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Association Analysis between Genetic Variants of elovl5a and elovl5b and Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030466. [PMID: 35336839 PMCID: PMC8945013 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary PUFAs have an essential impact on human health, but their availability constitutes a critical bottleneck in food production. Although fish is the traditional source of PUFAs, it is limited by the stagnation of fisheries. Many studies aim to increase the PUFA products of fish. Genetic markers are efficient in aquaculture breeding. Fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) and elongase 5 (elovl5) are the rate-limiting enzymes in the synthesis of PUFAs. The allo-tetraploid common carp is able to biosynthesize endogenous PUFAs. However, selective breeding common carp with high PUFA contents was hindered due to a lack of effective molecular markers. For future breeding common carp capable of producing endogenous PUFAs more effectively, we previously identified the polymorphisms in the coding regions of two duplicated fads2, fads2a and fads2b. However, the polymorphisms in the duplicated elovl5, elovl5a and elovl5b, were not detected. This study screened the genetic variants in the coding regions of elovl5a and elovl5b. Moreover, the joint effects of multiple coding SNPs in fads2b and elovl5b, two major genes regulating the PUFA biosynthesis, were evidenced with the increased explained percentages of the PUFA contents. These polymorphisms in these two genes were used to evaluate the breeding values of PUFAs. These SNPs would be potential markers for future selection to improve the PUFA contents in common carp. Abstract The allo-tetraploid common carp, one widely cultured food fish, is able to produce poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The genetic markers on the PUFA contents for breeding was limited. The polymorphisms in elovl5a and elovl5b, the rate-limiting enzymes in the PUFA biosynthesis, have not been investigated yet. Herein, we identified one coding SNP (cSNP) in elovl5a associated with the content of one PUFA and two cSNPs in elovl5b with the contents of eight PUFAs. The heterozygous genotypes in these three loci were associated with higher contents than the homozygotes. Together with previously identified two associated cSNPs in fads2b, we found the joint effect of these four cSNPs in fads2b and elovl5b on the PUFA contents with the increased explained percentages of PUFA contents. The genotype combinations of more heterozygotes were associated with higher PUFA contents than the other combinations. Using ten genomic selection programs with all cSNPs in fads2b and elovl5b, we obtained the high and positive correlations between the phenotypes and the estimated breeding values of eight PUFAs. These results suggested that elovl5b might be the major gene corresponding to common carp PUFA contents compared with elovl5a. The cSNP combinations in fads2b and elovl5b and the optimal genomic selection program will be used in the future selection breeding to improve the PUFA contents of common carp.
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Association between the Polymorphisms of fads2a and fads2b and Poly-Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Common Carp ( Cyprinus carpio). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061780. [PMID: 34203588 PMCID: PMC8232129 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fishes are the major dietary source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for humans. The limited availability of PUFAs derived from fish represents a critical bottleneck in food production systems, one that numerous research institutions and aqua-feed companies in this field are trying to overcome. This problem could be minimized by select-bred fish to be capable of more effectively producing endogenous PUFAs. Fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in the synthesis of PUFAs. The common carp, one of the most important food and ornamental allo-tetraploid fish, encodes two fads2 genes (fads2a and fads2b). The PUFA contents among common carp individuals were numerous, suggesting that there might exist polymorphisms in fads2a and fads2b. However, selective breeding of common carp with high PUFA contents was hindered due to a lack of effective molecular markers. This study investigated the contents of PUFAs in common carp and identified polymorphisms in the CDS regions of fads2a and fads2b. The association study identified three cSNPs associated with the PUFA contents and suggested that fads2b might be the major gene responding for common carp PUFA contents. These cSNPs would be potential markers for future selection to improve the PUFA contents in common carp. Abstract Fatty acid desaturase 2 (fads2) is one of the rate-limiting enzymes in PUFAs biosynthesis. Compared with the diploid fish encoding one fads2, the allo-tetraploid common carp, one most important food fish, encodes two fads2 genes (fads2a and fads2b). The associations between the contents of different PUFAs and the polymorphisms of fads2a and fads2b have not been studied. The contents of 12 PUFAs in common carp individuals were measured, and the polymorphisms in the coding sequences of fads2a and fads2b were screened. We identified five coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (cSNPs) in fads2a and eleven cSNPs in fads2b. Using the mixed linear model and analysis of variance, a synonymous fads2a cSNP was significantly associated with the content of C20:3n-6. One non-synonymous fads2b cSNP (fads2b.751) and one synonymous fads2b cSNP (fads2b.1197) were associated with the contents of seven PUFAs and the contents of six PUFAs, respectively. The heterozygous genotypes in both loci were associated with higher contents than the homozygous genotypes. The fads2b.751 genotype explained more phenotype variation than the fads2b.1197 genotype. These two SNPs were distributed in one haplotype block and associated with the contents of five common PUFAs. These results suggested that fads2b might be the major gene responding to common carp PUFA contents and that fads.751 might be the main effect SNP. These cSNPs would be potential markers for future selection to improve the PUFA contents in common carp.
