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Toscani MA, Pigozzi MI, Papeschi AG, Bressa MJ. Histone H3 Methylation and Autosomal vs. Sex Chromosome Segregation During Male Meiosis in Heteroptera. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.836786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteropteran insects exhibit a remarkable diversity of meiotic processes, including coexistence of different chromosomes types with different behavior during the first meiotic division, non-chiasmatic segregation, and inverted meiosis. Because of this diversity they represent suitable models to study fundamental questions about the mechanisms of chromosome behavior during cell division. All heteropteran species possess holokinetic chromosomes and in most of them the autosomal chromosomes synapse, recombine, and undergoe pre-reductional meiosis. In contrast, the sex chromosomes are achiasmatic, behave as univalents at metaphase I and present an inverted or post-reductional meiosis. An exception to this typical behavior is found in Pachylis argentinus, where both the autosomes and the X-chromosome divide reductionally at anaphase I and then divide equationally at anaphase II. In the present report, we analyzed the distribution of histones H3K9me2 and H3K9me3 in P. argentinus and in five species that have simple and multiple sex chromosome systems with typical chromosome segregation, Belostoma elegans, B. oxyurum, Holhymenia rubiginosa, Phthia picta, and Oncopeltus unifasciatellus. We found that H3K9me3 is a marker for sex-chromosomes from early prophase I to the end of the first division in all the species. H3K9me2 also marks the sex chromosomes since early prophase but shows different dynamics at metaphase I depending on the sex-chromosome segregation: it is lost in species with equationally dividing sex chromosomes but remains on one end of the X chromosome of P. argentinus, where chromatids migrate together at anaphase I. It is proposed that the loss of H3K9me2 from the sex chromosomes observed at metaphase I may be part of a set of epigenetic signals that lead to the reductional or equational division of autosomes and sex chromosomes observed in most Heteroptera. The present observations suggest that the histone modifications analyzed here evolved in Heteroptera as markers for asynaptic and achiasmatic sex chromosomes during meiosis to allow the distinction from the chiasmatic autosomal chromosomes.
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Bressa MJ, Iorio ODI, Zarza MJ, Chirino MG, Iuri HA, Turienzo P. Behaviour, feeding and cytogenetic features of the wingless blood-sucking ectoparasite Cyanolicimex patagonicus (Heteroptera: Cimicidae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20200852. [PMID: 34787169 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120200852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanolicimex (Haematosiphoninae) includes a single species, C. patagonicus, which is found in the largest known colony of its avian host Cyanoliseus patagonus (Psittacidae) located in Patagonia (Argentina). Relationships between Cyanolicimex and other genera of Haematosiphoninae are still unclear because this genus shares some characters with other South American genera and possesses some similarities with Hesperocimex from the Neoarctic region. The aim of the present study was to provide additional data of C. patagonicus so as to better understand its relationships with other South American species. We examined some biological features of C. patagonicus in the field and we performed a cytogenetic analysis. We observed in the field that C. patagonicus does not live inside the hollow nests of Cyanoliseus patagonus. The cytogenetic analysis showed that the male karyotype is 2n= 31= 28A+X1X2Y and revealed an achiasmate male meiosis and of the collochore type. Our results together with available cytogenetic data in other cimicids, allow proposing the possible chromosomal rearrangements involved in the chromosomal evolution of C. patagonicus and also contribute to better understand the evolutionary divergence at the chromosomal level within Haematosiphoninae. Based on the whole evidence, we propose to place in four groups the species of Haematosiphoninae cytogenetically hitherto studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Bressa
- Citogenética de Insectos, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° Piso, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), República Argentina
| | - Osvaldo DI Iorio
- Entomología, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° Piso, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), República Argentina
| | - María Julieta Zarza
- Citogenética de Insectos, Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° Piso, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), República Argentina
| | - Mónica G Chirino
- Laboratorio de Entomología Aplicada y Forense, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Bernal (B1876BXD), Buenos Aires, República Argentina
| | - Hernán A Iuri
- Artrópodos, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, 4° Piso, Pabellón II, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1428EHA), República Argentina
| | - Paola Turienzo
- Cátedra de Genética de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza (CPA M5528AHB), República Argentina
