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Zou C, Xu M, Chen L, Liu Q, Zhou Y, Sun Z, Ye H, Su N, Ye C, Wang A. Xiaochaihu Decoction reduces hepatic steatosis and improves D-GalN/LPS-induced liver injury in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 91:293-305. [PMID: 31100441 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Excessive lipid accumulation and chemical abuse can induce fatty liver diseases in fish, but the underlying mechanism and therapies are unknown. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of Xiaochaihu Decoction (XCHD) on the growth performance, lipid metabolism and antioxidant function of hybrid grouper in vitro and in vivo, and provide evidence as to whether it can be potentially used as a medicine for liver diseases in aquaculture. In vitro, steatosis model of hybrid grouper primary hepatocytes were incubated for 48 h in control or lipid emulsion (LE)-containing medium with or without 24 h post-treatment with XCHD. XCHD treatment reversed the LE-induced intracellular lipid accumulation, cell viability and hepatocytes morphological structure. In vivo, a total of 300 hybrid grouper with an average initial weight of 25.43 ± 0.18 g were fed diets containing five graded levels of XCHD at 150-1200 mg/kg diet for 8 weeks. After that, a challenge trial was conducted by injection of D-GalN/LPS to induce liver injury. As a result, dietary supplementation with 150-300 mg/kg XCHD diets can significant improve growth performance and feed utilization (P < 0.05). Dietary XCHD down-regulated the expression of lipogenic-related genes (G6PD, DGAT2 and ME1) and up-regulated lipolysis-related genes (ATGL, PPARα and LPL) expression in the liver of hybrid grouper. Livers challenged with D-GalN/LPS exhibited extensive areas of vacuolization with the disappearance of nuclei and the loss of hepatic architecture. These pathological alterations were ameliorated by XCHD treatment. XCHD significantly down-regulated the D-GalN/LPS induced apoptosis-related genes caspase-3, caspase-9 and p53 mRNA expression and up-regulated the antioxidant-related genes CAT and MnSOD mRNA expression in dose dependent manner, respectively. XCHD potently reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and enhanced antioxidant capability in hybrid grouper and may be a potential fish-feed additive to prevent fatty liver diseases onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiyun Zou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Minglei Xu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Leling Chen
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Qingying Liu
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zhenzhu Sun
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Huaqun Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Ningning Su
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Chaoxia Ye
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
| | - Anli Wang
- Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity and Biomonitoring, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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El Kertaoui N, Lund I, Assogba H, Domínguez D, Izquierdo MS, Baekelandt S, Cornet V, Mandiki SNM, Montero D, Kestemont P. Key nutritional factors and interactions during larval development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). Sci Rep 2019; 9:7074. [PMID: 31068643 PMCID: PMC6506547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of 8 nutritional variables (Ca/P, Eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) + Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n − 3) (EPA + DHA), Arachidonic acid (20:4n − 6) (ARA), Se, vitamins E, C, D and A) were investigated to identify their respective importance and interactions in pikeperch larval development. In this respect, two modalities (low and high levels) of each variable were tested through a fractional factorial experimental design allowing a reduction from 256 (28) to 16 (28 – 4) experimental units. Survival was significantly higher in larvae fed a high Ca/P diet while larval growth was significantly lower in larvae fed the same diet variant, associated with a higher incidence of kyphosis and pectoral anomalies in these larvae. Lordosis and scoliosis seemed to be mostly affected by dietary long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). A significant interaction was shown between n-3 LC-PUFA and vitamin C on jaw anomalies, while myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (mef2c) gene expression correlated positively with dietary vitamin C increment. Results also demonstrated an effect of the different nutrients and their interactions on the activity levels of digestive enzymatic activities. The results of the present study highlight the importance of the interactions between Ca/P, LC-PUFAs and vitamins C and E, suggesting their essential roles as key nutritional factors influencing pikeperch larval development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlae El Kertaoui
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-5000, Namur, Belgium.
