1
|
Fischbein D, Kun ME, Chillo V, Masciocchi M, Germano MD, Cardozo A, Martínez AS. Resident Hymenopteran Parasitoids with Potential Drosophilid Associations in Andean North Patagonia: Implications for the Biological Control of the Spotted Wing Drosophila. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:18-28. [PMID: 37752294 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, is native to Southeast Asia and has become a serious pest of soft-skinned fruits worldwide. Several control methods are being tested worldwide as part of an integrated pest management approach. Biological control is a promising alternative tactic that can be used to manage D. suzukii populations, especially in unmanaged areas. This study aimed at exploring the diversity of resident hymenopteran parasitoids of drosophilids in northwestern Patagonia, where D. suzukii is considered an important pest. The survey also aimed to investigate possible associations between parasitoids and D. suzukii in several crops and non-crop fruits, and to determine D. suzukii fruits infestation levels. Fourteen sites with mainly berry crops were sampled biweekly using cider vinegar traps and collecting fresh fruits from a variety of crop and non-crop fruit plants. We identified five species of hymenopteran parasitoids, obtained from the baited traps, that have the potential to associate with D. suzukii: Leptopilina heterotoma Thomson, Ganaspis brasiliensis Ihering, Hexacola hexatoma Hartig (Figitidae), Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Rondani (Pteromalidae), and Spalangia endius Walker (Spalangiidae). Leptopilina heterotoma is reported for the first time in Argentina. High numbers of D. suzukii adults were recovered from baited traps and field-collected fruits. However, no parasitoid emerged from D. suzukii pupae recovered from fruits, nor were any dead parasitoids recorded inside D. suzukii pupae. Overall infestation levels of D. suzukii on field-collected fruits did not differ significantly between species/varieties. The results are discussed with emphasis on the possible functionality and perspectives of using these species as biological control agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Fischbein
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Eduardo Kun
- Laboratorio de Zoología, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CRUB, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Verónica Chillo
- Agencia de Extensión Rural Bolsón (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Maité Masciocchi
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Mónica Daniela Germano
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Andrea Cardozo
- Agencia de Extensión Rural Bolsón (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Andrés Santiago Martínez
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB, INTA EEA Bariloche-CONICET), Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mu MY, Chen YM, Wang X, Desneux N, Zang LS. Comparative demographics, population projections and egg maturation patterns of four eupelmid egg parasitoids on the factitious host Antherae pernyi. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3631-3641. [PMID: 37178377 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genera Anastatus and Mesocomys (both Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) are important solitary egg endoparasitoids as biological control agents for lepidopterous and hemipterous pests worldwide. Here, we comparatively evaluated the demographic parameters of four important eupelmid egg parasitoids (Anastatus fulloi, A. japonicus, Mesocomys albitarsis and M. trabalae) reared on the factitious host eggs of the Chinese oak silkworm Antheraea pernyi, using age-stage two-sex life tables, their population projections as well as egg maturation patterns. RESULTS Both the age-specific net reproductive rate (lx mx ) and reproductive value (vxj ) increased initially and then gradually decreased with increasing age in all four parasitoid species. Overall, the two Mesocomys species had higher survival rates at stable age-stage distribution, peak reproductive values, and intrinsic rates of increase than the two Anastatus species. Mesocomys albitarsis had the longest longevity, whereas A. japonicus had the longest oviposition days and mean generation time. The two Mesocomys species are thus projected to have faster population increase than the two Anastatus species. Adult females of all four parasitoid species emerged with only a few mature eggs (< 6 eggs) and most of their eggs were matured post-emergence (strict synovigeny). The estimated 90% of lifetime complement of reproduction (offspring) and realized days were 374 and 32 for A. japonicus, 337 and 22 for M. trabalae, 330 and 19 for M. albitarsis and 147 and 28 for A. fulloi. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the two Mesocomys species have higher control capacity than the two Anastatus species. Provision of adult food for these strictly synovigenic parasitoids would be essential to prolong their lifespan and continuously produce eggs for parasitizing their hosts for mass rearing or augmentative biological control programs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Yue Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yong-Ming Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xingeng Wang
