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Tumino S, Mangano F, Bognanno M, Bordonaro S, Chessari G, De Angelis A, Avondo M. Effects of BLG polymorphism and dietary supplementation with carob pulp on ewe milk traits and fatty acid composition. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2023.2187713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tumino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mangano
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Matteo Bognanno
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-forestali e Ambientali, University of Reggio Calabria, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bordonaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giorgio Chessari
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Anna De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marcella Avondo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Tumino S, Di Trana A, Valenti B, Bordonaro S, Claps S, Avondo M, Di Gregorio P. Polymorphism at the CSN1S1 Locus and Energy Intake Level Affect Milk Traits and Casein Profiles in Rossa Mediterranea Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1982. [PMID: 37370491 DOI: 10.3390/ani13121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of twenty-seven Rossa Mediterranea lactating goats, consisting of nine homozygous for strong alleles (AA), twelve heterozygous (AF) and six homozygous for weak alleles (FF) at the CSN1S1 locus, were used to evaluate the effect of genotype, diet and genotype × diet interaction on goat milk traits and casein profile. The goats were used in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments, with three genotypes (AA, AF and FF) and three different energy intake levels: high (H), medium (M) and low (L). The diets supplied a complete pelleted feed containing 65% of alfalfa hay, respectively, at 150%, 100% and 70% of the total energy requirements. Milk yield was significantly affected by the genotype and diet: Lower levels were found in FF goats than in AA and AF genotypes (673.7 vs. 934.5 and 879.8 d/g, respectively; p = 0.002) as well as in goats fed with the L diet (651.5 vs. 1041 and 852.9 g/d for H and M diet, respectively, p < 0.001). The genotype influenced the casein profile. Specifically, AA goat milk exhibited higher concentrations of total casein and αs1-casein compared to AF and FF genotypes (for total casein and αs1-casein, respectively: 24.9 vs. 20.4 and 19.8 g/kg, p = 0.001; 7.2 vs. 3.7 and 0.7 g/kg, p < 0.001), while the FF genotype showed higher values for αs2-casein concentrations compared to homozygous AA and heterozygous AF goats (3.1 vs. 2.4 and 2.5 g/kg, respectively, p < 0.001). A significant genotype x diet interaction occurred for αs2-casein levels (g/kg) (p = 0.034) and αs1-casein yields (p = 0.027): The αs2-casein level was not affected by the diet in AA goats, whereas it increased with energy intake in AF and FF genotypes. Conversely, the αs1-casein yield gradually increased with energy intake in AA and AF groups, whereas the diet in FF goats did not modify it. The results demonstrated that high energy input, as well as the strong allele at the CSN1S1 locus, enhanced milk production and casein concentrations. Furthermore, they confirmed the existence of an interaction between αs1-casein polymorphism and diets, influencing the milk casein composition and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Tumino
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Adriana Di Trana
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari ed Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bordonaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Claps
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Bella Muro, 85051 Bella, Italy
| | - Marcella Avondo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Paola Di Gregorio
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (SAFE), University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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A New AS-PCR Method to Detect CSN201 Allele, Genotyping at Ca-Sensitive Caseins Loci and Milk Traits Association Studies in Autochthonous Lazio Goats. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020239. [PMID: 36670778 PMCID: PMC9854881 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-sensitive caseins are the main protein component of milk. In the goat, they are encoded by three genes (CSN1S1, CSN2, and CSN1S2) located on chromosome 6. A high number of alleles has been discovered for these genes in the goat species, responsible for changes in the milk’s qualitative and quantitative characteristics. This study aimed to develop an Allele-Specific PCR (AS-PCR), which allowed us to unequivocally detect goat carriers of the CSN201 allele. Subsequently, the calcium-sensitive casein loci genotype was investigated in three native goat breeds of the Lazio Region (Bianca Monticellana, Capestrina, and Ciociara Grigia). No individuals were carriers of the CSN1S101, CSN1S1E, CSN201, CSN1S2D, and CSN1S20 alleles, while a high frequency of the alleles CSN1S1F and CSN1S1A*,B* was observed. Association analyses between the different genotypes at the CSN1S1 locus and some milk traits, namely the fat and protein yielded and the fat, protein, solids-not-fat, and casein percentages without an effect on the milk yield, were observed.