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Golub NV, Golub VB, Kuznetsova VG. New data on karyotypes of lace bugs (Tingidae, Cimicomorpha, Hemiptera) with analysis of the 18S rDNA clusters distribution. COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2018; 12:515-528. [PMID: 30588289 PMCID: PMC6302064 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v12i4.30431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The karyotypes of 10 species from 9 genera of the family Tingidae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Cimicomorpha) are described and illustrated for the first time. These species are: Agrammaatricapillum (Spinola, 1837), Catoplatuscarthusianus (Goeze, 1778), Dictylaplatyoma (Fieber, 1861), Lasiacanthahermani Vásárhelyi, 1977, Oncochilasimplex (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1830), Tingis (Neolasiotropis) pilosa Hummel, 1825, and T. (Tropidocheila) reticulata Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835, all with 2n = 12A + XY, as well as Acalyptamarginata (Wolff, 1804), Derephysia (Paraderephysia) longispina Golub, 1974, and Dictyonotastrichnocera Fieber, 1844, all with 2n = 12A + X(0). Moreover, genera Catoplatus Spinola, 1837, Derephysia Spinola, 1837, and Oncochila (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1830) were explored cytogenetically for the first time. Much as all other hitherto studied lace bugs, the species studied here have 12 autosomes but differ in their sex chromosome systems. The ribosomal clusters were localized on male meiotic cells of all ten species already mentioned and, additionally, in Acalyptacarinata Panzer, 1806 known to have 2n = 12A + X (Grozeva and Nokkala 2001) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using a PCR amplified 18S rDNA fragment as a probe. In all cases, rDNA loci were located interstitially on a pair of autosomes. Furthermore, two species possessed some additional rDNA clusters. Thus, Acalyptamarginata showed clearly defined interstitial clusters on one more pair of autosomes, whereas Derephysialongispina had a terminal cluster on the X-chromosome. FISH performed with the telomeric (TTAGG) n probe did not reveal labelling in chromosomes of any species studied. Hence, the results obtained provide additional evidence for the karyotype conservatism, at least regarding the number of autosomes, for variation in chromosomal distribution of rDNA loci between species and for the lack of the ancestral insect telomeric sequence TTAGG in lace bugs. Preliminary taxonomic comments are made basing on some cytogenetic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Golub
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, RussiaZoological Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. PetersburgRussia
| | - Viktor B. Golub
- Voronezh State University, Universitetskaya pl. 1, Voronezh, 394006, RussiaVoronezh State UniversityVoronezhRussia
| | - Valentina G. Kuznetsova
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, RussiaZoological Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesSt. PetersburgRussia
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Kaur H, Gaba K. Cytogenetic characterization of three species of Antilochus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae). THE NUCLEUS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13237-018-0228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Angus RB, Jeangirard C, Stoianova D, Grozeva S, Kuznetsova VG. A chromosomal analysis of Nepa cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 and Ranatra linearis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera, Nepidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2017; 11:641-657. [PMID: 29114353 PMCID: PMC5672273 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v11i4.14928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
An account is given of the karyotypes and male meiosis of the Water Scorpion Nepa cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 and the Water Stick Insect Ranatra linearis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Heteroptera, Nepomorpha, Nepidae). A number of different approaches and techniques were tried: the employment of both male and female gonads and mid-guts as the sources of chromosomes, squash and air-drying methods for chromosome preparations, C-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for chromosome study. We found that N. cinerea had a karyotype comprising 14 pairs of autosomes and a multiple sex chromosome system, which is X1X2X3X4Y (♂) / X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4 (♀), whereas R. linearis had a karyotype comprising 19 pairs of autosomes and a multiple sex chromosome system X1X2X3X4Y (♂) / X1X1X2X2X3X3X4X4 (♀). In both N. cinerea and R. linearis, the autosomes formed chiasmate bivalents in spermatogenesis, and the sex chromosome univalents divided during the first meiotic division and segregated during the second one suggesting thus a post-reductional type of behaviour. These results confirm and amplify those of Steopoe (1925, 1927, 1931, 1932) but are inconsistent with those of other researchers. C-banding appeared helpful in pairing up the autosomes for karyotype assembly; however in R. linearis the chromosomes were much more uniform in size and general appearance than in N. cinerea. FISH for 18S ribosomal DNA (major rDNA) revealed hybridization signals on two of the five sex chromosomes in N. cinerea. In R. linearis, rDNA location was less obvious than in N. cinerea; however it is suggested to be similar. We have detected the presence of the canonical "insect" (TTAGG) n telomeric repeat in chromosomes of these species. This is the first application of C-banding and FISH in the family Nepidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Angus
- Department of Life Sciences (Insects), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Constance Jeangirard
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Desislava Stoianova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Snejana Grozeva
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tsar Osvoboditel, Sofia 1000, Bulgaria
| | - Valentina G. Kuznetsova