| | - Ivar Lund
- Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, P.O. Box 101, DK-9850, Hirtshals, Denmark
| | - Hospice Assogba
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - David Domínguez
- Instituto ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35200 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Maria S Izquierdo
- Instituto ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35200 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Sébastien Baekelandt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Valérie Cornet
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Syaghalirwa N M Mandiki
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-5000, Namur, Belgium
| | - Daniel Montero
- Instituto ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Grupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA), Muelle de Taliarte s/n, 35200 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment (ILEE), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles, 61-5000, Namur, Belgium
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Prisingkorn W, Jakovlić I, Yi SK, Deng FY, Zhao YH, Wang WM. Gene expression patterns indicate that a high-fat–high-carbohydrate diet causes mitochondrial dysfunction in fish. Genome 2019; 62:53-67. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2018-0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Expensive and unsustainable fishmeal is increasingly being replaced with cheaper lipids and carbohydrates as sources of energy in aquaculture. Although it is known that the excess of lipids and carbohydrates has negative effects on nutrient utilization, growth, metabolic homeostasis, and health of fish, our current understanding of mechanisms behind these effects is limited. To improve the understanding of diet-induced metabolic disorders (both in fish and other vertebrates), we conducted an eight-week high-fat–high-carbohydrate diet feeding trial on blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala), and studied gene expression changes (transcriptome and qPCR) in the liver. Disproportionately large numbers of differentially expressed genes were associated with mitochondrial metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s), and functional categories indicative of liver dysfunction. A high-fat–high-carbohydrate diet may have caused mitochondrial dysfunction, and possibly downregulated the mitochondrial biogenesis in the liver. While the relationship between diet and neurodegenerative disorders is well-established in mammals, this is the first report of this connection in fish. We propose that fishes should be further explored as a potentially promising model to study the mechanisms of diet-associated neurodegenerative disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wassana Prisingkorn
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ivan Jakovlić
- Bio-Transduction Lab, Wuhan Institute of Biotechnology, Wuhan 430075, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Kui Yi
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Fang-Yu Deng
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Hua Zhao
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Min Wang
- College of Fisheries Huazhong Agricultural University, Key Lab of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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Wang N. Increasing the reliability and reproducibility of aquatic ecotoxicology: Learn lessons from aquaculture research. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 161:785-794. [PMID: 29960649 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory ecotoxicology highly relies on aquatic toxicity studies carried out under controlled conditions. Researchers recently expressed increasing concern about their possible lack of repeatability/reproducibility in many cases. Poor experimental designs, inappropriate statistics and lack of accurate reporting are often pointed out. However, I believe that there is also insufficient attention paid to the various experimental conditions under which fish studies are conducted. These conditions encompass numerous factors (temperature, photoperiod, food, stressors…) which modulate fish response to chemicals. Their effects are poorly studied in ecotoxicology but have been investigated for decades in aquaculture research. It is therefore proposed herein to consider experimental ecotoxicology from an aquaculture perspective. An overview of modulating factors and plausible associated experimental flaws is presented, with emphasis to fish health, growth and reproduction which are the most common regulatory endpoints. Photoperiod and temperature mainly determine growth/reproductive status for which fish also have species and stage-specific nutritional requirements. Stressors, sex ratio, density, water quality and factorial interactions may induce experimental bias. Modulating factors can strongly limit findings applicability and might explain the lack of reproducibility in some cases. Aquaculture knowledge/experience can already allow avoiding some experimental flaws (e.g., stress) while further research is warranted for some other aspects (e.g., nutrition). Detailed reporting of fish husbandry and experimental conditions is of utmost importance for study quality assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Wang
- Arkema-France, 420 rue d'Estienne d'Orves, 92700 Colombes, France.
