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Serra E, Lynch M, Gaffey J, Sanders J, Koopmans S, Markiewicz-Keszycka M, Bock M, McKay Z, Pierce K. Biorefined press cake silage as feed source for dairy cows: effect on milk production and composition, rumen fermentation, nitrogen and phosphorus excretion and in vitro methane production. Livest Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Doran MJ, Mulligan FJ, Lynch MB, Fahey AG, Ryan NJ, McDonnell C, McCabe S, Pierce KM. Effect of supplement crude protein concentration on milk production over the main grazing season and on nitrogen excretion in late-lactation grazing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:347-360. [PMID: 34635358 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effects of (1) a potential interaction between supplement crude protein (CP) concentration and differing cow genotypes on milk production, (2) differing cow genotypes on milk production, and (3) decreasing the supplement CP concentration on milk production and N excretion during the main grazing season within a spring-calving herd. A 2 × 2 factorial arrangement experiment, with 2 feeding strategies [14%; n = 30 (lower CP; LCP) and 18%; n = 28 (higher CP; HCP) CP concentrate supplements] offered at varying levels according to pasture availability and days in milk (DIM) was conducted over the main grazing season from April 3 to September 3, 2019, at University College Dublin Lyons Farm. Cows were also grouped into 2 genotype groups: lower milk genotype; n = 30 [LM; milk kg predicted transmitting ability (PTA): 45 ± 68.6 (mean ± SD); fat kg PTA: 10 ± 4.9; and protein kg PTA: 7 ± 2.3] and higher milk genotype; n = 28 [HM; milk kg PTA: 203 ± 55.0; fat kg PTA: 13 ± 3.8; and protein kg PTA: 10 ± 2.4]. A total of 46 multiparous and 12 primiparous (total; 58) Holstein Friesian dairy cows were blocked on parity and balanced on DIM, body condition score, and Economic Breeding Index. Cows were offered a basal diet of grazed perennial ryegrass pasture. The N partitioning study took place from August 25 to 30, 2019 (187 ± 15.2 DIM). No interactions were observed for any milk production or milk composition parameter. No effect of supplement CP concentration was observed for any total accumulated milk production, daily milk production, or milk composition parameter measured. The HM cows had increased daily milk yield (+1.9 kg), fat and protein (+0.15 kg), and energy-corrected milk (+1.7 kg), compared with the LM cows. Furthermore, HM cows had decreased milk protein concentration (-0.1%) compared with LM cows. For the N partitioning study, cows offered LCP had increased pasture dry matter intake (PDMI; +0.9 kg/d), dietary N intake (+0.022 kg/d), feces N excretion (+0.016 kg/d), and decreased N partitioning to milk (-2%), and N utilization efficiency (-2.3%). In conclusion, offering cows LCP had no negative influence on milk production or milk composition over the main grazing season where high pasture quality was maintained. However, any potential negative effects of offering LCP on milk production may have been offset by the increased PDMI. Furthermore, offering cows LCP decreased N utilization efficiency due to the higher PDMI and feed N intake associated with cows on this treatment in our study.s.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Doran
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Research Farm, Celbridge, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland, W23 ENY2.
| | - F J Mulligan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, D04 V1W8
| | - M B Lynch
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Research Farm, Celbridge, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland, W23 ENY2; Teagasc Environment Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Wexford, Ireland, Y35 Y521
| | - A G Fahey
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Research Farm, Celbridge, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland, W23 ENY2
| | - N J Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland, D04 V1W8
| | - C McDonnell
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Research Farm, Celbridge, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland, W23 ENY2
| | - S McCabe
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Research Farm, Celbridge, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland, W23 ENY2
| | - K M Pierce
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin Lyons Research Farm, Celbridge, Naas, Co. Kildare, Ireland, W23 ENY2
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The effect of ruminal fluid pH on milk fatty acids composition in cattle. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2021-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of ruminal fluid pH on the fatty acids (FA) profile of bovine milk. The experiment was performed on 250 Polish Holstein-Friesian cows reared in 11 commercial high-yielding dairy farms. Ruminal fluid samples were collected by rumenocentesis, and fat and FA concentrations in milk were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. According to ruminal fluid pH, cows were categorized into three pH groups: high pH (pH > 5.8), moderate pH (pH 5.8–5.6), and low pH (pH < 5.6). Milk produced by low-rumen pH cows had a decreased fat content as compared to milk from moderate- and high-rumen pH cows (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, milk from low-rumen pH cows was characterized by the lowest level of short-chain FA (SCFA; P ≤ 0.05), and consequently, the highest medium-chain FA to SCFA ratio (P ≤ 0.01). The regression analysis showed that these traits explained a small proportion of rumen pH variance, which makes them unreliable indicators of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in dairy cows. However, despite the extensive variability in milk fat composition observed in this study, the effect of ruminal pH on SCFA in all the analyzed herds showed the same trend. Future research aimed to identify SARA biomarkers should therefore be conducted using techniques that allow detection of more individual FA in milk, including SCFA.