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia
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Wright AE, Dean R, Zimmer F, Mank JE. How to make a sex chromosome. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12087. [PMID: 27373494 PMCID: PMC4932193 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex chromosomes can evolve once recombination is halted between a homologous pair of chromosomes. Owing to detailed studies using key model systems, we have a nuanced understanding and a rich review literature of what happens to sex chromosomes once recombination is arrested. However, three broad questions remain unanswered. First, why do sex chromosomes stop recombining in the first place? Second, how is recombination halted? Finally, why does the spread of recombination suppression, and therefore the rate of sex chromosome divergence, vary so substantially across clades? In this review, we consider each of these three questions in turn to address fundamental questions in the field, summarize our current understanding, and highlight important areas for future work. Sex chromosome evolution begins when recombination between a homologous pair of chromosomes is halted. Here, Wright et al. review our current understanding of the causes and mechanisms of recombination suppression between incipient sex chromosomes and suggest future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison E. Wright
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London, London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Rebecca Dean
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London, London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Fabian Zimmer
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London, London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Judith E. Mank
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London, London WC1E 6BT UK
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Sadílek D, Angus RB, Šťáhlavský F, Vilímová J. Comparison of different cytogenetic methods and tissue suitability for the study of chromosomes in Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera, Cimicidae). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2016; 10:731-752. [PMID: 28123691 PMCID: PMC5240521 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v10i4.10681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the article we summarize the most common recent cytogenetic methods used in analysis of karyotypes in Heteroptera. We seek to show the pros and cons of the spreading method compared with the traditional squashing method. We discuss the suitability of gonad, midgut and embryo tissue in Cimex lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 chromosome research and production of figures of whole mitosis and meiosis, using the spreading method. The hotplate spreading technique has many advantages in comparison with the squashing technique. Chromosomal slides prepared from the testes tissue gave the best results, tissues of eggs and midgut epithelium are not suitable. Metaphase II is the only division phase in which sex chromosomes can be clearly distinguished. Chromosome number determination is easy during metaphase I and metaphase II. Spreading of gonad tissue is a suitable method for the cytogenetic analysis of holokinetic chromosomes of Cimex lectularius.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Sadílek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Robert B. Angus
- Department of Life Sciences (Entomology), The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - František Šťáhlavský
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Vilímová
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Viničná 7, CZ-12844 Praha, Czech Republic
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Bardella VB, Gil-Santana HR, Panzera F, Vanzela ALL. Karyotype diversity among predatory Reduviidae (Heteroptera). COMPARATIVE CYTOGENETICS 2014; 8:351-67. [PMID: 25610548 PMCID: PMC4296721 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v8i4.8430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Species of infraorder Cimicomorpha of Heteroptera exhibit holokinetic chromosomes with inverted meiosis for sex chromosomes and high variation in chromosome number. The family Reduviidae, which belongs to this infraorder, is also recognized by high variability of heterochromatic bands and chromosome location of 18S rDNA loci. We studied here five species of Reduviidae (Harpactorinae) with predator habit, which are especially interesting because individuals are found solitary and dispersed in nature. These species showed striking variation in chromosome number (including sex chromosome systems), inter-chromosomal asymmetry, different number and chromosome location of 18S rDNA loci, dissimilar location and quantity of autosomal C-heterochromatin, and different types of repetitive DNA by fluorochrome banding, probably associated with occurrence of different chromosome rearrangements. Terminal chromosome location of C-heterochromatin seems to reinforce the model of equilocal dispersion of repetitive DNA families based in the "bouquet configuration".
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bellini Bardella
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, IBILCE/UNESP, 15054-000, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Panzera
- Sección Genética Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, 11400 Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - André Luís Laforga Vanzela
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, CCB, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, 86051-990, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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