1
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Increase of milk heat stability by addition of casein glycomacropeptide. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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2
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Moatsou G. Heat treatment of goat milk – A review. Int Dairy J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2022.105569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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3
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Pawlos M, Znamirowska-Piotrowska A, Kowalczyk M, Zaguła G. Application of Calcium Citrate in the Manufacture of Acid Rennet Cheese Produced from High-Heat-Treated Goat’s Milk from Spring and Autumn Season. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175523. [PMID: 36080289 PMCID: PMC9457946 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The stability of milk proteins is affected by changes in the pH value of milk, the heating temperature, and the addition of calcium compounds or chelating agents, which can cause alterations in calcium distribution. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of the use of calcium citrate to manufacture fresh acid rennet cheese from high-temperature-pasteurized goat’s milk (90 °C, 15 s) from the spring and autumn season and the effect of the calcium dose used on the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of the cheese. Autumn milk was found to be a richer source of total solids, confirming the effect of the production season on milk quality. The applied doses of calcium did not cause the denaturation of goat milk proteins and allowed pasteurization to take place at 90 °C for 15 s. The addition of calcium citrate resulted in a significant increase in the pH value of milk and cheese compared to the control sample. Adding 15 and 20 mg of Ca 100 g−1 to milk as citrate had the most beneficial effect on increasing protein retention in cheese in both seasons, showing a rise from 1.33% to 2.40%. The production season significantly influenced the cheese yield. The control goat cheese from the autumn season showed a 6.85% higher yield compared to the spring cheese. An increase in cheese yield was also observed as the calcium dose of milk increased. The content of micro- and microelements in cheese was affected by the production season. The addition of calcium citrate to milk resulted in a significant increase in the calcium content of cheese—from 120.83 to 147.45 mg 100 g−1 in the spring season and from 130.66 to 151.21 mg 100 g−1 in the autumn season. Increasing the dose of calcium increased the hardness of cheese samples by 1.37 N in the spring and 0.90 N in the autumn. The organoleptic evaluation showed that adding calcium to milk did not significantly affect the organoleptic characteristics of goat cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Pawlos
- Department of Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Agata Znamirowska-Piotrowska
- Department of Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kowalczyk
- Department of Dairy Technology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Zaguła
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Zelwerowicza 4, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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Krishna TC, Najda A, Bains A, Tosif MM, Papliński R, Kapłan M, Chawla P. Influence of Ultra-Heat Treatment on Properties of Milk Proteins. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13183164. [PMID: 34578063 PMCID: PMC8468757 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk can be considered one of the primary sources of nutrients for the mammalian neonate. Therefore, milk and milk-based products, such as infant formula, whey protein isolate, different varieties of cheese, and others are prepared to meet the nutritional requirements of the consumer. Due to its significant nutritional components and perishable nature, a variety of pathogenic microorganisms can grow and multiply quickly in milk. Therefore, various heat treatments can be employed for the improvement of the shelf life of milk. In comparison to pasteurized milk, due to excessive and severe heating, UHT milk has a more cooked flavor. During storage, changes in the physicochemical properties of milk can lead to off-flavors, undesirable browning, separation of fat, sediment formation, or gelation during the subsequent storage. Several important factors such as processing parameters, time-temperature abuse (storage condition), and packaging type also influence the quality characteristics and consumer acceptance of the milk; however, the influence of heat treatments on milk protein is inconstant. The major protein modifications that occur during UHT treatment are denaturation and aggregation of the protein, and chemical modifications of its amino acids. These UHT-induced protein alterations can change digestibility and the overall biological influence of the intake of these proteins. Therefore, this review is focused on the influence of UHT on the physicochemical and structural attributes of milk proteins during storage. There are many indications of milk proteins present in the UHT milk, and milk products are altered during processing and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agnieszka Najda
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Science in Lublin, Doświadczalna Street 51A, 20-280 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Aarti Bains
- Department of Biotechnology, CT Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Campus, Jalandhar, Punjab 144020, India;
| | - Mansuri M. Tosif
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (T.C.K.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Rafał Papliński
- Department of Vegetable Crops and Medicinal Plants, University of Life Science in Lublin, Doświadczalna Street 51A, 20-280 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Kapłan
- Department of Pomology, Nursery, and Enology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Prince Chawla
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (T.C.K.); (M.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (P.C.)
