are encountering the interest of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries, due to the numerous properties, ranging from antimicrobial to immunological and antitumorigenic, that result in the possibility to employ milk and its protein components in a wide range of treatment and prevention strategies. Importantly, whey proteins were found to exert antiviral actions against different enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Recently, the scientific community is focusing on these proteins, especially lactoferrin, since in vitro studies have demonstrated that they exert an important antiviral activity also against SARS-CoV-2. Up-to date, several studies are investigating the efficacy of lactoferrin and other whey proteins in vivo. Aim of this review is to shed light on the most relevant findings concerning the antiviral properties of whey proteins and their potential applications in human health, focussing on their application in prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gallo
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
| | - Francesco Giansanti
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB - Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome 00136, Italy
- Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila I-67100, Italy
| | - Alyexandra Arienzo
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB - Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome 00136, Italy
| | - Giovanni Antonini
- Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome 00146, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium INBB - Biostructures and Biosystems National Institute, Rome 00136, Italy
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Hilali M, Rischkowsky B, Iñiguez L, Mayer H, Schreiner M. Changes in the milk fatty acid profile of Awassi sheep in response to supplementation with agro-industrial by-products. Small Rumin Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zhang G, Li J, Li S, Wang Y. Exploring Spatial Trends and Influencing Factors for Gastric Cancer Based on Bayesian Statistics: A Case Study of Shanxi, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1824. [PMID: 30142954 PMCID: PMC6165541 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common type of cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. To detect the spatial trends of GC risk based on hospital-diagnosed patients, this study presented a selection probability model and integrated it into the Bayesian spatial statistical model. Then, the spatial pattern of GC risk in Shanxi Province in north central China was estimated. In addition, factors influencing GC were investigated mainly using the Bayesian Lasso model. The spatial variability of GC risk in Shanxi has the conspicuous feature of being 'high in the south and low in the north'. The highest GC relative risk was 1.291 (95% highest posterior density: 0.789⁻4.002). The univariable analysis and Bayesian Lasso regression results showed that a diverse dietary structure and increased consumption of beef and cow milk were significantly (p ≤ 0.08) and in high probability (greater than 68%) negatively associated with GC risk. Pork production per capita has a positive correlation with GC risk. Moreover, four geographic factors, namely, temperature, terrain, vegetation cover, and precipitation, showed significant (p < 0.05) associations with GC risk based on univariable analysis, and associated with GC risks in high probability (greater than 60%) inferred from Bayesian Lasso regression model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehong Zhang
- Medical Imaging Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Junming Li
- School of Statistics, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
| | - Sijin Li
- Medical Imaging Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Yang Wang
- Medical Imaging Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China.
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Abstract
Milk whey—commonly known as cheese whey—is a by-product of cheese or casein in the dairy industry and contains usually high levels of lactose, low levels of nitrogenous compounds, protein, salts, lactic acid and small amounts of vitamins and minerals. Milk whey contains several unique components like immunoglobulins (Igs), lactoferrin (Lf), lactoperoxidase (Lp), glycomacropeptide (GMP) and sphingolipids that possess some important antimicrobial and antiviral properties. Some whey components possess anticancer properties such as sphingomyelin, which have the potential to inhibit colon cancer. Immunoglobulin-G (IgGs), Lp and Lf concentrated from whey participates in host immunity. IgGs binds with bacterial toxins and lowers the bacterial load in the large bowel. There are some whey-derived carbohydrate components that possess prebiotic activity. Lactose support lactic acid bacteria (such as Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli). Stallic acids, an oligosaccharide in whey, are typically attached to proteins, and possess prebiotic properties. The uniqueness of whey proteins is due to their ability to boost the level of glutathione (GSH) in various tissues and also to optimize various processes of the immune system. The role of GSH is very critical as it protects the cells against free radical damage, infections, toxins, pollution and UV exposure. Overall GSH acts as a centerpiece of the body’s antioxidant defense system. It has been widely observed that individuals suffering from cancer, HIV, chronic fatigue syndrome and many other immune-compromising conditions have very poor levels of glutathione. The sulphur-containing amino-acids (cysteine and methionine) are also found in high levels in whey protein. Thus, the present review will focus on the therapeutic potential of milk whey such as antibiotic, anti-cancer, anti-toxin, immune-enhancer, prebiotic property etc.