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE, USA
| | | | - Lian-Sheng Zang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide; Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Faal H, Teale SA. The Association between the Distribution of Resin Beads and the Emergence of Sirex noctilio on Red Pine in North America. INSECTS 2022; 13:1111. [PMID: 36555021 PMCID: PMC9785071 DOI: 10.3390/insects13121111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationships of the abundance and distribution of resin beads (signs of Sirex noctilio parent female ovipositor activity) with the abundance and distribution of emerging progeny of S. noctilio, S. nigricornis and their parasitoid Ibalia leucospoides. S. noctilio is native to Europe and is an invasive pest of pines in the Southern Hemisphere and North America; S. nigricornis is native to North America and is a secondary pest of dying pines. I. leucospoides is a parasitoid that has been widely deployed for biological control of S. noctilio. This study aimed to determine if the distribution of resin beads is associated with the height, diameter, or cardinal direction on red pines, Pinus resinosa, as well as the distribution of wood wasp and parasitoid emergence. Our results showed that among log sections taken at five heights, resin beads were most abundant on the north, east, and south sides of logs and mid log at 4.5 m above the ground. Emergence of S. noctilio was most abundant only from logs with more than five resin beads per square meter, while diameter and height were not contributing factor. None of variables evaluated (resin bead densities, height, and diameter) had significant effects on the emergence of S. nigricornis and I. leucospoides. These findings help clarify the biological significance of resin beads as indicators of S. noctilio colonization of host trees in North America.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Faal
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory, USDA-APHIS-PPQ, 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, Barnstable, MA 02542, USA
| | - Stephen A. Teale
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Krivak-Tetley FE, Sullivan-Stack J, Garnas JR, Zylstra KE, Höger LO, Lombardero MJ, Liebhold AM, Ayres MP. Demography of an invading forest insect reunited with hosts and parasitoids from its native range. NEOBIOTA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.72.75392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Sirex woodwasp Sirex noctilio Fabricius (Hymenoptera: Siricidae), a widespread invasive pest of pines in the Southern Hemisphere, was first detected in North America in 2004. This study assessed the impacts of life history traits, host resistance and species interactions on the demography of S. noctilio in New York, Pennsylvania and Vermont, then compared key metrics to those found in the native range in Galicia, Spain. Many trees naturally attacked by S. noctilio in North America produced no adult woodwasps, with 5 of 38 infested trees (13%) sampled across six sites yielding 64% of emerging insects. Reproductive success was highest in the introduced host scots pine, Pinus sylvestris, but native red pine, Pinus resinosa, produced larger insects. Sirex noctilio required one or sometimes two years to develop and sex ratios were male biased, 1:2.98 ♀:♂. Body size and fecundity were highly variable, but generally lower than observed in non-native populations in the Southern Hemisphere. Hymenopteran parasitoids killed approximately 20% of S. noctilio larvae and 63% of emerging adults were colonized by the parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola, although no nematodes entered eggs. Demographic models suggested that S. noctilio in the northeastern USA have a higher potential for population growth than populations in the native range: estimated finite factor of increase, λ, was 4.17–4.52 (depending on tree species colonized), compared to λ = 1.57 in Spain.