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Oxidative Status of Goats with Different CSN1S1 Genotypes Fed ad Libitum with Fresh and Dry Forages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9030224. [PMID: 32182905 PMCID: PMC7139644 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Forty late-lactation Girgentana goats were used to study the effect of diets fed ad libitum and αS1-casein (CSN1S1) genotype on redox balance. The goats genotyped at CSN1S1 locus (A/A, A/F) were subjected to four feeding treatments different for percentage inclusion of dry and fresh forage: DAF100 (98% of Dry Alfalfa Forage), DAF65 (65% of Dry Alfalfa Forage), FSF100 (100% of Fresh Sulla Forage) and FSF65 (65% of Fresh Sulla Forage). Blood samples were analyzed for superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity, reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs), biological antioxidant potential (BAP) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), albumin, glucose and cholesterol contents. The oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated as percentage ratio of ROMs to BAP. Redox balance was improved by Sulla inclusion, as reflected in the lower OSI values found in FSF100 and FSF65 groups. DAF100 group displayed the highest GPX activity, while other groups exhibited the highest SOD activity. Fresh forage diets increased albumin concentration while no effect of tested factors was noted on glucose, NEFA, BHBA and cholesterol contents. The interaction diet × genotype was significant only for GPX activity. GPX and albumin were negatively correlated and were correlated positively and negatively with ROMs, respectively. Diet rather than genotype affects redox balance in dairy goats and a possible role of forage polyphenol compounds on oxidative status needs to be tested in future studies.
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Avondo M, Di Trana A, Valenti B, Criscione A, Bordonaro S, De Angelis A, Giorgio D, Di Gregorio P. Leptin Gene Polymorphism in Goats Fed with Diet at Different Energy Level: Effects on Feed Intake, Milk Traits, Milk Fatty Acids Composition, and Metabolic State. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9070424. [PMID: 31284565 PMCID: PMC6680466 DOI: 10.3390/ani9070424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In this study it has been highlighted the role of a leptin polymorphism on goat milk yield and quality and of its interaction with the energy content of the diet. Energy did not interfere with genotype effect. The studied leptin polymorphism increased healthy fatty acids in milk, thus representing a potential tool to improve functional characteristics of goat milk. Abstract The study investigated the effects of a polymorphism at the LEP gene intron 1 microsatellite region and its interaction with diet energy level on feed intake, milk traits, milk fatty acid composition, and metabolic state in goats. Sixteen Girgentana lactating goats at mid-lactation, selected on the basis of their genotype (8 goats homozygous 266 bp/266 bp, L genotype; 8 goats heterozygous 266 bp/264 bp, H genotype), were fed ad libitum according to a change-over design, with two diets at different energy levels reached with different hay inclusion: low energy diet (LE)—100% of hay; and high energy diet (HE)—65% of hay. No differences in milk yield and composition or in dry matter intake were found between leptin genotypes or between diets. Leptin genotype had no effect on plasma metabolite concentrations. The differences between diets were recorded for plasma β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) concentrations with higher (p = 0.01) values for the HE compared to the LE diet (0.44 vs. 0.24 mmol/L, respectively). Nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) values seem to indicate a positive energy balance in goats. No interaction genotype per diet was evident for most of the studied parameters. Fatty acid composition was strongly influenced by LEP genotype: L goats, compared to H goats, showed higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and 14:1/14:0 desaturation index; lower levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA); and a more favorable atherogenic index. These results seem to suggest an improvement of health characteristics of milk with the L genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Avondo
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Adriana Di Trana
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Ambientali e Alimentari (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Bernardo Valenti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06121 Perugia, Italy
| | - Andrea Criscione
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Bordonaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Anna De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Valdisavoia 5, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Daniela Giorgio
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Ambientali e Alimentari (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Paola Di Gregorio
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Ambientali e Alimentari (SAFE), University of Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Perna A, Simonetti A, Grassi G, Gambacorta E. Effect of α S1-casein genotype on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in goat milk yogurt fortified with Rhus coriaria leaf powder. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:7691-7701. [PMID: 29960787 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-14613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of goat milk yogurt characterized by different αS1-casein genotypes and fortified with Rhus coriaria leaf powder. The αS1-casein genotype was determined by isoelectric focusing, total phenol content was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC-UV analysis, and antioxidant activity was measured using 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. The statistical analysis showed a significant effect of the studied factors. Comparing different genotypes it emerged that yogurt from goats with weak alleles at CSN1S1 loci (FF) showed the lowest phenolic compounds and therefore a lower antioxidant activity compared with yogurt from goats with strong alleles at CSN1S1 loci (AA, BB, AB). Rhus coriaria-fortified yogurt showed a significant increase in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in comparison with plain yogurt. The FF-fortified yogurt presented the lowest total phenol content and antioxidant activity. This could be due to a greater capacity of proteins and peptides in this yogurt to form stable complexes with phenols. The different total phenol content detected in R. coriaria-fortified yogurt indicates that the αS1-casein genotype influenced the amount of added phenols that are bound to the caseins and, therefore, the part that remains free and that affects the biological capacity of the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Perna
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy
| | - Amalia Simonetti
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy.
