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Johnson AJ, Abdel Moniem HEM, Flanders KL, Buntin GD, Reay-Jones FPF, Reisig D, Stuart JJ, Subramanyam S, Shukle RH, Schemerhorn BJ. A Novel, Economical Way to Assess Virulence in Field Populations of Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) Utilizing Wheat Resistance Gene H13 as a Model. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 110:1863-1868. [PMID: 28520950 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mayetiola destructor (Say) is a serious pest of wheat, Triticum aestivum L., in North America, North Africa, and Central Asia. Singly deployed resistance genes in wheat cultivars have provided effective management of Hessian fly populations for >50 yr. Thirty-five H genes have been documented. Defense mediated by the H gene constitutes strong selection on the Hessian fly population, killing 100% of larvae. A mutation in a matching Hessian fly avirulence gene confers virulence to the H gene, leading to survival on the resistant plant. As the frequency of virulence rises in the population, the H gene loses its effectiveness for pest management. Knowing the frequency of virulence in the population is not only important for monitoring but also for decisions about which H gene should be deployed in regional wheat breeding programs. Here, we present a novel assay for detecting virulence in the field. Hessian fly males were collected in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina using sticky traps baited with Hessian fly sex pheromone. Utilizing two PCR reactions, diagnostic molecular markers for the six alleles controlling avirulence and virulence to H13 can be scored based on band size. Throughout the southeast, all three avirulence and three virulence alleles can be identified. In South Carolina, the PCR assay was sensitive enough to detect the spread of virulence into two counties previously documented as 100% susceptible to H13. The new assay also indicates that the previous methods overestimated virulence in the field owing to scoring of the plant instead of the insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha J Johnson
- USDA-ARS, Crop Protection and Pest Control Research Unit, 170 South University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 South State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Hossam E M Abdel Moniem
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 South State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Kathy L Flanders
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, 201 Extension Hall, Auburn, AL 36849
| | - G David Buntin
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia-Griffin Campus, 1109 Experiment St., Griffin, GA 30223
| | - Francis P F Reay-Jones
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Pee Dee Research and Education Center, 2200 Pocket Rd., Florence, SC 29506
| | - Dominic Reisig
- Vernon James Research and Extension Center, 207 Research Station Rd., Plymouth, NC 27962
| | - Jeffery J Stuart
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 South State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | | | | | - Brandon J Schemerhorn
- USDA-ARS, Crop Protection and Pest Control Research Unit, 170 South University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, 901 South State St., West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Ashfaq M, Hebert PDN. DNA barcodes for bio-surveillance: regulated and economically important arthropod plant pests. Genome 2016; 59:933-945. [PMID: 27753511 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2016-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Many of the arthropod species that are important pests of agriculture and forestry are impossible to discriminate morphologically throughout all of their life stages. Some cannot be differentiated at any life stage. Over the past decade, DNA barcoding has gained increasing adoption as a tool to both identify known species and to reveal cryptic taxa. Although there has not been a focused effort to develop a barcode library for them, reference sequences are now available for 77% of the 409 species of arthropods documented on major pest databases. Aside from developing the reference library needed to guide specimen identifications, past barcode studies have revealed that a significant fraction of arthropod pests are a complex of allied taxa. Because of their importance as pests and disease vectors impacting global agriculture and forestry, DNA barcode results on these arthropods have significant implications for quarantine detection, regulation, and management. The current review discusses these implications in light of the presence of cryptic species in plant pests exposed by DNA barcoding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul D N Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.,Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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Johnson AJ, Shukle RH, Chen MS, Srivastava S, Subramanyam S, Schemerhorn BJ, Weintraub PG, Abdel Moniem HEM, Flanders KL, Buntin GD, Williams CE. Differential expression of candidate salivary effector proteins in field collections of Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 24:191-202. [PMID: 25528896 PMCID: PMC4406158 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that some proteins secreted by gall-forming parasites of plants act as effectors responsible for systemic changes in the host plant, such as galling and nutrient tissue formation. A large number of secreted salivary gland proteins (SSGPs) that are the putative effectors responsible for the physiological changes elicited in susceptible seedling wheat by Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), larvae have been documented. However, how the genes encoding these candidate effectors might respond under field conditions is unknown. The goal of this study was to use microarray analysis to investigate variation in SSGP transcript abundance amongst field collections from different geographical regions (southeastern USA, central USA, and the Middle East). Results revealed significant variation in SSGP transcript abundance amongst the field collections studied. The field collections separated into three distinct groups that corresponded to the wheat classes grown in the different geographical regions as well as to recently described Hessian fly populations. These data support previous reports correlating Hessian fly population structure with micropopulation differences owing to agro-ecosystem parameters such as cultivation of regionally adapted wheat varieties, deployment of resistance genes and variation in climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Johnson
- USDA-ARS, Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Population structure and the colonization route of one of the oldest North American invasive insects: stories from the worn road of the Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say). PLoS One 2013; 8:e59833. [PMID: 23544103 PMCID: PMC3609732 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
An integral part to understanding the biology of an invasive species is determining its origin, particularly in pest species. As one of the oldest known invasive species, the goals of this study were to evaluate the evidence of a westward expansion of Hessian fly into North America, from a potential singular introduction event, and the population genetic structure of current populations. Levels of genetic diversity and population structure in the Hessian fly were compared across North America, Europe, North Africa, Western Asia, and New Zealand. Furthermore, Old World populations were evaluated as possible sources of introduction. We tested diversity and population structure by examining 18 microsatellite loci with coverage across all four Hessian fly chromosomes. Neither genetic diversity nor population genetic structure provided evidence of a westward movement from a single introduction in North America. Introduced populations in North America did not show identity or assignment to any Old World population, likely indicating a multiple introduction scenario with subsequent gene flow between populations. Diversity and selection were assessed on a chromosomal level, with no differences in diversity or selection between chromosomes or between native and introduced populations.
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