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5
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Contribution of casein micelle size and proteolysis on protein distribution and sediment formation in UHT milk during storage. Int Dairy J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2021.104980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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6
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Dumpler J, Huppertz T, Kulozik U. Invited review: Heat stability of milk and concentrated milk: Past, present, and future research objectives. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10986-11007. [PMID: 33041027 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability of milk and concentrated milk to withstand a defined heat treatment without noticeable changes such as flocculation of protein is commonly denoted as heat stability. A heat treatment that exceeds the heat stability limit of milk or concentrated milk, which has a much lower heat stability, may result in undesired changes, such as separation of milk fat, grittiness, sediment formation, and phase separation. Most laboratory-scale batch heating methods were developed in the early 20th century to simulate commercial sterilization, and these methods have since been standardized. Heat stability studies have been motivated by different objectives during that time, addressing different processing issues and targets in the framework of available technology, legislation, and consumer demand. Although milk hygiene has improved during the last couple of decades, rendering milk less sensitive to coagulation, different standard methods suffered from poor comparability of results, even when comparing results for the same milk sample, indicating that unknown procedural steps affect heat stability. The prediction of heat stability of concentrated milk from the heat stability results of the corresponding unconcentrated milk for rapid quality testing purposes has been difficult, mainly due to different experimental conditions. The objective of this study is to review literature on heat stability, starting from studies in the early 20th century, to summarize the vast number of studies on compositional aspects of milk affecting heat stability, and to lead the way to the most recent work related to compositional changes in concentrates produced by membrane concentration and fractionation, respectively. Particular attention is paid to early and most recent developments and findings, such as the application of kinetic models to predict and limit protein aggregation to assess and describe heat stability as a temperature-time-total milk solids continuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Dumpler
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853.
| | - Thom Huppertz
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands; Food Quality and Design, Wageningen University and Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Chair of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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7
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Zhao L, Zhang S, Lu J, Lv J. Effects of heat treatment and stabilizing salts supplementation on the physicochemical properties, protein structure and salts balance of goat milk. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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8
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Singh J, Prakash S, Bhandari B, Bansal N. Ultra-high temperature (UHT) stability of chocolate flavored high protein beverages. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3012-3019. [PMID: 32856323 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of two milk protein formulations and κ-carrageenan concentration (0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05%) on UHT (145 °C) fouling behavior and physical properties of chocolate flavored high protein beverages were studied. These two beverage formulations were: (i) reconstituted milk protein concentrate (RMPC-Choco) and (ii) RMPC and reconstituted whey protein concentrate (C:W-Choco). The UHT run times for samples prepared without κ-carrageenan were very short (9.5 ± 0.71 and 26.5 ± 2.12 min for RMPC-Choco-0 and C:W-Choco-0, respectively) due to settlement of cocoa powder particles inside the UHT plant leading to severe fouling. The κ-carrageenan requirement for UHT stable (UHT run times > 120 min) RMPC-Choco and C:W-Choco was 0.03 and 0.01%, respectively. The presence of higher amounts of whey proteins in C:W-Choco lowered its κ-carrageenan requirement to render it UHT stable due to additional gelation of whey proteins. This additional gelation was evident from larger average particle sizes and higher viscosity of UHT treated C:W-Choco samples at κ-carrageenan concentrations similar to RMPC-Choco samples. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research can be helpful to the food industry when formulating chocolate flavored high protein beverages; their protein profiles can be modified to lower the amount of stabilizers required to make them UHT stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspal Singh
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sangeeta Prakash
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bhesh Bhandari
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nidhi Bansal
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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9
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Zhang D, Li S, Palmer J, Teh KH, Leow S, Flint S. The relationship between numbers of Pseudomonas bacteria in milk used to manufacture UHT milk and the effect on product quality. Int Dairy J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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Meza BE, Zorrilla SE, Olivares ML. Rheological methods to analyse the thermal aggregation of calcium enriched milks. Int Dairy J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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11
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The Effect of Calcium, Citrate, and Urea on the Stability of Ultra-High Temperature Treated Milk: A Full Factorial Designed Study. Foods 2019; 8:foods8090418. [PMID: 31533213 PMCID: PMC6770255 DOI: 10.3390/foods8090418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of raw milk is important for the stability of dairy products with a long shelf-life. Based on known historical changes in raw milk composition, the aim of this study was to get a better understanding of how possible future variations in milk composition may affect the stability of dairy products. The effects of elevated calcium, citrate, and urea levels on the stability of ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk stored for 52 weeks at 4, 20, 30, and 37 °C were investigated by a two-level full factorial designed study with fat separation, fat adhesion, sedimentation, color, pH, ethanol stability, and heat coagulation time as response variables. The results showed that elevated level of calcium lowered the pH, resulting in sedimentation and significantly decreased stability. Elevated level of citrate was associated with color, but the stability was not improved compared to the reference UHT milk. Elevated levels of urea or interaction terms had little effect on the stability of UHT milk. Storage conditions significantly affected the stability. In conclusion, to continue produce dairy products with high stability, the dairy industry should make sure the calcium content of raw milk is not too high and that storage of the final product is appropriate.