| | - Giulia Grassi
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy
| | - Emilio Gambacorta
- School of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Basilicata, Potenza, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10-85100, Italy
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Hadaya O, Landau SY, Glasser T, Muklada H, Dvash L, Mesilati-Stahy R, Argov-Argaman N. Milk composition in Damascus, Mamber and F1 Alpine crossbred goats under grazing or confinement management. Small Rumin Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Caboni P, Murgia A, Porcu A, Demuru M, Pulina G, Nudda A. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics of goat milk with different polymorphism at the αS1-casein genotype locus. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:6046-6051. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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The effect of long term under- and over-feeding on the expression of six major milk protein genes in the mammary tissue of sheep. J DAIRY RES 2015; 82:257-64. [PMID: 26130072 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029915000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Milk protein synthesis in the mammary gland involves expression of six major milk protein genes whose nutritional regulation remains poorly defined. In this study, the effect of long term under- and over-feeding on the expression of αs1-casein: CSN1S1, αs2-casein: CSN1S2, β-casein: CSN2, κ-casein: CSN3, α-lactalbumin: LALBA and β-lactoglobulin: BLG gene in sheep mammary tissue (MT) was examined. Twenty-four lactating dairy sheep, at 90-98 d in milk, were divided into three groups and fed the same ration, for 60 d, in quantities which met 70% (underfeeding), 100% (control) and 130% (overfeeding) of their energy and crude protein requirements. The results showed a significant reduction on mRNA of CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2 and BLG gene in the MT of underfed sheep compared with the overfed ones and a significant reduction in CSN3 and LALBA gene expression compared with the respective control animals. Significant positive correlations were observed between the mRNA levels of milk proteins' genes with the milk protein yield and milk yield respectively. In conclusion, the feeding level and consequently the nutrients availability, affected the milk protein yield and milk volume by altering the CSN1S1, CSN1S2, CSN2, CSN3, LALBA and BLG gene expression involved in their metabolic pathways.
