Kinetics of rennin action on casein prepared by ultracentrifugation

Influence of milk protein concentration on the gelling activity of chymosin and bovine pepsin

Two stages of gelling by the milk-clotting enzymes chymosin and pepsin were studied at different milk protein concentrations, using milk retentates. In each case, enzymic velocity versus protein concentration described a standard hyperbola. According to the experimental conditions such as pH and type of enzyme, which changed the enzyme concentration used, either the quasi-linear part of the hyperbola was observed, or the velocity hardly increased and tended to a limiting value. Gelling occurred with a lower degree of proteolysis of κ-casein when the protein concentration increased but a minimum proteolysis (1% of total nitrogenous matter content) was required for aggregation to take place. Gelling time varied with the protein concentration, the pH and the enzyme concentration. The final degree of proteolysis of κ-casein was the same whatever the substrate concentration used.

Structural aspects of the milk clotting process. Comparative features with the blood clotting process

The enzyme chymosin and its substrate, a casein fraction called k-casein, are involved in the milk clotting process. Recent data concerning the structure (peptide and sugar moieties) of various k-caseins and their role in casein micelles formation and stabilization are presented. The molecular events occurring during the primary phase of chymosin action on k-casein are discussed. Finally some structural features concerning more particularly the caseinoglycopeptides and the fibrinopeptides as well as the action of chymosin and thrombin involved in the milk and blood clotting processes are compared. Three examples of sequences of portions of k-caseins and fibrinogen presenting homology are presented.