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Wang XP, Yan D, Jin XP, Zhang WY, Shi T, Wang X, Song W, Xiong X, Guo D, Chen S. The role of amino acid metabolism alterations in acute ischemic stroke: From mechanism to application. Pharmacol Res 2024; 207:107313. [PMID: 39025169 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is the most prevalent type of stroke, and due to its high incidence, disability rate, and mortality rate, it imposes a significant burden on the health care system. Amino acids constitute one of the most crucial metabolic products within the human body, and alterations in their metabolic pathways have been identified in the microenvironment of AIS, thereby influencing the pathogenesis, severity, and prognosis of AIS. The amino acid metabolism characteristics in AIS are complex. On one hand, the dynamic progression of AIS continuously reshapes the amino acid metabolism pattern. Conversely, changes in the amino acid metabolism pattern also exert a double-edged effect on AIS. This interaction is bidirectional, dynamic, heterogeneous, and dose-specific. Therefore, the distinctive metabolic reprogramming features surrounding amino acids during the AIS process are systematically summarized in this paper, aiming to provide potential investigative strategies for the early diagnosis, treatment approaches, and prognostic enhancement of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ping Wang
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Affiliated Xiaoshan Hospital, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311202, China
| | - Xia-Ping Jin
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Wen-Yan Zhang
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Tao Shi
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Wenjuan Song
- First People's Hospital of Linping District; Linping Campus, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311100, China
| | - Xing Xiong
- Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital of Xiaoshan, The Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311200, China
| | - Duancheng Guo
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- First People's Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311200, China.
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Liu J, Yuan J, Zhao J, Zhang L, Wang Q, Wang G. Serum metabolomic patterns in young patients with ischemic stroke: a case study. Metabolomics 2021; 17:24. [PMID: 33554271 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01774-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and adult disability. The incidence of ischemic stroke continues to rise in young adults. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive evaluation of metabolic changes and explore possible mechanisms in young ischemic stroke patients without common risk factors. METHODS This study investigated serum metabolomics in 50 young patients with newly suffered ischemic stroke and 50 age-, sex-, and body mass index-matched healthy controls. Liquid chromatography coupled with a Waters Xevo TQ-S mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization (ESI) source was used to analyze amino acid or bile acid, and free fatty acid or lipid was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with a Qtrap5500 mass spectrometer with an ESI source. The metabolomic data were analyzed by performing a multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS A total of 197 metabolites, including amino acids, bile acids, free fatty acids, and lipids, were identified in all participants. Multivariate models showed significant differences in serum metabolomic patterns between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. The stroke patients had increased L-methionine, homocysteine, glutamine, uric acid, GCDCA, and PE (18:0/20:4, 16:0/22:5), and decreased levels of L-citrulline, taurine, PC (16:2/22:6, 16:2/20:5, 15:0/18:2), and SM (d18:1/23:0, d20:0/19:1, d18:1/22:0, d16:0/26:1, d16:0/18:0, d16:0/22:1, d18:1/19:1, d16:0/17:1, d16:1/24:1, d18:1/19:0). Based on the identified metabolites, the metabolic pathways of arginine biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism were significantly enriched in the young patients with ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Serum metabolomic patterns were significantly different between young patients with ischemic stroke and healthy controls. Our study is beneficial in providing a further view into the pathophysiology of young patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Junliang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Jingwei Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, NO. 8, Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Wyse ATS, Sanches EF, Dos Santos TM, Siebert C, Kolling J, Netto CA. Chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia induces anxiety-like symptoms, aversive memory deficits and hippocampus atrophy in adult rats: New insights into physiopathological mechanisms. Brain Res 2019; 1728:146592. [PMID: 31816318 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, increased homocysteine levels have been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. We have developed an experimental model of chronic mild hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in order to observe metabolic impairments in the brain of adult rodents. Besides its known effects on brain metabolism, the present study sought to investigate whether chronic mild HHcy could induce learning/memory impairments associated with biochemical and histological damage to the hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats received daily subcutaneous injections of homocysteine (0.03 μmol/g of body weight) twice a day, from the 30th to the 60th day of life or saline solution (Controls). After injections, anxiety-like and memory tests were performed. Following behavioral analyses, brains were sliced and hippocampal volumes assessed and homogenized for redox state assessment, antioxidant activity, mitochondrial functioning (chain respiratory enzymes and ATP levels) and DNA damage analyses. Behavioral analyses showed that chronic mild HHcy may induce anxiety-like behavior and impair long-term aversive memory (24 h) that was evaluated by inhibitory avoidance task. Mild HHcy decreased locomotor and/or exploratory activities in elevated plus maze test and caused hippocampal atrophy. Decrease in cytochrome c oxidase, DNA damage and redox state changes were also observed in hippocampus of adult rats subjected to mild HHcy. Our findings show that chronic mild HHcy alters biochemical and histological parameters in the hippocampus, leading to behavioral impairments. These findings might be considered in future studies aiming to search for alternative strategies for treating the behavioral impairments in patients with mild elevations in homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T S Wyse
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - E F Sanches
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - T M Dos Santos
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C Siebert