Collapse
|
5
|
Faal H, Cha DH, Hajek AE, Teale SA. A double-edged sword: Amylostereum areolatum odors attract both Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) and its parasitoid, Ibalia leucospoides. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2021.101108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Faal H, Silk PJ, Mayo PD, Teale SA. Courtship behavior and identification of a sex pheromone in Ibalia leucospoides (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae), a larval parasitoid of Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae). PeerJ 2021; 9:e12266. [PMID: 34760353 PMCID: PMC8572519 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ibalia leucospoides (Hymenoptera: Ibaliidae) is a larval parasitoid that has been widely introduced as a biological control agent for the invasive woodwasp,Sirex noctilio (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) in the Southern Hemisphere. In this study, the courtship behavior and identificaion of sex pheromones are described for I. leucospoides under laboratory conditions. METHODS For courtship behavior, both sexes were observed in a wire mesh observation cylinder (75 cm length ×10 cm diameter) for 15 minutes. The female body washes were analyzed using Gas Chromatography- Electroantennographic Detection (GC-EAD). Then the EAD-active compounds were tentatively identified using GC-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and examined in olfactometer assays. RESULTS The courtship behavior included rhythmic lateral movements, mounting, head-nodding cycles in males, and wing-fanning in females. GC-EAD analysis of female body washes with male antennae revealed seven compounds which elicited antennal responses, four of which are straight-chain alkanes (C23, C25, C26, and C27). The identities of these alkanes were confirmed by matching the retention times, mass spectra, and male antennal activity to those of commercially obtained chemicals. In olfactometer assays, a blend of the four straight-chain alkanes was attractive to I. leucospoides males, and there was no response to blends that lacked any of these four compounds. Female body wash was no more attractive than the four-component blend. The ratios of EAD-active components differ between hydrocarbon profiles from males and females. CONCLUSION This study is the first investigation of cuticular hydrocarbons in the family Ibaliidae. It provides evidence that the ubiquitous alkanes (C23, C25, C26, and C27) in sex-specific ratios attract I. leucospoides males.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajar Faal
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York-Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Forest Pest Methods Laboratory (Otis Laboratory), USDA-APHIS-PPQ-CPHST, Buzzards Bay, MA, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Silk
- Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Peter D. Mayo
- Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Stephen A. Teale
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, State University of New York-Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Thompson BM, Bodart J, Gruner DS. Community resistance to an invasive forest insect-fungus mutualism. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian M. Thompson
- Department of Entomology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Jake Bodart
- Department of Entomology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| | - Daniel S. Gruner
- Department of Entomology; University of Maryland; College Park Maryland 20742 USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Amouroux P, Crochard D, Germain JF, Correa M, Ampuero J, Groussier G, Kreiter P, Malausa T, Zaviezo T. Genetic diversity of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Chile. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2014. [PMID: 28515435 PMCID: PMC5435716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scale insects (Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) are one of the most invasive and agriculturally damaging insect groups. Their management and the development of new control methods are currently jeopardized by the scarcity of identification data, in particular in regions where no large survey coupling morphological and DNA analyses have been performed. In this study, we sampled 116 populations of armored scales (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and 112 populations of soft scales (Hemiptera: Coccidae) in Chile, over a latitudinal gradient ranging from 18°S to 41°S, on fruit crops, ornamental plants and trees. We sequenced the COI and 28S genes in each population. In total, 19 Diaspididae species and 11 Coccidae species were identified morphologically. From the 63 COI haplotypes and the 54 28S haplotypes uncovered, and using several DNA data analysis methods (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery, K2P distance, NJ trees), up to 36 genetic clusters were detected. Morphological and DNA data were congruent, except for three species (Aspidiotus nerii, Hemiberlesia rapax and Coccus hesperidum) in which DNA data revealed highly differentiated lineages. More than 50% of the haplotypes obtained had no high-scoring matches with any of the sequences in the GenBank database. This study provides 63 COI and 54 28S barcode sequences for the identification of Coccoidea from Chile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Amouroux
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - D Crochard
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - J-F Germain
- ANSES, Laboratoire de la Santé des Végétaux, unité Entomologie et Plantes Invasives, CBGP, 755 avenue du Campus Agropolis, 34988, Montferrier-sur-Lez, France
| | - M Correa
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - J Ampuero
- Xilema-ANASAC Control Biológico, San Pedro, Quillota, Chile
| | - G Groussier
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - P Kreiter
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - T Malausa
