1
|
Nong Q, Wang L, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Chen W, Xie J, Zhu X, Shan T. Low Dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA Ratio Regulates Meat Quality, Reduces Triglyceride Content, and Improves Fatty Acid Composition of Meat in Heigai Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091543. [PMID: 32882902 PMCID: PMC7552283 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with different n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on growth performance, meat quality, and fatty acid profile in Heigai pigs. A total of 54 Heigai finishing pigs (body weight: 71.59 ± 2.16 kg) were randomly divided into three treatments with six replications (three pigs per replication) and fed diets containing different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios: 8:1, 5:1, and 3:1. Pigs fed the dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 8:1 had the highest feed to gain ratio (p < 0.01), carcass weight (p < 0.05), redness a* (p < 0.01), and yellowness b* (p < 0.01). Fatty acid compositions in longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were significantly changed (p < 0.01). Notably, the meat from the pigs fed with the low dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio had higher n-3 PUFA contents (p < 0.01) and lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio (p < 0.01). The triglyceride and total cholesterol contents were significantly decreased in SAT from the pigs fed with dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios of 5:1 (p < 0.05) and 3:1 (p < 0.01). Reducing n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio upregulated the expression of HSL (p < 0.05), CPT1 (p < 0.01), and FABP4 (p < 0.01) but downregulated ATGL (p < 0.01) expression. These results demonstrate that the lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio regulates meat quality and enhances the deposition of n-3 PUFA in Heigai pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyun Nong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.)
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.)
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.)
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ye Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.)
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.)
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jintang Xie
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang 277500, China; (J.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang 277500, China; (J.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (Q.N.); (L.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (W.C.)
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Laboratory of Feed and Animal Nutrition, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-88982102
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hinrichs A, Kessler B, Kurome M, Blutke A, Kemter E, Bernau M, Scholz AM, Rathkolb B, Renner S, Bultmann S, Leonhardt H, de Angelis MH, Nagashima H, Hoeflich A, Blum WF, Bidlingmaier M, Wanke R, Dahlhoff M, Wolf E. Growth hormone receptor-deficient pigs resemble the pathophysiology of human Laron syndrome and reveal altered activation of signaling cascades in the liver. Mol Metab 2018; 11:113-128. [PMID: 29678421 PMCID: PMC6001387 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Laron syndrome (LS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder in humans caused by loss-of-function mutations of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene. To establish a large animal model for LS, pigs with GHR knockout (KO) mutations were generated and characterized. METHODS CRISPR/Cas9 technology was applied to mutate exon 3 of the GHR gene in porcine zygotes. Two heterozygous founder sows with a 1-bp or 7-bp insertion in GHR exon 3 were obtained, and their heterozygous F1 offspring were intercrossed to produce GHR-KO, heterozygous GHR mutant, and wild-type pigs. Since the latter two groups were not significantly different in any parameter investigated, they were pooled as the GHR expressing control group. The characterization program included body and organ growth, body composition, endocrine and clinical-chemical parameters, as well as signaling studies in liver tissue. RESULTS GHR-KO pigs lacked GHR and had markedly reduced serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels and reduced IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) activity but increased IGFBP2 levels. Serum GH concentrations were significantly elevated compared with control pigs. GHR-KO pigs had a normal birth weight. Growth retardation became significant at the age of five weeks. At the age of six months, the body weight of GHR-KO pigs was reduced by 60% compared with controls. Most organ weights of GHR-KO pigs were reduced proportionally to body weight. However, the weights of liver, kidneys, and heart were disproportionately reduced, while the relative brain weight was almost doubled. GHR-KO pigs had a markedly increased percentage of total body fat relative to body weight and displayed transient juvenile hypoglycemia along with decreased serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Analysis of insulin receptor related signaling in the liver of adult fasted pigs revealed increased phosphorylation of IRS1 and PI3K. In agreement with the loss of GHR, phosphorylation of STAT5 was significantly reduced. In contrast, phosphorylation of JAK2 was significantly increased, possibly due to the increased serum leptin levels and increased hepatic leptin receptor expression and activation in GHR-KO pigs. In addition, increased mTOR phosphorylation was observed in GHR-KO liver samples, and phosphorylation studies of downstream substrates suggested the activation of mainly mTOR complex 2. CONCLUSION GHR-KO pigs resemble the pathophysiology of LS and are an interesting model for mechanistic studies and treatment trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arne Hinrichs
