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Michael CK, Lianou DT, Vasileiou NGC, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Longitudinal Study of Subclinical Mastitis in Sheep in Greece: An Investigation into Incidence Risk, Associations with Milk Quality and Risk Factors of the Infection. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3295. [PMID: 37894019 PMCID: PMC10603708 DOI: 10.3390/ani13203295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this work were (a) to describe the incidence risk of subclinical mastitis in dairy flocks throughout the milking period, (b) to present potential associations of subclinical mastitis with the quality of milk and (c) to identify risk factors for high-incidence risk of the infection. A longitudinal study was performed in 12 dairy sheep flocks in Greece. Mammary secretion samples from 240 ewes and bulk-tank milk samples were collected in four repeated visits over a period of six months for bacteriological, chemical and cytological examinations. Overall, the incidence risk of subclinical mastitis throughout the study period was 51.7%, and it varied among farms from 25.0% to 75.0%. The respective figure for staphylococcal subclinical mastitis was 48.8%. The incidence risk of recurrence of subclinical mastitis among ewes in the flocks was 35.4%. The most frequently identified bacteria from cases of subclinical mastitis were S. aureus and S. simulans; of the mastitis-causing staphylococcal isolates, 65.4% were biofilm-forming. Somatic cell counts in bulk-tank milk progressively increased as the lactation period advanced, with significant increases seen on the third and fourth visits to the farms. Somatic cell counts in bulk-tank milk correlated well with prevalence of subclinical mastitis in flocks. A significant inverse correlation and a significant positive correlation were seen for prevalence of subclinical mastitis versus total protein content or added water in bulk-tank milk. During multivariable analysis, younger age of newborns when taken away from the dam and consequently delayed start of milking of ewes, omission of anti-mastitis vaccination of ewes and lack of employed staff on the farms emerged to be significantly associated (positively) with increased incidence risk of subclinical mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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High Milk Somatic Cell Counts and Increased Teladorsagia Burdens Overshadow Non-Infection-Related Factors as Predictors of Fat and Protein Content of Bulk-Tank Raw Milk in Sheep and Goat Farms. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030443. [PMID: 35159593 PMCID: PMC8834117 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an extensive countrywide investigation performed in 325 dairy sheep flocks and 119 goat herds throughout Greece. The objectives of the study were (a) to investigate fat and protein content in the bulk-tank raw milk of small ruminant farms in Greece and (b) to identify factors potentially influencing that content and factors that can contribute to increased content. The mean fat/protein contents in bulk-tank raw milk of sheep and goats were 6.16 ± 0.05%/4.43 ± 0.01% and 4.77 ± 0.44%/3.23 ± 0.30%, respectively. Significant differences were seen in protein content between farms in the various parts of the country. For sheep, multivariable analyses revealed breed and age of lamb removal from dams as significant for fat content, and somatic cell counts, management system in the farm, administration of anthelmintic treatment during the last stage of pregnancy, and farmer education as significant for protein content. For goats, significant factors were month into lactation period, age of kid removal from dams, and breed for fat content, and somatic cell counts, month into lactation, grazing duration, and % Teladorsagia larvae in faecal samples for protein content. For concurrently high fat and protein content, in multivariable analyses, the following emerged as significant factors: somatic cell counts in milk, numbers of parasite eggs in faeces, and veterinary collaboration (sheep), and month into lactation and somatic cell counts in milk (goats). The results indicate that high somatic cell counts in milk (reflecting the presence of mastitis) and gastrointestinal parasitic infections (mainly Teladorsagia infection) appear to exert a more significant influence on fat and protein content of milk, in comparison to non-infection-related factors.