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Avondo M, Pennisi P, Lanza M, Pagano RI, Valenti B, Di Gregorio P, De Angelis A, Giorgio D, Di Trana A. Effect of the αs1-casein genotype and its interaction with diet degradability on milk production, milk quality, metabolic and endocrinal response of Girgentana goats. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chilliard Y, Rouel J, Guillouet P. Goat alpha-s1 casein genotype interacts with the effect of extruded linseed feeding on milk fat yield, fatty acid composition and post-milking lipolysis. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bonanno A, Di Grigoli A, Montalbano M, Bellina V, Mazza F, Todaro M. Effects of diet on casein and fatty acid profiles of milk from goats differing in genotype for αS1-casein synthesis. Eur Food Res Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-013-2069-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bonanno A, Di Grigoli A, Di Trana A, Di Gregorio P, Tornambè G, Bellina V, Claps S, Maggio G, Todaro M. Influence of fresh forage-based diets and αs₁-casein (CSN1S1) genotype on nutrient intake and productive, metabolic, and hormonal responses in milking goats. J Dairy Sci 2013; 96:2107-2117. [PMID: 23403186 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-6244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphism at the αS1-casein locus (CSN1S1) in goats influences several milk production traits. Milk from goats carrying strong alleles, which are associated with high αS1-casein (αS1-CN) synthesis, has higher fat and casein contents, longer coagulation time and higher curd firmness than milk from goats with weak alleles linked to low αS1-CN content. Nutrition also affects these milk properties; therefore, it is important to better understand the interaction between dietary characteristics and the CSN1S1 genotype in goats. This study aimed to investigate the effect of fresh forage based diet or energy supplement on feeding behavior, milk production, and metabolic and hormonal parameters of Girgentana goats with different genotypes at CSN1S1 loci. From a group of goats genotyped by PCR at the DNA level, 12 were selected because they had the same genotype for αS2-CN, β-CN, and κ-CN but a different genotype for αS1-CN: 6 were homozygous for strong alleles at the CSN1S1 loci (AA) and 6 were heterozygous for a weak allele (AF). Goats of each genotype were allocated to 3 subgroups and fed 3 diets ad libitum in a 3×3 Latin square design. The diets were sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) fresh forage, sulla fresh forage plus 800 g/d of barley meal (SFB), and mixed hay plus 800 g/d of barley meal (MHB). Diet had a stronger effect than CSN1S1 genotype. The SFB diet led to the highest energy intake, dry matter (DM) digestibility, and milk yield. The fresh forage diets (SFF and SFB) increased DM and crude protein (CP) intake, CP digestibility, and milk CN compared with the MHB diet. The diets supplemented with energy (SFB, MHB) reduced milk fat and urea, improved CP utilization for casein synthesis, and limited body fat mobilization, in accordance with a lower level of nonesterified fatty acids and higher levels of glucose and IGF-1. With regard to CSN1S1 genotype, AA goats showed higher CP digestibility and lower free thyroxine hormone and cholesterol levels than AF goats. Significant diet × genotype interactions indicated how AA goats, compared with AF goats, showed higher DM digestibility and milk yield when fed the SFB diet, which had more energy. A reduction in free triiodothyronine hormone occurred in AF goats fed the MHB diet, whereas no differences were observed in AA goats. These results demonstrate how goats with a higher capacity for αS1-CN synthesis exhibit more efficient energy and protein utilization, evident at the digestive level, and better productive responses to high-nutrition diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bonanno
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - A Di Grigoli
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - A Di Trana
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - P Di Gregorio
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - G Tornambè
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - V Bellina
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - S Claps
- Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura - Unità di ricerca per la zootecnia estensiva (Bella PZ),Via Appia, Bella Scalo 85054, Muro Lucano, Italy
| | - G Maggio
- Scuola di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali, Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - M Todaro
- Dipartimento DEMETRA, settore di Produzioni Animali, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Effect of CSN1S1 gene polymorphism and stage of lactation on milk yield and composition of extensively reared goats. J DAIRY RES 2013; 80:129-37. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022029912000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The effect of CSN1S1 genotype and lactation stage on milk yield and composition were investigated in 80 extensively reared goats. Milk yield was recorded in early, mid and late lactation and individual milk samples were collected to determine: fat, protein, lactose and casein content, pH, freezing point, somatic cell count (SCC) and total microbic mesophilic count (TMC). Relative casein composition and amino acid profile were quantified by HPLC. Fatty acid profile was measured by gas-chromatography. Genotype did not affect milk yield, while this trait was significantly affected by lactation stage (P < 0·01). CSN1S1 BB goats produced significantly higher protein and casein percentages (P < 0·05). αs1-casein (CN) was significantly higher in BB and AB goats than AF and BF, showing intermediate values in AA goats (P < 0·01). The protein percentage and the αs1 and αs2-CN fractions were not affected by lactation stage, while the casein content and the β and κ-CN significantly increased throughout lactation (P < 0·01). C4 : 0 and C6 : 0 were not affected by genotype, while C8 : 0 and C10 : 0 were higher in the AA goats than BB; most of the long chain FA were higher in BB than AA goats. MUFA and PUFA increased in late lactation. In addition, BB goats showed higher essential amino acids, resulting in an optimal composition from the nutritional point of view, when compared with AA goats. The increase of MUFA, PUFA, essential and cis-FA in late lactation indicate that the lipid composition of goat's milk, with the progress of lactation, tends to improve its nutritional value.