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Barbara Kessler
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mayuko Kurome
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Andreas Blutke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Maren Bernau
- Livestock Center of the Veterinary Faculty, LMU Munich, St.-Hubertus-Str. 12, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Armin M Scholz
- Livestock Center of the Veterinary Faculty, LMU Munich, St.-Hubertus-Str. 12, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simone Renner
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bultmann
- Human Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Heinrich Leonhardt
- Human Biology and Bioimaging, Faculty of Biology, Biocenter, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabĕ de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, and Chair of Experimental Genetics, Technical University of Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Nagashima
- Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Cell Signaling Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Werner F Blum
- University Children`s Hospital, University of Giessen, Feulgenstr.12, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Endocrine Laboratory, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Wanke
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Center for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, LMU Munich, Veterinärstr. 13, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany; Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Hackerstr. 27, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany; Meiji University International Institute for Bio-Resource Research, 1-1-1 Higashimita, Tama, Kawasaki, 214-8571, Japan; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Laboratory for Functional Genome Analysis (LAFUGA), Gene Center, LMU Munich, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, 81377 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eastwood L, Leterme P, Beaulieu AD. Body fat mobilization during lactation in high-producing sows fed varied omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2015-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of reducing dietary omega (n)-6 to n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratios on body fat mobilization in lactating sows (n = 100) were investigated. Treatments consisted of a control (tallow, low polyunsaturated FA, 8:1 n-6:n-3 ratio), 3 diets with plant oil based ratios (9:1P, 5:1P, and 1:1P), and a 5:1 fish oil diet (5:1F). An epinephrine [1.6 μg kg−1 body weight (BW)] challenge was used to measure adipose tissue lipolytic activity (glycerol, NEFA, and leptin) on d 5 of lactation from a subset of sows (9:1P and 1:1P groups) fitted with jugular catheters. Lactation feed intake was greatest for control and 5:1P-fed sows (8.3 kg d−1), lowest for 1:1P-fed sows (7.4 kg d−1), and intermediate for 9:1P- and 5:1F-fed sows (7.7 kg d−1; P = 0.047). Piglet average daily gain (ADG) and estimated milk output were unaffected by diet (P > 0.10). The 1:1P-fed sows had (P < 0.10) greater backfat thickness, increased circulating leptin, and reduced feed intake, which are correlated (P < 0.10) with increased circulating glycerol and NEFA. Sows fed a plant oil based 1:1 n-6:n-3 FA ratio appeared to be in a state of negative energy balance; however, as no effects were observed on piglet ADG, these sows were able to provide the same level of nutrients to their offspring as the 9:1P fed sows.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Eastwood
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., 8 Street East, Saskatoon, SK S7 H 0T8, Canada
| | - Pascal Leterme
- BUNGE Global Innovation, calle Constitució 1, 08960 St Just Desvern, Spain
| | - A. Denise Beaulieu
- Prairie Swine Centre Inc., 8 Street East, Saskatoon, SK S7 H 0T8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Erkens T, Vandesompele J, Van Zeveren A, Peelman LJ. Correlation between porcine PPARGC1A mRNA expression and its downstream target genes in backfat and longissimus dorsi muscle. J Appl Genet 2010; 50:361-9. [PMID: 19875886 DOI: 10.1007/bf03195694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of in vivo relationship between the coactivator PPARGC1A and its target genes is very limited, especially in the pig. In this study, a real-time PCR experiment was performed on longissimus dorsi muscle (MLD) and backfat with 10 presumed PPARGC1A downstream target genes, involved in energy and fat metabolism, to identify possible relationships with PPARGC1A mRNA expression in vivo in the pig (n = 20). Except for UCP3 and LPL, a very significant difference in expression was found between MLD and backfat for all genes (P < 0.01). Hierarchical cluster analysis and the significant pairing of mRNA expression data between sampling locations suggested a genetic regulation of the expression of several target genes. A positive correlation with PPARGC1A was found for CPT1B, GLUT4, PDK4, and TFAM (P < 0.0001). A negative correlation was found for UCP2, FABP4, LEP (P < 0.0001), and TNF (P = 0.0071). No significant correlation was detected for UCP3 and LPL. This study provides evidence for a clear difference in mRNA expression of crucial genes in fat and energy metabolism between 2 important tissues. Our data suggest a clear impact of PPARGC1A on energy and lipid metabolism in vivo in the pig, through several of these downstream target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Erkens
- Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Belgium.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|