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Wang A, Duncan SE, Knowlton KF, Ray WK, Dietrich AM. Milk protein composition and stability changes affected by iron in water sources. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:4206-4219. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tsakali E, Petrotos K, D'Alessandro AG, Mantas C, Tripolitsiotis I, Goulas P, Chatzilazarou A, van Impe JF. Exploring the Effect of Ultrafiltration/Diafiltration Processing Conditions on the Lactoferrin and Immunoglobulin G Content of Feta Whey Protein Concentrates. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Tsakali
- Department of Scienze Agro-Ambientali e Territoriali; Università degli Studi di Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Konstantinos Petrotos
- Department of Biosystems; Technological Educational Institute of Larissa; Larisa Greece
| | - Angela G. D'Alessandro
- Department of Scienze Agro-Ambientali e Territoriali; Università degli Studi di Bari; Bari Italy
| | - Christos Mantas
- Department of Biosystems; Technological Educational Institute of Larissa; Larisa Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Goulas
- Department of Animal Production; Technological Educational Institute of Larissa; Larisa Greece
| | - Arhontoula Chatzilazarou
- Department of Oenology and Beverage Technology; Technological Educational Institute of Athens; Athens Greece
| | - Jan F. van Impe
- Chemical Engineering Department (BioTeC & OPTEC); Katholieke Universiteit Leuven; W. de Croylaan 46, PB 2423 3001 Leuven Belgium
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The Effect of Oral Intake of Low-Temperature-Processed Whey Protein Concentrate on Colitis and Gene Expression Profiles in Mice. Foods 2014; 3:351-368. [PMID: 28234324 PMCID: PMC5302365 DOI: 10.3390/foods3020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology and can lead to inflammation and cancer. Whey proteins contain many bioactive peptides with potential health benefits against IBD. We investigated the effect of low-temperature-processed whey protein concentrate (LWPC) on the suppression of IBD by using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis model in BALB/c mice. Oral intake of LWPC resulted in improved recovery of body weight in mice. Histological analysis showed that the epithelium cells of LWPC-treated mice were healthier and that lymphocyte infiltration was reduced. The increase in mucin due to the LWPC also reflected reduced inflammation in the colon. Transcriptome analysis of the colon by DNA microarrays revealed marked downregulation of genes related to immune responses in LWPC-fed mice. In particular, the expression of interferon gamma receptor 2 (Ifngr2) and guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) was increased by DSS treatment and decreased in LWPC-fed mice. These findings suggest that LWPCs suppress DSS-induced inflammation in the colon by suppressing the signaling of these cytokines. Our findings suggest that LWPCs would be an effective food resource for suppressing IBD symptoms.
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Zanabria R, Tellez AM, Griffiths M, Corredig M. Milk fat globule membrane isolate induces apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells. Food Funct 2013; 4:222-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c2fo30189j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kanwar JR, Mahidhara G, Kanwar RK. Novel alginate-enclosed chitosan-calcium phosphate-loaded iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin nanocarriers for oral delivery in colon cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2012; 7:1521-50. [PMID: 22734611 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.12.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To develop polymeric-ceramic nanocarriers (NCs) in order to achieve oral delivery of the anticancer neutraceutical iron-saturated bovine lactoferrin (Fe-bLf) protein. MATERIALS & METHODS Fe-bLf or paclitaxel (Taxol®) were adsorbed onto calcium phosphate nanocores, enclosed in biodegradable polymers chitosan and alginate. The Fe-bLf or Taxol-loaded NCs indicated as AEC-CP-Fe-bLf or AEC-CP-Taxol NCs, respectively, were made by combination of ionic gelation and nanoprecipitation. Size distribution, morphology, internalization and release profiles of the NCs were studied along with evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anticancer activities and compared with paclitaxel. RESULTS AEC-CP-Fe-bLf NCs obtained spherical morphology and showed enhanced endocytosis, transcytosis and anticancer activity in Caco-2 cells in vitro. AEC-CP-Fe-bLf NCs were supplemented in an AIN 93G diet and fed to mice in both prevention and treatment human xenograft colon cancer models. AEC-CP-Fe-bLf NCs were found to be highly significantly effective when given orally, as a pretreatment, 1 week before Caco-2 cell injections. None of the mice from the AEC-CP-Fe-bLf NC-fed group developed tumors or showed any signs of toxicity, while the mice fed the control AIN 93G diet showed normal tumor growth. Fe-bLf or Taxol, when given orally in a diet as nanoformulations post-tumor development, showed a significant regression in the tumor size with complete inhibition of tumor growth later, while intratumoral injection of Taxol just delayed the growth of tumors. The pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies indicated that nanoformulated Fe-bLf was predominantly present on tumor cells compared to non-nanoformulated Fe-bLf. Fe-bLf-loaded NCs were found to help in absorption of iron and thus may have utility in enhancing the iron uptake during iron deficiency without interfering with the absorption of calcium. CONCLUSION With the promising results of our study, the future potential of NC-loaded Fe-bLf in chemoprevention and in the treatment of human colon cancer, deserves further investigation for translational research and preclinical studies of other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagat R Kanwar
- Nanomedicine-Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biomedical Research, Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong Technology Precinct, Pigdons Road, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, Victoria 3216, Australia.