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J Kolling
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - C A Netto
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Post-Graduation Program of Biochemistry, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Zarobkiewicz MK, Sławiński MA, Wawryk-Gawda E, Woźniakowski MM, Kulak-Janczy E, Korzeniowska S, Jodłowska-Jędrych B. Changes in histological structure and nitric oxide synthase expression in aorta of rats supplemented with bee pollen or whey protein. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:1150-1158. [PMID: 30835492 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Various protein-based supplements are at least periodically consumed by 30%-40% of sportspeople. The current study compares cardiovascular effects of diet supplementation with 2 different protein-rich products: bee pollen and whey protein. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups, one subjected to daily moderate physical activity and one not. Each group consisted of 3 subgroups: control, whey-protein-supplemented, and bee-pollen-supplemented. After 8 weeks, rats were decapitated, and proximal parts of thoracic aortas were collected and embedded in paraffin blocks. Histological slides were stained according to standard hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and Verhoeff - Van Gieson staining. Special immunohistochemical stains against neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and alpha smooth muscle actin were also prepared. Histological evaluation revealed noticeable changes in all supplemented groups: disturbances in elastic laminae, slight increase in collagen deposition, and significantly lowered nNOS and eNOS expression. The prevalence of small atherosclerotic plaques was the highest in non-running supplemented groups, while in running supplemented groups it resembled the prevalence in control groups. Both running groups had thinner tunica media than control. Both supplements exert visible effects on aortic structure, but the difference between them is far less evident. In some aspects, however, the bee pollen seems to be even slightly more harmful, which may be related to various possible contaminants like mycotoxins or pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K Zarobkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mirosław A Sławiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Mateusz M Woźniakowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Kulak-Janczy
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Sylwia Korzeniowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
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Deminice R, Comparotto H, Jordao AA. Whey protein supplementation increases methionine intake but not homocysteine plasma concentration in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 40:46-50. [PMID: 25485892 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of whey protein supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and liver oxidative stress in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 8) to receive one of the following diets for 4 weeks: control diet (C), whey protein-composed diet (WP), and whey protein-supplemented diet (WPS). The C and WP diets consisted of AIN-93 with 20% casein and 20% whey protein as protein source, respectively. WPS was AIN-93 (20% casein) supplemented by the addition of 20% (w/w) whey protein. Four weeks of ingesting a WPS diet resulted in a significantly higher (P < 0.05) total protein and methionine intakes. Although a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the hepatic S-adenosylmethionine and S-adenosylhomocysteine levels occurred in WPS group compared with C and WP, no significant change was observed in plasma Hcy concentration between groups. Furthermore, the levels of lipid hydroperoxides and advanced oxidation protein products, known liver oxidative stress markers, were increased in the WPS group compared with the C group. In addition, no change in glutathione liver concentration was observed in any of the groups studied. In conclusion, whey protein supplementation increases methionine intake substantially; however, it does not change plasma Hcy concentrations. On the other hand, increased hepatic oxidative stress markers were observed in whey protein supplemented rats were probably due to high protein intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Deminice
- a Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Ebner A, Poitz DM, Alexiou K, Deussen A. Secretion of adiponectin from mouse aorta and its role in cold storage-induced vascular dysfunction. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:390. [PMID: 24121466 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0390-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Availability of adiponectin plays a crucial role in cardiovascular function. The present study was conducted to evaluate the presence, alterations and impact of the various adiponectin isoforms in vascular tissue under clinically relevant in vitro conditions (cold storage). Presence of various adiponectin isoforms in vascular smooth muscle cells and their regulation during cold storage was evaluated by PCR, western blot, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. The impact of the various isoforms for vessel preservation was assessed using isometric force measurement as an in vitro assay for vascular function. Adiponectin is expressed in smooth muscle cells from murine aortae and human saphenous veins. Following 2 days of cold storage adiponectin mRNA expression in mouse aorta is reduced, which appears to be regulated indirectly by miR-292-3p. Despite the reduced mRNA expression, adiponectin accumulated in cold storage supernatant over 2 days indicating a net release of adiponectin. Two days of cold storage resulted in an impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation which was prevented by addition of full-length adiponectin in concentrations similar to normal plasma levels during storage. In contrast, addition of recombinant adiponectin which is unable to form high order multimers failed to improve vessel function. High concentrations (20 μg/mL) of this trimeric isoform even reduced the vasorelaxation response and facilitated uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Endothelial injury by cold storage may partly be prevented by addition of high-molecular-weight adiponectin. This effect may support graft patency to avoid coagulation- and atherosclerosis-associated impairment of perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Ebner