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Lianou DT, Petinaki E, Cripps PJ, Gougoulis DA, Michael CK, Tsilipounidaki K, Skoulakis A, Katsafadou AI, Vasileiou NGC, Giannoulis T, Voidarou C, Mavrogianni VS, Caroprese M, Fthenakis GC. Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococci from Bulk-Tank Milk of Sheep Flocks: Prevalence, Patterns, Association with Biofilm Formation, Effects on Milk Quality, and Risk Factors. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10101016. [PMID: 34681114 PMCID: PMC8533144 DOI: 10.3390/biology10101016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This work investigated the presence of staphylococci resistant to antibiotics in the raw milk produced in sheep farms, which is intended for human consumption, in an extensive study performed throughout Greece. In 31% of flocks, staphylococci resistant to at least one antibiotic were recovered; in 12% of flocks, staphylococci resistant to at least three different antibiotic classes were found. Factors potentially associated with recovery of resistant isolates were the lack of experience by farmers (<5 years), the period immediately post lambing, and the intensive management system applied in the flocks. Abstract The objectives of this work were to study prevalence and characteristics of resistance to antibiotics of staphylococcal isolates from the bulk-tank milk of sheep flocks across Greece, to assess possible associations of the presence of antibiotic resistance with the quality of milk in these flocks and to evaluate flock-related factors potentially associated with antibiotic resistance among these isolates. A cross-sectional study was performed in 325 sheep flocks in Greece. Bulk-tank milk samples were collected for bacteriological examination; staphylococcal isolates were evaluated for resistance to 20 antibiotics. Oxacillin-resistant staphylococcal isolates, isolates resistant to any antibiotic, and multi-resistant isolates were recovered from 8.0%, 30.5%, and 12.0% of flocks, respectively. Of 232 isolates, 11.6% were resistant to oxacillin, 46.1% were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 16.4% were multi-resistant. Resistance was seen more frequently among coagulase-negative (50.6%) than among Staphylococcus aureus (31.5%) isolates. Resistance was more frequent against penicillin and ampicillin (34.1% of isolates), clindamycin (17.7%), and fosfomycin (14.2%). An association was found between biofilm formation by staphylococci and resistance to fosfomycin. For recovery of oxacillin-resistant isolates, the lack of experience by farmers emerged as a significant factor; respective factors for the isolation of staphylococci resistant to any antibiotic or multi-resistant isolates were the early stage of the lactation period (0th–1st month) and the intensive management system applied in the flocks, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (P.J.C.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Efthymia Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.P.); (K.T.); (A.S.)
| | - Peter J. Cripps
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (P.J.C.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Dimitris A. Gougoulis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (P.J.C.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Charalambia K. Michael
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (P.J.C.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Anargyros Skoulakis
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.P.); (K.T.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Natalia G. C. Vasileiou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (N.G.C.V.); (T.G.)
| | - Themis Giannoulis
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (N.G.C.V.); (T.G.)
| | | | - Vasia S. Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (P.J.C.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural Resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (P.J.C.); (D.A.G.); (C.K.M.); (V.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Lianou DT, Michael CK, Vasileiou NGC, Petinaki E, Cripps PJ, Tsilipounidaki K, Katsafadou AI, Politis AP, Kordalis NG, Ioannidi KS, Gougoulis DA, Trikalinou C, Orfanou DC, Fragkou IA, Angelidou E, Katsarou EI, Tzora A, Albenzio M, Mavrogianni VS, Caroprese M, Fthenakis GC. Extensive Countrywide Field Investigation of Somatic Cell Counts and Total Bacterial Counts in Bulk-Tank Raw Milk in Sheep Flocks in Greece. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020268. [PMID: 33525696 PMCID: PMC7911129 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives were to investigate somatic cell counts (SCC) and total bacterial counts (TBC) in the raw bulk-tank milk of sheep flocks in Greece, to study factors potentially influencing increased SCC and TBC in the bulk-tank milk of sheep and to evaluate possible associations of SCC and TBC with milk content. Throughout Greece, 325 dairy sheep flocks were visited for collection of milk sampling for somatic cell counting, microbiological examination and composition measurement. Geometric mean SCC were 0.488 × 106 cells mL-1; geometric mean TBC were 398 × 103 cfu mL-1; 228 staphylococcal isolates were recovered form 206 flocks (63.4%). Multivariable analyses revealed annual incidence risk of clinical mastitis, age of the farmer and month into lactation period (among 53 variables) to be significant for SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL-1 and month into lactation period at sampling and availability of mechanical ventilators (among 58 variables) to be significant for TBC > 1500 × 103 cfu mL-1. Negative correlation of SCC with fat, total protein and lactose and positive correlation of SCC with added water were found. With SCC > 1.0 × 106 cells mL-1, significant reduction of protein content (2%) was observed, whilst in flocks with SCC > 1.5 × 106 cells mL-1, significantly lower annual milk production per ewe (42.9%) was recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne T. Lianou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Charalambia K. Michael
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Efthymia Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece; (E.P.); (K.T.); (C.T.)