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Abdel-Aziem SH, Hassan AM, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Dietary supplementation with whey protein and ginseng extract counteracts oxidative stress and DNA damage in rats fed an aflatoxin-contaminated diet. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 723:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Romano R, Giordano A, Chianese L, Addeo F, Musso SS. Triacylglycerols, fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids in Italian Mozzarella di Bufala Campana cheese. J Food Compost Anal 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2010.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Freiburghaus C, Welinder C, Tjörnstad U, Lindmark-Månsson H, Paulsson M, Oredsson S. Identification of ubiquitin in bovine milk and its growth inhibitory effects on human cancer cell lines. J Dairy Sci 2010; 93:3442-52. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2009-2878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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D'Alessandro AG, Martemucci G, Jirillo E, De Leo V. Major whey proteins in donkey's milk: effect of season and lactation stage. Implications for potential dietary interventions in human diseases. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:259-65. [PMID: 20624015 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.499365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
According to current literature, donkey's milk has been suggested as a hypoallergenic substitute in children affected by cow's milk protein allergy as well as a promising nutraceutical for aged people. However, the biologically active components of donkey's milk have not yet completely elucidated. In this framework this study is aimed at measuring α-lactalbumin (α-LA), β-lactoglobulin (β-LG), and lysozyme (LYS), the principal whey proteins in donkey's milk, in relation to lactation stage and production season. Analysis were performed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. α-LA, β-LG, and LYS resulted to be affected by lactation stage (P < 0.01) and production season (P < 0.01). Overall, the protein content was higher (0.01 > P < 0.05) during the first four lactation's months and decreased until the month 8. The β-LG was the major protein (1.75 mg mL(-1) as mean; peak 2.24 ± 0.09 mg mL(-1)), while the α-LA had a mean concentration of 1.32 mg mL(-1) and peaked at month 1 (1.57 ± 0.09 mg mL(-1)) and LYS (0.66 mg mL(-1) as mean) showed the highest value equal to 0.76 ± 0.03 mg mL(-1). The highest (P < 0.01) concentration of all proteins was recorded at spring (α-LA: 1.69 mL(-1); β-LG: 2.07 mL(-1); LYS: 0.76 mL(-1)).
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Hemelt M, Hu Z, Zhong Z, Xie LP, Wong Y, Tam PC, Cheng K, Ye Z, Bi X, Lu Q, Mao Y, Zhong WD, Zeegers MP. Fluid intake and the risk of bladder cancer: Results from the South and East China case-control study on bladder cancer. Int J Cancer 2010; 127:638-45. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Liu Q, Kong B, Jiang L, Cui X, Liu J. Free radical scavenging activity of porcine plasma protein hydrolysates determined by electron spin resonance spectrometer. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2008.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
The activity of human milk on cell growth has been evaluated on two cell lines, MDCK and Caco-2. The proportion of human milk samples that reduced by half the growth of MDCK cells was of 36%. This inhibitory activity was associated with casein and not the whey fraction. Great variability was found in the degree of inhibitory activity depending on the milk sample. The susceptibility of Caco-2 cells to milk inhibitory activity was lower than that of MDCK. Bovine milk did not have any effect on cell growth, either as skimmed milk or as whey or casein. Morphology of cells incubated with active human casein showed abnormal features, such as chromatin condensation, reduced cellular volume and apoptotic bodies, and also fragmented DNA, which are all features of apoptosis.