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Zhang A, Sun H, Wu X, Wang X. Urine metabolomics. Clin Chim Acta 2012; 414:65-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Interference in mevalonate pathway ameliorates homocysteine-induced endothelium-dysfunction. Eur J Pharmacol 2012; 692:61-8. [PMID: 22796672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2012.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Homocysteine is a risk factor for atherosclerosis and hypertension and induces endothelium-dysfunction. Accumulation of cholesterol and reactive oxygen species plays a key role in the endothelium-dysfunction. This study investigated the hypothesis of an involvement of mevalonate pathway and oxidative pathway in homocysteine-induced endothelial damage. Homocysteine induced impairment of the endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation of rat aortic rings by isometric tension, while it also reduced the nitric oxide level and the nitric oxide synthase activity in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, followed by accumulation of superoxide anion and cholesterol. However, the level of asymmetric dimethylarginine remained unaffected by homocysteine. The adverse effect of homocysteine on endothelial function was found to be partially enhanced either by squalestatin-reducing cholesterol or by superoxide dismutase-reducing superoxide anion. Moreover, this effect of homocysteine could be completely ameliorated by simvastatin, very similar to that of cotreatment of squalestatin and superoxide dismutase. Respectively, mevalonolactone partly or squalene fully attenuated the effect of simvastatin or squalestatin on homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction. In conclusion, our results suggested that the mevalonate pathway mediates homocysteine-induced endothelium dysfunction besides the oxidative pathway. Interference in the mevalonate pathway and oxidative pathway provides effective protection of endothelial function.
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Ebner A, Poitz DM, Augstein A, Strasser RH, Deussen A. Functional, morphologic, and molecular characterization of cold storage injury. J Vasc Surg 2012; 56:189-98.e3. [PMID: 22398374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cold storage is used to preserve tissue for later transplantation. There is particular interest in prolonging cold storage time for transplantation purposes. To date, the mechanisms that contribute to vascular dysfunction in response to cold storage are poorly understood. The present study aims to characterize cold storage injury of blood vessels on functional and molecular levels. METHODS To assess vessel function of mouse aorta, isometric force measurements were performed in a Mulvany myograph after cold storage at 4°C for various intervals. Morphologic changes were judged by histologic analysis of aortic cross-sections. To characterize cold storage-induced alterations on RNA levels, microarray analysis with subsequent polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed. RESULTS Cold storage for 2 days revealed significant impairment of vessel function with respect to potassium-induced vessel tone development and acetylcholine-induced vessel relaxation. Detailed analysis of acetylcholine-mediated vascular response using specific pharmacologic blockers revealed that calcium-activated potassium channels seem to be impaired after 2 days of cold storage. At this point, no severe histologic changes (eg, elastic fiber disruption) were visible. RNA expression of 24 genes was significantly changed due to cold storage even after 2 hours. These include genes associated with vessel tone development (prostaglandin E(3) receptor), cardiovascular function (adiponectin), electron transport chain (uncoupling protein 1), or calcium signaling (protein kinase A regulatory subunit 2b). CONCLUSIONS Long-term cold storage impairs vascular function, especially with respect to potassium signaling by calcium-dependent potassium channels. Microarray analysis confirmed impairment of pathways that are involved in calcium signaling and vascular function. Furthermore, various genes were significantly altered even after 2 hours, significantly before functional impairment was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Ebner
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Department of Physiology, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Recent and potential developments of biofluid analyses in metabolomics. J Proteomics 2012; 75:1079-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Ebner A, Zatschler B, Deussen A. Evaluation of cold storage conditions for vessels obtained from donor rats after cardiac death. J Vasc Surg 2011; 54:1769-77. [PMID: 21962925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.06.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Ebner
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany
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Wang X, Sun H, Zhang A, Wang P, Han Y. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as a sensitive and powerful technology for metabolomic studies. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3451-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 07/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Garbe S, Zatschler B, Müller B, Dieterich P, Ebner A, Rauen U, Matschke K, Deussen A. Preservation of human artery function following prolonged cold storage with a new solution. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53:1063-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang X, Sun H, Zhang A, Sun W, Wang P, Wang Z. Potential role of metabolomics apporoaches in the area of traditional Chinese medicine: as pillars of the bridge between Chinese and Western medicine. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:859-68. [PMID: 21353755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2010] [Revised: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a holistic approach to health that attempts to bring the body, mind and spirit into harmony. Entering 21st century, TCM is getting more and more popular in the whole world for improving health condition of human beings and preventing or healing diseases, especially shows great advantages in early intervention, combination therapies and personalized medicine, etc. However, like almost all other ethnopharmacology, TCM also faces severe challenges and suffers from insufficient modern research owing to lack of scientific and technologic approaches, restricts the development of TCM in the world. Fortunately, a novel analytical technique, metabolomics (or metabonomics), adopts a 'top-down' strategy to reflect the function of organisms from terminal symptoms of metabolic network and understand metabolic changes of a complete system caused by interventions in holistic context. Its property consists with the holistic thinking of TCM, may beneficially provide an opportunity to scientifically express the meaning of evidence-based Chinese medicine, such as Chinese medicine syndromes (CMS), preventive treatment, action of Chinese medicine, Chinese medical formulae (CMF) and acupuncture efficacy. This review summarizes potential applications of robust metabolomics apporoaches in the area of traditional oriental medicine, and highlights the key role of metabolomics to resolve special TCM issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xijun Wang
- National TCM Key Lab of Serum Pharmacochemistry, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China.