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12
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Akkerman M, Larsen L, Sørensen J, Poulsen N. Natural variations of citrate and calcium in milk and their effects on milk processing properties. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:6830-6841. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Chen BY, Ren FY, Grandison AS, Lewis MJ. Comparison of heat stability of cow's milk subjected to ultra‐high temperature and in‐container sterilisation. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bi Ye Chen
- Abbott Nutrition Research and Development20 Biopolis way Singapore Singapore
| | - Fei Yue Ren
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences University College Cork Western Road Cork Ireland
| | - Alistair S Grandison
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Whiteknights PO Box 226 Reading RG6 6AP UK
| | - Michael J Lewis
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences University of Reading Whiteknights PO Box 226 Reading RG6 6AP UK
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14
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Rana B, Kaushik R, Kaushal K, Arora S, Kaushal A, Gupta S, Upadhyay N, Rani P, Kaushik P. Physicochemical and electrochemical properties of zinc fortified milk. FOOD BIOSCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Grewal MK, Chandrapala J, Donkor O, Apostolopoulos V, Stojanovska L, Vasiljevic T. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis of physicochemical changes in UHT milk during accelerated storage. Int Dairy J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Grewal MK, Chandrapala J, Donkor O, Apostolopoulos V, Vasiljevic T. Electrophoretic characterization of protein interactions suggesting limited feasibility of accelerated shelf-life testing of ultra-high temperature milk. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:76-88. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Chen B, O’Mahony JA. Impact of glucose polymer chain length on heat and physical stability of milk protein-carbohydrate nutritional beverages. Food Chem 2016; 211:474-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Effect of seasonal variation on some physical properties and heat stability of milk subjected to ultra-high temperature and in-container sterilisation. Food Chem 2015; 181:227-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Deeth HC, Lewis MJ. Practical consequences of calcium addition to and removal from milk and milk products. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilton C Deeth
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of Queensland Brisbane Qld 4072 Australia
| | - Michael J Lewis
- Department of Food and Nutrition Sciences University of Reading Whiteknights, PO Box 226 Reading RG6 6AP UK
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20
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21
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Sensory evaluation and storage stability of UHT milk fortified with iron, magnesium and zinc. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-014-0188-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Kaushik R, Sachdeva B, Arora S, Gupta C. Effect of fat content on sensory and physico‐chemical properties of laboratory‐pasteurised calcium‐ and vitamin D‐fortified mixture of cow and buffalo milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kaushik
- Dairy Chemistry Division National Dairy Research Institute Karnal 132001 India
| | - Bhawana Sachdeva
- Dairy Chemistry Division National Dairy Research Institute Karnal 132001 India
| | - Sumit Arora
- Dairy Chemistry Division National Dairy Research Institute Karnal 132001 India
| | - Chitra Gupta
- Dairy Chemistry Division National Dairy Research Institute Karnal 132001 India
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23
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Crowley SV, Kelly AL, O'Mahony JA. Fortification of reconstituted skim milk powder with different calcium salts: Impact of physicochemical changes on stability to processing. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shane V Crowley
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork Co.; Cork Ireland
| | - Alan L Kelly
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork Co.; Cork Ireland
| | - James A O'Mahony
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork Co.; Cork Ireland
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24
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Severe feed restriction increases permeability of mammary gland cell tight junctions and reduces ethanol stability of milk. Animal 2013; 7:1137-42. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731113000128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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25
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Fischer V, Ribeiro MER, Zanela MB, Marques LT, Abreu ASD, Machado SC, Fruscalso V, Barbosa RS, Stumpf MT. Leite instável não ácido: um problema solucionável? REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402012000300021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar os principais resultados da pesquisa sobre o leite instável não ácido ou LINA. A proporção de amostras de leite com estabilidade térmica, abaixo do mínimo exigido pela indústria brasileira, configura um sério problema, com uma ocorrência mais elevada durante os períodos de carência alimentar. Trata-se de um problema multifatorial, cujos fatores intervenientes são relacionados à execução do teste (concentração do álcool), ao manejo (alimentação, clima, relação homem-animal), ao animal (suscetibilidade ao estresse, potencial produtivo, estádio da lactação, sanidade, problemas digestivos e metabólicos, frações da caseína), entre outros. Existem dúvidas quanto à capacidade do teste do álcool em estimar a estabilidade térmica do leite. A indústria necessita de um teste rápido, de baixo custo e que realmente identifique o leite adequado ao processamento térmico. O manejo correto dos animais, aliado ao uso de parâmetros realistas de execução do teste do álcool, pode contribuir para melhorar a estabilidade do leite.