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Proskura WS, Liput M, Zaborski D, Sobek Z, Yu YH, Cheng YH, Dybus A. The effect of polymorphism in the FADS2 gene on the fatty acid composition of bovine milk. Arch Anim Breed 2019; 62:547-555. [PMID: 31807666 PMCID: PMC6852874 DOI: 10.5194/aab-62-547-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play a role in a wide
variety of physiological processes. They are produced by a series of
desaturation and elongation reactions. Δ-6-desaturase is a
membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of α-linolenic acid
(C18:3n-3) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6) to stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) and
γ-linolenic acid (18:3n-6). It is encoded by the FADS2 gene located on bovine
chromosome 29. The aim of this study was to identify a single nucleotide
polymorphism in the FADS2 gene and to determine possible associations with milk
fatty acid composition in two breeds of dairy cattle, i.e., Jersey and Polish
Holstein-Friesian. Direct DNA sequencing revealed the presence of an A-to-G
substitution in intron 3 of the FADS2 gene (rs209202414). Both populations were
genotyped with an appropriate PCR-RFLP assay. The following genotype
distributions were observed: for Jerseys, AA = 0.24, AG = 0.63, and GG = 0.13; for
Polish Holstein-Friesians, AA = 0.17, AG = 0.40, and GG = 0.43. In Jerseys,
statistically significant relationships were found between the FASD2 genotypes
and the following milk fatty acids: lauric (P=0.0486), behenic (P=0.0199),
lignoceric (P=0.0209), oleic (P=0.0386), eicosatrienoic (P=0.0113), and
docosadienoic (P=0.0181). In Polish Holstein-Friesian cows, significant
associations were observed for erucic (P=0.0460) and docosahexaenoic (P=0.0469)
acids. The study indicated the A-to-G substitution (rs209202414) in the bovine
FADS2 gene as a potential genetic marker for fatty acid composition in cattle
milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Stanisław Proskura
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin 71-270, Poland
| | - Michał Liput
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin 71-270, Poland
| | - Daniel Zaborski
- Laboratory of Biostatistics, Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin 71-270, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sobek
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań 60-637, Poland
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, I-Lan 260, Taiwan
| | - Andrzej Dybus
- Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Ruminants Science, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin 71-270, Poland
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Khalili Tilami S, Sampels S, Zajíc T, Krejsa J, Másílko J, Mráz J. Nutritional value of several commercially important river fish species from the Czech Republic. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5729. [PMID: 30345172 PMCID: PMC6187990 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proximate and fatty acid (FA) composition of seven freshwater fish species from the Czech Republic were examined. Moreover, the index of atherogenicity (IA) and the index of thrombogenicity (IT) were calculated from the obtained data. These two indices along with the total content of the essential n-3 FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as the ratio of n-6/n3 FAs, provide good indicators for the nutritional value of the fish. The species had been selected owing to the limited amount of information about their nutritional composition available. Furthermore, they are not typically subject to aquaculture, being almost exclusively obtained by angling. The protein content was relatively stable in all species (17.1 ± 1.55 to 19.2 ± 2.20 g/100 g). The content of carbohydrates ranged from 0.02 ± 0.1 to 0.99 ± 0.0 g/100 g and ash from 1.08 ± 0.20 to 2.54 ± 1.57 g/100 g. As expected, a high variability was observed in the fat content (0.74 ± 0.04 to 4.04 ± 0.81 g/100 g) and the FA composition, as well as the contents of EPA and DHA. IA and IT were close to the values stated for the Eskimo diet, indicating a high nutritional value with a positive effect for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Khalili Tilami
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Sampels
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.,Department of Molecular Sciences, BioCenter, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tomáš Zajíc
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Krejsa
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Másílko
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mráz
- Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Centre of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Castellini C, Dal Bosco A, Mattioli S, Davidescu M, Corazzi L, Macchioni L, Rimoldi S, Terova G. Activity, Expression, and Substrate Preference of the Δ(6)-Desaturase in Slow- or Fast-Growing Rabbit Genotypes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:792-800. [PMID: 26745387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper liver fatty acid Δ(6) desaturation (fads2) activity was analyzed in two rabbit strains with slow- (S, 27.5 g/day) or fast-growing (F, 48.5 g/day) rate. The fatty acid profile of the liver showed a different PUFA profile in the two strains with a lower n-6/n-3 ratio in the S rabbits. The expression of fads2 was 2-fold higher in S than in F rabbits, whereas enzyme activity was higher in F and more oriented toward the desaturation of linoleic acid (90%). In contrast, S showed a higher preference for linolenic acid (38.9 vs 10%). This study identified a single difference in the fads2 amino acid sequence between these two strains. Such a difference consists in the substitution of Gly104 to Ser104 in the sequence of F fads2. These results indicate for the first time that genetic selection for performance may affect the preference for PUFA toward desaturation of linoleic/linolenic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia , Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia , Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Science, University of Perugia , Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Magdalena Davidescu
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Piazza Gambuli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lanfranco Corazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Piazza Gambuli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Lara Macchioni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia , Piazza Gambuli 1, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Simona Rimoldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria , Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Genciana Terova
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria , Via J. H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Inter-University Centre for Research in Protein Biotechnologies, "The Protein Factory", Polytechnic University of Milan and University of Insubria , 21100 Varese, Italy
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