| | - Peter J. Cripps
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral CH64 7TE, UK;
| | | | - Angeliki I. Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Antonis P. Politis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Nikos G. Kordalis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Katerina S. Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Dimitris A. Gougoulis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | | | - Denise C. Orfanou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Ilektra A. Fragkou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Elisavet Angelidou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Eleni I. Katsarou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Athina Tzora
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, 47100 Arta, Greece;
| | - Marzia Albenzio
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - Vasia S. Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
| | - Mariangela Caroprese
- Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (M.A.); (M.C.)
| | - George C. Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; (D.T.L.); (C.K.M.); (A.I.K.); (A.P.P.); (N.G.K.); (K.S.I.); (D.A.G.); (D.C.O.); (I.A.F.); (E.A.); (E.I.K.); (V.S.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Katsafadou AI, Tsangaris GT, Anagnostopoulos AK, Billinis C, Barbagianni MS, Vasileiou NGC, Spanos SA, Mavrogianni VS, Fthenakis GC. Differential quantitative proteomics study of experimental Mannheimia haemolytica mastitis in sheep. J Proteomics 2019; 205:103393. [PMID: 31154024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective was the differential quantitative proteomics study of ovine mastitis induced by Mannheimia haemolytica; clinical, microbiological, cytological and histopathological methods were employed for confirmation and monitoring. Proteins were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) for all samples and differentially abundant proteins were identified by mass spectrometry; comparisons were performed with pre- (blood, milk) and post- (milk of contralateral gland) inoculation findings. Animals developed mastitis, confirmed by isolation of challenge strain and increase of neutrophils in milk and by histopathological evidence. In blood plasma, 33 differentially abundant proteins (compared to findings before challenge) were identified: 6 with decrease, 13 with new appearance and 14 with varying abundance. In a post-challenge milk whey protein reference map, 65 proteins were identified; actin cytoplasmic-1, beta-lactoglobulin-1/B, cathelicidin-1 predominated. Further, 89 differentially abundant proteins (compared to findings before challenge) were identified: 18 with decrease, 53 with new appearance, 3 with increase and 15 with varying abundance; 15 proteins showed status changes in blood plasma and milk whey. Differential abundance from inoculated and contralateral glands revealed 74 proteins only from the inoculated gland. Most differentially abundant proteins in milk whey were involved in cell organisation and biogenesis (n = 17) or in inflammatory and defence response (n = 13). SIGNIFICANCE: The proteomes of blood and milk from ewes with experimental mastitis caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and the differential proteomics in sequential samples after challenge are presented for the first time. This is the first detailed proteomics study in M. haemolytica-associated mastitis in ewes. An experimental model fully simulating natural mastitis has been used. Use of experimentally induced mastitis minimised potential variations and allowed consistency of results. The study included evaluation of changes in blood plasma and milk whey. Protein patterns have been studied, indicating with great accuracy changes that had occurred as part of the disease process and development, during the acute phase of infection. Relevant protein-protein interactions were studied. The entirety of proteomics findings has suggested that affected ewes had mounted a defence response that had been regulated by many proteins (e.g., cathelicidins, haptoglobin, serum amyloid A) and through various pathways (e.g., acute phase response, binding and transporting significant ions and molecules); these were interdependent at various points. Potential biomarkers have been indicated for use in diagnostic assays of mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki I Katsafadou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece; Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - George Th Tsangaris
- Proteomics Research Unit, Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | - Stavros A Spanos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