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Baekelandt S, Redivo B, Mandiki SNM, Bournonville T, Houndji A, Bernard B, El Kertaoui N, Schmitz M, Fontaine P, Gardeur JN, Ledoré Y, Kestemont P. Multifactorial analyses revealed optimal aquaculture modalities improving husbandry fitness without clear effect on stress and immune status of pikeperch Sander lucioperca. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 258:194-204. [PMID: 28807479 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High mortality and impairment in growth rate during pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) ongrowing are among the major bottlenecks for its development in aquaculture. These failures may be related to high stress responsiveness since the rearing conditions are not yet optimized for this species. The objectives were to characterize the stress and immunological responses of pikeperch to major aquaculture modalities, and to identify the optimal aquaculture conditions for improving its welfare status. In a screening experiment, eight factors considered as relevant for the welfare of pikeperch were compared in two modalities using a fractional multifactorial design (28-4). Each experimental unit represented a combination of 8 factors in two modalities including grading, stocking density (15 vs 30kg·m-3), feed type (sinking vs mid-floating), light intensity (10 vs 100 lux), light spectrum (red vs white), photoperiod (long vs short), dissolved oxygen (60 vs 90%) and temperature (21 vs 26°C). Fish sampling occurred on days 36 and 63. Stress markers (glucose, cortisol and brain serotonergic activity), innate immune parameters (plasma lysozyme and complement activities) and expression of some immune genes were assessed. Light intensity and the type of feed clearly appeared as directive factors for pikeperch culture. A strong effect of the feed type was observed on growth parameters while survival was impacted by high light intensity. Light characteristics (intensity, spectrum and photoperiod) and temperature were identified as determining factors for physiological and immune markers. No obvious relation was established between stress status and growth parameters and further investigations are needed to improve management strategies of pikeperch culture and knowledge on the relations between environmental conditions, stress and immunity in percid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Baekelandt
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium.
| | - Baptiste Redivo
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Syaghalirwa N M Mandiki
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Bournonville
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Alexis Houndji
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Benoît Bernard
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Najlae El Kertaoui
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Mélodie Schmitz
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
| | - Pascal Fontaine
- Unit Research Animal and Functionality of Animal Products (UR AFPA), University of Nancy, INRA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 172, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Noël Gardeur
- Unit Research Animal and Functionality of Animal Products (UR AFPA), University of Nancy, INRA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 172, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Yannick Ledoré
- Unit Research Animal and Functionality of Animal Products (UR AFPA), University of Nancy, INRA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, B.P. 172, F-54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Kestemont
- Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology (URBE), Institute of Life, Earth & Environment, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000, Belgium
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Brännäs E, Strand Å. A test of “nutritional wisdom” in perch ( Perca fluviatilis ) by self-selection of encapsulated macronutrients. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lu KL, Xu WN, Wang LN, Zhang DD, Zhang CN, Liu WB. Hepatic β-oxidation and regulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I in blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala fed a high fat diet. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93135. [PMID: 24676148 PMCID: PMC3968065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets may promote growth, partly through their protein-sparing effects. However, high-fat diets often lead to excessive fat deposition, which may have a negative impact on fish such as poor growth and suppressive immune. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a fat-rich diet on the mechanisms of fat deposition in the liver. Three-hundred blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) juveniles (initial mass 18.00±0.05 g) were fed with one of two diets (5% or 15% fat) for 8 weeks. β-Oxidation capacity and regulation of rate-limiting enzymes were assessed. Large fat droplets were present in hepatocytes of fish fed the high-fat diet. This observation is thought to be largely owing to the reduced capacity for mitochondrial and peroxisomal β-oxidation in the livers of fish fed the high-fat diet, as well as the decreased activities of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) I and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), which are enzymes involved in fatty-acid metabolism. Study of CPT I kinetics showed that CPT I had a low affinity for its substrates and a low catalytic efficiency in fish fed the high-fat diet. Expression of both CPT I and ACO was significantly down-regulated in fish fed the high-fat diet. Moreover, the fatty-acid composition of the mitochondrial membrane varied between the two groups. In conclusion, the attenuated β-oxidation capacity observed in fish fed a high-fat diet is proposed to be owing to decreased activity and/or catalytic efficiency of the rate-limiting enzymes CPT I and ACO, via both genetic and non-genetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Le Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Na Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Na Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ding-Dong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Nuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu province, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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