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26
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Chen BY, Grandison AS, Lewis MJ. Comparison of heat stability of goat milk subjected to ultra-high temperature and in-container sterilization. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1057-63. [PMID: 22365189 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Goat milk with and without stabilizing salt was subjected to in-container and UHT sterilization. Heat stability was assessed by measuring the amount of sediment in the milk. Without stabilizing salts, goat milk usually produced less sediment when subjected to in-container sterilization compared with UHT processing. Addition of stabilizing salts up to 12.8mM resulted in a progressive increase in sediment for in-container sterilization. In contrast, adding stabilizing salts at 6.4mM initially reduced sediment formation in UHT-treated milk but addition of stabilizing salts at 12.8mM increased sediment formation. Adding stabilizing salts to goat milk increased pH, decreased ionic calcium, and increased ethanol stability. Adding up to 2mM calcium chloride increased sediment formation more after UHT treatment than after in-container sterilization. These results suggest that no single mechanism or set of reactions causes milk to produce sediment during heating and that the favored pathway is different for UHT and in-container sterilization processes. Poor heat stability could be induced both by increasing ionic calcium and by decreasing it. Ethanol stability is not a good indicator of heat stability for in-container sterilization, but it may be for UHT sterilization, if milk does not enter the region of poor heat stability found at low concentrations of ionic calcium.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Y Chen
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 226, Reading, RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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27
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NIAN YINGQUN, CHEN BIYE, AIKMAN PATRICIA, GRANDISON ALISTAIR, LEWIS MIKE. Naturally occurring variations in milk pH and ionic calcium and their effects on some properties and processing characteristics of milk. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2012.00861.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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28
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On-Nom N, Grandison A, Lewis M. Heat stability of milk supplemented with calcium chloride. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:1623-31. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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EZEH VERONICAN, LEWIS MICHAELJ. Milk reversibility following reduction and restoration of pH. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2010.00649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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30
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Mekmene O, Gaucheron F. Determination of calcium-binding constants of caseins, phosphoserine, citrate and pyrophosphate: A modelling approach using free calcium measurement. Food Chem 2011; 127:676-82. [PMID: 23140718 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dairy products contain large amount of calcium which is bound to caseins and different chelating agents like citrate and polyphosphates. The present study aimed to determine the calcium-binding capacities of phosphoserine (SerP), caseinophosphopeptide (CPP), β-casein, caseinate, citrate and pyrophosphate in the same conditions of temperature, pH and ionic strength. The free calcium (Ca(2+)) was measured using a calcium ion-selective electrode and plotted as a function of total calcium concentration. The association constants and the number of calcium-binding sites were determined by fitting the experimental data to a theoretical model. The phosphate groups of caseins were the main binding sites with evidence for participation of carboxylate groups. The intrinsic association constants determined by the best fit of the data were in the order: pyrophosphate (557×10(3)M(-1))>citrate (20×10(3)M(-1))>β-casein (5×10(3)M(-1))>caseinate, CPP and SerP (∼10(3)M(-1)). These findings may be of interest for the development of calcium-enriched products to overcome calcium deficiency in specific populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mekmene
- INRA/AGROCAMPUS OUEST, UMR1253 Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Œuf, 65 rue de Saint Brieuc, F-35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Effects of stabiliser addition and in-container sterilisation on selected properties of milk related to casein micelle stability. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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OMOARUKHE ESEREOSAD, ON-NOM NATTIRA, GRANDISON ALISTAIRS, LEWIS MICHAELJ. Effects of different calcium salts on properties of milk related to heat stability. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0307.2010.00613.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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