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Vasileiou NGC, Cripps PJ, Ioannidi KS, Chatzopoulos DC, Gougoulis DA, Sarrou S, Orfanou DC, Politis AP, Gonzalez-Valerio TC, Argyros S, Mavrogianni VS, Petinaki E, Fthenakis GC. Extensive countrywide field investigation of subclinical mastitis in sheep in Greece. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7297-7310. [PMID: 29859691 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were (1) to investigate prevalence of subclinical mastitis, (2) to identify etiological agents involved, and (3) to study factors potentially predisposing ewes to subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected from 2,198 ewes in 111 farms with a total population of 35,925 ewes, in all 13 administrative regions of Greece, for bacteriological and cytological examination. Prevalence of subclinical mastitis was 0.260. Main etiological agents were staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative species), which accounted for 0.699 of all isolates recovered; prevalence of staphylococcal mastitis was 0.191. In a multivariable mixed-effects analysis, the primary factor found to be associated with increased prevalence of subclinical mastitis was the management system practiced in flocks (flocks under a semi-intensive system had the highest prevalence). Other factors that were included in the multivariable model were the stage of lactation period (ewes in the 2nd month postpartum showed the highest prevalence) and application of postmilking teat dipping. In contrast, measures taken at the end of a lactation period (e.g., intramammary administration of antimicrobial agents) were not found to have an effect on prevalence of subclinical mastitis. The results confirmed the significance of subclinical mastitis as a frequent problem of ewes, with staphylococci as the primary etiological agent. The findings confirm the multifactorial nature of subclinical mastitis and indicate that its control should rely on many approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- N G C Vasileiou
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - P J Cripps
- Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, South Wirral, CH64 7TE, United Kingdom
| | - K S Ioannidi
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - D C Chatzopoulos
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | | | - S Sarrou
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - D C Orfanou
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory of Rhodes, Hellenic Ministry of Rural Development and Food, 85100 Rhodes, Greece
| | - A P Politis
- Politis Veterinary Center, 26500 Ovria Ahaias, Greece
| | | | - S Argyros
- Laboratorios HIPRA S.A., 17170 Amer (Girona), Spain
| | - V S Mavrogianni
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - E Petinaki
- University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - G C Fthenakis
- Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.
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Mavrogianni V, Papadopoulos E, Gougoulis D, Gallidis E, Ptochos S, Fragkou I, Orfanou D, Fthenakis G. Gastrointestinal trichostrongylosis can predispose ewes to clinical mastitis after experimental mammary infection. Vet Parasitol 2017; 245:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Omaleki L, Browning GF, Allen JL, Barber SR. The role of Mannheimia species in ovine mastitis. Vet Microbiol 2011; 153:67-72. [PMID: 21511411 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2010] [Revised: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mannheimia haemolytica is known to be an important cause of intramammary infection in sheep. It usually causes severe clinical mastitis, followed by toxaemia and gangrenous necrosis of the udder. However there are limited data available on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of mastitis associated with Mannheimia species. These organisms can be more significant as a cause of mastitis than Staphylococcus aureus in some flocks. Some data suggest the possibility of horizontal transmission of Mannheimia species between ewes via lamb sucking. There is no vaccine available for prevention, and the sudden onset of mastitis and its peracute nature renders most treatments unsuccessful. This review examines the significance of the species within this genus in sheep mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lida Omaleki
- Veterinary Preclinical Centre, Department of Veterinary Science, The University of Melbourne, Corner Flemington Road and Park Drive, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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