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Rodrigues L, Teixeira J, Schmitt F, Paulsson M, Månsson HL. Lactoferrin and cancer disease prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2009; 49:203-17. [PMID: 19093266 DOI: 10.1080/10408390701856157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that is composed of the transferrin family and is predominantly found in the products of the exocrine glands located in the gateways of the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive systems, suggesting a role in the non-specific defence against invading pathogens. Additionally, several physiological roles have been attributed to LF, namely regulation of iron homeostasis, host defence against infection and inflammation, regulation of cellular growth, and differentiation and protection against cancer development and metastasis. These findings have suggested LF's great potential therapeutic use in cancer disease prevention and/or treatment, namely as a chemopreventive agent. This review looks at the recent advances in understanding the mechanisms underlying the multifunctional roles of LF and future perspectives on its potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Rodrigues
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre of Biological Engineering, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.
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Houston DK, Driver KE, Bush AJ, Kritchevsky SB. The association between cheese consumption and cardiovascular risk factors among adults. J Hum Nutr Diet 2008; 21:129-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2008.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Britten M, Lamothe S, Robitaille G. Effect of cream treatment on phospholipids and protein recovery in butter-making process. Int J Food Sci Technol 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Linkages between diet habits and cancer risk have surfaced from a multitude of epidemiological and preclinical studies. Collectively these studies provide rather compelling evidence that dietary components modify the incidence and biological behavior of tumors. While the risk of breast, prostate, colon, lung and liver cancers are frequently associated with dietary patterns, inconsistencies are not uncommon. These inconsistencies likely reflect the multi-factorial and complex nature of cancer and the specificity that individual dietary constituents have in modifying cancer related genetic pathways. The complexity of defining the role of diet is underscored by the numerous and diverse essential and non-essential components that may alter one or more phases of the cancer process. The explosive increase in the recognition of genes and pathways for regulating cell growth and development, and evaluating the response to hormones and other chemicals synthesized by the body, offers exciting opportunities for unraveling the molecular targets by which dietary components influence cancer prevention. It is recognized that all cells have unique ‘signatures’ that are characterized by active and inactive genes and cellular products. It is certainly plausible that bridging knowledge about these unique cellular characteristics with the molecular targets for nutrients can be used to assist in optimizing nutrition and minimizing cancer risk.
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26
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Ushida Y, Shimokawa Y, Toida T, Matsui H, Takase M. Bovine α-Lactalbumin Stimulates Mucus Metabolism in Gastric Mucosa. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:541-6. [PMID: 17235130 DOI: 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(07)71537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Bovine alpha-lactalbumin (alpha-LA), a major milk protein, exerts strong gastroprotective activity against rat experimental gastric ulcers induced by ethanol or stress. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying this activity, the influence of alpha-LA on gastric mucus metabolism was investigated in vitro and in vivo. For the in vitro study, RGM1 cells (a rat gastric epithelial cell line) were selected for observation of the direct activity of alpha-LA on gastric mucosal cells and cultured in the presence of either alpha-LA or ovalbumin (OVA), a reference protein showing no gastroprotective activity. Amounts of synthesized and secreted mucin, a major component of mucus, were determined using [3H]glucosamine as a tracer, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels in the culture medium were determined by RIA. For the in vivo study, the thickness of the mucus gel layer, a protective barrier for gastric mucosa, was evaluated histochemically in rat gastric mucosa. alpha-Lactalbumin (3 mg/mL) significantly stimulated mucin synthesis and secretion in RGM1 cells and also increased PGE2 levels in the culture medium. In contrast, OVA showed no enhancing effects under identical conditions. Neither indomethacin, a cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, nor AH23848, a prostaglandin EP4 receptor antagonist, affected alpha-LA-induced enhancement of mucin synthesis and secretion. In vivo, oral administration of alpha-LA (300 mg/kg x 3 times/d x 7 d) increased the thickness of the mucus gel layer in rats. These results indicate that alpha-LA fortifies the mucus gel layer by stimulating mucin production and secretion in gastric mucus-producing cells, and that this enhancing effect is independent of endogenous PGE2. Comparison of the efficacy of alpha-LA with OVA suggests that the activities observed in RGM1 cells are closely related to the gastroprotective effects in rat gastric ulcer models. In conclusion, alpha-LA stimulates mucus metabolism, and this action may be responsible for its gastroprotective activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ushida
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Morinaga Milk Industry Co. Ltd., Zama, Kanagawa 228-8583, Japan.