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Additive and dominance effects of the α(s1)-casein locus on milk yield and composition traits in dairy goats. J DAIRY RES 2012; 79:367-74. [PMID: 22850584 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029912000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the CSN1S1 locus polymorphism on 305-d records of milk, fat, protein, lactose and total solids yields, fat, protein, lactose and total solids contents in Mexican dairy goats. A total of 514 lactation records belonging to Alpine (n=60), Saanen (n=105) and Toggenburg (n=74) goats, born from 2003 to 2006 in three herds were used. Discrimination between alleles E, F, N, A* (CSN1S1 A, G, H, I, O1 and O2) and B* (CSN1S1 B1, B2, B3, B4, C and L) were made by amplification of fragments of the gene CSN1S1 and digestion with the restriction endonuclease XmnI. In order to estimate additive and dominance effects, data sets including (1) all genotypes, and (2) only homozygote genotypes, were analysed using linear mixed models. The allele A*, had significant additive effects for protein content (0·21±0·07%; P=0·002) and total solids content (0·66±0·23%; P=0·005) when compared with allele F. An unfavourable additive effect of allele A* on milk yield was found in the Alpine breed (-81·4±40·2; P=0·046) when compared with allele F. Favourable dominance effects were found for some genotypes (P<0·05) for milk yield (A*N and B*N), fat yield (A*N and B*E), protein yield (A*N and B*E), lactose yield (A*N) and total solids yield (A*N). Also, unfavourable dominance effects were found (P<0·05) for protein content (A*B* and A*N) and total solids content (A*B*, A*N, and A*F). Allele A* was the only one with a positive effect for protein content. Significant allele-year interaction effects were also observed. The presence of significant dominance effects, estimated between specific pairs of alleles, challenged the purely additive nature of the genetic effect at the CSN1S1 locus. Implications from use of CSN1S1 effects in goat breeding programmes are presented.
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Valenti B, Pagano R, Avondo M. Effect of diet at different energy levels on milk casein composition of Girgentana goats differing in CSN1S1 genotype. Small Rumin Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Barbour EK, Saade MF, Sleiman FT, Hamadeh SK, Mouneimne Y, Kassaifi Z, Kayali G, Harakeh S, Jaber LS, Shaib HA. Optimization of Saanen sperm genes amplification: evaluation of standardized protocols in genetically uncharacterized rural goats reared under a subtropical environment. Trop Anim Health Prod 2012; 44:1513-9. [PMID: 22350811 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-012-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to optimize quantitatively the amplification of specific sperm genes in reference genomically characterized Saanen goat and to evaluate the standardized protocols applicability on sperms of uncharacterized genome of rural goats reared under subtropical environment for inclusion in future selection programs. The optimization of the protocols in Saanen sperms included three production genes (growth hormone (GH) exons 2, 3, and 4, αS1-casein (CSN1S1), and α-lactalbumin) and two health genes (MHC class II DRB and prion (PrP)). The optimization was based on varying the primers concentrations and the inclusion of a PCR cosolvent (Triton X). The impact of the studied variables on statistically significant increase in the yield of amplicons was noticed in four out of five (80%) optimized protocols, namely in those related to GH, CSN1S1, α-lactalbumin, and PrP genes (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the yield of amplicons related to MHC class II DRB gene, regardless of the variables used (P > 0.05). The applicability of the optimized protocols of Saanen sperm genes on amplification of uncharacterized rural goat sperms revealed a 100% success in tested individuals for amplification of GH, CSN1S1, α-lactalbumin, and MHC class II DRB genes and a 75% success for the PrP gene. The significant success in applicability of the Saanen quantitatively optimized protocols to other uncharacterized genome of rural goats allows for their inclusion in future selection, targeting the sustainability of this farming system in a subtropical environment and the improvement of the farmers livelihood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie K Barbour
- Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (FAFS), American University of Beirut (AUB), P.O.Box 11-0236, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Polymorphism at αs1-casein locus. Effect of genotype×diet interaction on milk fatty acid composition in Girgentana goat. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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