- INRA, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, UMR 1355-7254 Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, 06900, Sophia, Antipolis, France
| | - T Zaviezo
- Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haavik LJ, Dodds KJ, Allison JD. Do Native Insects and Associated Fungi Limit Non-Native Woodwasp, Sirex noctilio, Survival in a Newly Invaded Environment? PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138516. [PMID: 26447845 PMCID: PMC4598122 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirex noctilio F. (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) is an introduced pest of pines (Pinus spp.) in several countries in the Southern Hemisphere. Although S. noctilio is established in North America (first discovered in 2004), it has not been a destructive pest there so far, where forest communities more closely resemble those in its native Eurasian range—where it is not a pest. To investigate the influence of the existing community of associated insects (competitors + natural enemies) and fungi (vectored by insects) on S. noctilio survival in North America, we examined stage-specific mortality factors and their relative importance, generating life tables drawn from experimentally-manipulated and natural cohorts of Sirex spp. (mostly S. noctilio, but some native S. nigricornis F.). For both natural and experimentally-manipulated cohorts, factors which acted during the earliest Sirex life stages, most likely tree resistance and/or competition among fungal associates, were paramount in dictating woodwasp survival. Experimentally-manipulated life tables revealed that protection from the community of associates resulted in a significantly, and substantially larger (>15x) S. noctilio F1 generation than exposure to it. Seventy percent of generation mortality in the exposed cohort was due to tree resistance or unknown causes early in larval development, which could have included competition among other bark- or wood-inhabiting insects and/or their fungal associates. Only 46% of generation mortality in the protected cohort was due to tree resistance and/or unknown causes. Parasitoids, particularly endoparasitoids (Ibalia spp.), showed limited ability to control S. noctilio, and reduced the experimentally-established cohort by only 11%, and natural cohorts an average of 3.4%. The relative importance of tree resistance vs. competition with bark- and wood-borers in reducing S. noctilio survival remains unclear. Tree resistance and/or competition likely contribute more than natural enemies in maintaining the S. noctilio population in North America below damaging levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurel J. Haavik
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Kevin J. Dodds
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Durham, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - Jeremy D. Allison
- Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Duval D, Galinier R, Mouahid G, Toulza E, Allienne JF, Portela J, Calvayrac C, Rognon A, Arancibia N, Mitta G, Théron A, Gourbal B. A novel bacterial pathogen of Biomphalaria glabrata: a potential weapon for schistosomiasis control? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003489. [PMID: 25719489 PMCID: PMC4342248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is the second-most widespread tropical parasitic disease after malaria. Various research strategies and treatment programs for achieving the objective of eradicating schistosomiasis within a decade have been recommended and supported by the World Health Organization. One of these approaches is based on the control of snail vectors in endemic areas. Previous field studies have shown that competitor or predator introduction can reduce snail numbers, but no systematic investigation has ever been conducted to identify snail microbial pathogens and evaluate their molluscicidal effects. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In populations of Biomphalaria glabrata snails experiencing high mortalities, white nodules were visible on snail bodies. Infectious agents were isolated from such nodules. Only one type of bacteria, identified as a new species of Paenibacillus named Candidatus Paenibacillus glabratella, was found, and was shown to be closely related to P. alvei through 16S and Rpob DNA analysis. Histopathological examination showed extensive bacterial infiltration leading to overall tissue disorganization. Exposure of healthy snails to Paenibacillus-infected snails caused massive mortality. Moreover, eggs laid by infected snails were also infected, decreasing hatching but without apparent effects on spawning. Embryonic lethality was correlated with the presence of pathogenic bacteria in eggs. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This is the first account of a novel Paenibacillus strain, Ca. Paenibacillus glabratella, as a snail microbial pathogen. Since this strain affects both adult and embryonic stages and causes significant mortality, it may hold promise as a biocontrol agent to limit schistosomiasis transmission in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Duval
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Richard Galinier
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Gabriel Mouahid
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Eve Toulza
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Jean François Allienne
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Julien Portela
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Christophe Calvayrac
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Biomolécules et de l’Environnement (LCBE, EA 4215), Perpignan, France
| | - Anne Rognon
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Nathalie Arancibia
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Guillaume Mitta
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - André Théron
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Benjamin Gourbal
- CNRS, UMR 5244, Ecologie et Evolution des Interactions (2EI), Perpignan, France
- Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| |
Collapse
|