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27
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Chang CY, Wu KC, Chiang SH. Antioxidant properties and protein compositions of porcine haemoglobin hydrolysates. Food Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Tseng YM, Lin SK, Hsiao JK, Chen IJ, Lee JH, Wu SH, Tsai LY. Whey protein concentrate promotes the production of glutathione (GSH) by GSH reductase in the PC12 cell line after acute ethanol exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2006; 44:574-8. [PMID: 16360258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Excessive ethanol consumption may increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in the damage of tissues, especially the neurons and glial cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of whey protein concentrate (WPC) on the glutathione (GSH) status after acute ethanol exposure in the pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line. In this study, we assayed the cell viability, the percentage of lactate dehydrogenase released (% LDH released), the level of GSH, and the activity of GSH reductase (GRx). The results showed that with the supplement of WPC, the cell viability displayed no significant difference after acute exposure of ethanol in groups with or without ethanol treatment. The ethanol-induced cytotoxicity showed a slight decrease ,and the level of GSH showed a significant increase. The activity of GRx significantly increased when 0.1, 10mg/ml of WPC was supplied. In conclusion, these results suggest that WPC in a moderate concentration should be a precursor agent to promote the production of GSH and will enhance the antioxidant capacity in the PC12 cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Ming Tseng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81346, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80702, Taiwan
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29
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Owusu-Apenten R. Colorimetric Analysis of Protein Sulfhydyl Groups in Milk: Applications and Processing Effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2005; 45:1-23. [PMID: 15730186 DOI: 10.1080/10408690590900126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Methods for protein sulfhydryl (SH) group analysis in food systems have been largely overlooked. Nevertheless, changes in SH group concentration affect both physical and nutritional characteristics of high protein foods and ingredients. Food scientists and technologists require improved understanding of protein SH chemistry in order to design processes that minimize loss of thiol groups. This article surveys colorimetric methods for food protein SH group analysis with applications to fluid milk and dried milk powder. Most colorimetric assays (chloromeribenzoate, pyridine disulfide, Nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole, papain reactivation assay, etc.) were found to be inferior to the Ellman method based on the use of 5,5'dithio (bis-2 nitro benzoic acid). Techniques for SH group analysis in fluid milk and dried milk powder are described, along with typical results, their interpretations, and current research related to processing effects and the role of milk SH content on a wider range of technological issues, such as development of cooked flavors, fouling and cleaning of plate heat exchanges, protein-protein interactions, and the storage stability. Finally, a number of areas requiring further research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Owusu-Apenten
- Department of Food Science, Borland Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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30
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Walker G, Dunshea F, Doyle P. Effects of nutrition and management on the production and composition of milk fat and protein: a review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/ar03173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The composition and functional properties of cow’s milk are of considerable importance to the dairy farmer, manufacturer, and consumer. Broadly, there are 3 options for altering the composition and/or functional properties of milk: cow nutrition and management, cow genetics, and dairy manufacturing technologies. This review considers the effects of nutrition and management on the composition and production of milk fat and protein, and the relevance of these effects to the feeding systems used in the Australian dairy industry. Dairy cows on herbage-based diets derive fatty acids for milk fat synthesis from the diet/rumen microorganisms (400–450 g/kg), from adipose tissues (<100 g/kg), and from de novo synthesis in the mammary gland (about 500 g/kg). However, the relative contributions of these sources of fatty acids to milk fat production are highly dependent upon feed intake, diet composition, and stage of lactation. Feed intake, the amount of starch relative to fibre, the amount and composition of long chain fatty acids in the diet, and energy balance are particularly important. Significant differences in these factors exist between pasture-based dairy production systems and those based on total mixed ration, leading to differences in milk fat composition between the two. High intakes of starch are associated with higher levels of de novo synthesis of fat in the mammary gland, resulting in milk fat with a higher concentration of saturated fatty acids. In contrast, higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids from pasture and/or lipid supplements result in higher concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly oleate, trans-vaccenate, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk fat. A decline in milk fat concentration associated with increased feeding with starch-based concentrates can be attributed to changes in the ratios of lipogenic to glucogenic volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen. Milk fat depression, however, is likely the