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Sowmya S, Swathi Y, Yeo AL, Shoon ML, Moore PK, Bhatia M. Hydrogen sulfide: regulatory role on blood pressure in hyperhomocysteinemia. Vascul Pharmacol 2010; 53:138-43. [PMID: 20685250 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2010.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) is a metabolic disorder marked by an excess amount of the amino acid homocysteine (Hcy) in the blood stream. Hcy is a H(2)S precursor-formed from the metabolism of methionine. Elevated Hcy levels have been associated with higher blood pressure. However, the precise contribution of H(2)S to blood pressure in HHcy is not known. In the current study, we have examined a novel link between H(2)S, blood pressure and HHcy. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with PAG, NaHS, L-NAME+PAG and saline. HHcy condition was induced by providing methionine (1 g/kg) in drinking water for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, plasma Hcy and H(2)S were measured. The treated rats were anaesthetized with a mixture of ketamine hydrochloride and medetomidine. Blood pressures were measured by intra-carotid artery catheterization and to further investigate the immediate effect of NO and H(2)S, exogenous drugs namely NaHS, SNP, Ach and NA were administered. Plasma Hcy levels were higher in HHcy groups and this group exhibited hypertension. We observed high blood pressure at low levels of H(2)S and vice versa. Endogenous H(2)S in HHcy condition facilitated a mild decrease in MAP (Mean Arterial Pressure). Exogenous SNP (NO donor) showed a greater pressure decrease in HHcy group. The underlying mechanism is yet to be exploited. High levels of Hcy play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. The results suggest that both endogenous and exogenous H(2)S may play a vital role in regulating blood pressure in HHcy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagiraju Sowmya
- Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Pexa A, Herrmann M, Taban-Shomal O, Henle T, Deussen A. Experimental hyperhomocysteinaemia: differences in tissue metabolites between homocystine and methionine feeding in a rat model. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009; 197:27-34. [PMID: 19254287 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2009.01981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Hyperhomocysteinaemia, diagnosed by serum levels, is regarded as an independent risk indicator for cardiovascular events and is associated with various diseases. The pathomechanisms seem to be partly due to concentrations of homocysteine metabolites and their effect on the cellular transmethylation processes. METHODS We compared two common models for experimental hyperhomocysteinaemia - high methionine diet and homocystine-enriched diet - regarding their effects on tissue concentrations of homocysteine metabolites. RESULTS Both diets induced hyperhomocysteinaemia without affecting renal function or vitamine status. However, the tissue contents of homocysteine and its precursors S-adenosyl-homocysteine (SAH) and S-adenosyl-methionine exhibited major differences between both models. Transmethylation potential was elevated 1.7-fold in liver of rats fed the methionine diet, whereas it was unaltered after homocystine-enriched diet. Kidneys of rats fed the methionine diet did not show any alterations in tissue content of homocysteine and its precursors, whereas in the homocystine group homocysteine and the transmethylation inhibitor SAH were elevated from 23.1 +/- 10.4 to 78.0 +/- 26.0 nmol g(-1) and from 106 +/- 4 to 170 +/- 22 nmol g(-1) respectively. Homocysteine tissue content was elevated in the homocystine, but not in the methionine group. CONCLUSIONS Alterations to homocysteine metabolism are distinct in both models. These findings may explain divergent results, which have been published for these models of hyperhomocysteinaemia and which have resulted in controversial discussions in the past.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Pexa
- Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Institute of Physiology, Dresden, Germany.
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