result of increased rates of production of long chain fatty acids containing a trans-10 double bond in the rumen, in particular trans-10 18 : 1 and trans-10-cis-12 18 : 2 in response to diets that contain a high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or starch. Low rumen fluid pH can also be a factor. The concentration and composition of protein in milk are largely unresponsive to variation in nutrition and management. Exceptions to this are the effects of very low intakes of metabolisable energy (ME) and/or metabolisable protein (MP) on the concentration of total protein in milk, and the effects of feeding with supplements that contain organic Se on the concentration of Se, as selenoprotein, in milk. In general, the first limitation for the synthesis of milk protein in Australian dairy production systems is availability of ME since pasture usually provides an excess of MP. However, low concentrations of protein in milk produced in Queensland and Western Australia, associated with seasonal variations in the nutritional value of herbage, may be a response to low intakes of both ME and MP. Stage of lactation is important in determining milk protein concentration, but has little influence on protein composition. The exception to this is in very late lactation where stage of lactation and low ME intake can interact to reduce the casein fraction and increase the whey fraction in milk and, consequently, reduce the yield of cheese per unit of milk. Milk and dairy products could also provide significant amounts of Se, as selenoproteins, in human diets. Feeding organic Se supplements to dairy cows grazing pastures that are low in Se may also benefit cow health. Research into targetted feeding strategies that make use of feed supplements including oil seeds, vegetable and fish oils, and organic Se supplements would increase the management options available to dairy farmers for the production of milks that differ in their composition. Given appropriate market signals, milk could be produced with lower concentrations of fat or higher levels of unsaturated fats, including CLA, and/or high concentrations of selenoproteins. This has the potential to allow the farmer to find a higher value market for milk and improve the competitiveness of the dairy manufacturer by enabling better matching of the supply of dairy products to the demands of the market.
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31
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Abstract
Linkages between diet habits and the quality of life continue to surface on numerous fronts. Collectively these epidemiological, pre-clinical and clinical studies provide rather compelling evidence that numerous essential and non-essential dietary components are capable of influencing growth, development and performance and disease prevention. Scientific discoveries and widespread interest in the potential medicinal benefits of foods and food components have fostered a variety of content, health and structure-function claims. Unfortunately, defining the ideal diet is complicated by the numerous and diverse components that may influence biological processes. Inconsistencies in the literature may reflect the multi-factorial nature of these processes and the specificity that individual dietary constituents have in modifying genetic and epigenetic events. New and emerging genomic and proteonomic approaches and technologies offer exciting opportunities for identifying molecular targets for dietary components and thus determining mechanisms by which they influence the quality of life. All cells have unique 'signatures' that are characterized by active and inactive genes and cellular products. It is plausible that bridging knowledge about unique cellular characteristics with molecular targets for nutrients can be used to develop strategies to optimize nutrition and minimize disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Milner
- Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, 6130 Executive Boulevard, Suite 3164, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
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Szachowicz-Petelska B, Dobrzyńska I, Figaszewski Z, Sulkowski S. Changes in physico-chemical properties of human large intestine tumour cells membrane. Mol Cell Biochem 2002; 238:41-7. [PMID: 12349908 DOI: 10.1023/a:1019946718876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tumour cells produce and excrete to blood many substances which are present in the cell itself in trace amounts only. Our work has been aimed at the determination of changes in electric charge and in phospholipid composition of large intestine normal mucosa and colorectal cancer cells. Surface charge density of tumour unaffected mucosa and of tissue sections from tumours, was measured by electrophoresis. The measurements were carried out at various pH of solution. Membrane isoelectric point was determined by measuring its electric charge in function of pH as well as total positive charge at low pH and total negative charge at high pH. Qualitative and quantitative composition of phospholipids in the membrane was determined by HPLC. Four phospholipid classes were identified: PI, PS, PE and PC and their surface concentrations were determined. The electric charge calculated from phospholipid concentrations is by three orders of magnitude higher than that determined electrophoretically. It indicates that the groups present in the membrane surface are involved in equilibria in which the charge is neutralized. The electric charge calculated from phospholipid concentrations is by three orders of magnitude higher than that determined electrophoretically. It indicates that the groups present in the membrane surface are involved in equilibria in which the charge is neutralized. Tumour changes provoke an increase in surface charge density of large intestine membrane, whereas the content of individual phospholipids increased or decreased depending on a patient.
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