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Marino R, Petrera F, Speroni M, Rutigliano T, Galli A, Abeni F. Unraveling the Relationship between Milk Yield and Quality at the Test Day with Rumination Time Recorded by a PLF Technology. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061583. [PMID: 34071233 PMCID: PMC8228303 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Precision livestock farming, by real time monitoring of dairy cows, has the potential to generate a huge amount of data to be used for farm management purposes, as well as in breeding programs. Daily rumination time (RT) recorded by commercial systems is promising in this context because it may be related to individual milk yield and composition. However, it is necessary to assess the ability of sensor data to be used in a predictive model, but also to evaluate and standardize the correct phenotypes, and how they are related to individual variability rather than from other sources. RT data and milk test day (TD) records collected from 691 cows, monitored for thirteen months, were analyzed for the already mentioned goals and to better characterize the effect of high-, medium- and low-level daily RT on milk yield and composition. Our results showed that “animal” in a farm major contributed to the RT total variability, confirming a possible use in breeding program. The higher RT class reported the best productive performance for milk and each solid yield, in spite of a small reduction in their contents, and appears to be related to a higher degree of saturation in the fatty acid profile. Abstract The study aimed to estimate the components of rumination time (RT) variability recorded by a neck collar sensor and the relationship between RT and milk composition. Milk test day (TD) and RT data were collected from 691 cows in three farms. Daily RT data of each animal were averaged for 3, 7, and 10 days preceding the TD date (RTD). Variance component analysis of RTD, considering the effects of farm, cow, parity, TD date, and lactation phase, showed that a farm, followed by a cow, had major contributions to the total variability. The RT10 variable best performed on TD milk yield and quality records across models by a multi-model inference approach and was adopted to study its relationship with milk traits, by linear mixed models, through a 3-level stratification: low (LRT10 ≤ 8 h/day), medium (8 h/day < MRT10 ≤ 9 h/day), and high (HRT10 > 9 h/day) RT. Cows with HRT10 had greater milk, fat, protein, casein, and lactose daily yield, and lower fat, protein, casein contents, and fat to protein ratio compared to MRT10 and LRT10. Higher percentages of saturated fatty acid and lower unsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acid were found in HRT10, with respect to LRT10 and MRT10 observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Marino
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Petrera
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
| | - Marisanna Speroni
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
| | - Teresa Rutigliano
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
| | - Andrea Galli
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
- Associazione Regionale Allevatori Lombardia (ARAL), via Kennedy 30, 26013 Crema, Italy
| | - Fabio Abeni
- Centro di Ricerca Zootecnia e Acquacoltura, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L’analisi Dell’economia Agraria (CREA), via Lombardo 11, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (F.P.); (M.S.); (T.R.); (A.G.); (F.A.)
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Coon R, Duffield T, DeVries T. Short communication: Risk of subacute ruminal acidosis affects the feed sorting behavior and milk production of early lactation cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:652-659. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Johnston C, DeVries T. Short communication: Associations of feeding behavior and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3367-3373. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kirchman SE, Pinedo PJ, Maunsell FP, Risco CA, Donovan GA. Evaluation of milk components as diagnostic indicators for rumen indigestion in dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 251:580-586. [PMID: 28828958 DOI: 10.2460/javma.251.5.580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify milk component alterations that might be useful for detecting cows with rumen indigestion. DESIGN Prospective case-control study. ANIMALS 23 Holstein cows with rumen indigestion (cases) and 33 healthy cohorts (controls) from 1 herd. PROCEDURES Cases were defined as cows between 30 and 300 days postpartum with a > 10% decrease in milk yield for 2 consecutive milkings or > 20% decrease in milk yield from the 10-day rolling mean during any milking, abnormally decreased rumen motility, and no other abnormalities. Each case was matched with 2 healthy cows (controls) on the basis of pen, parity, days postpartum, and mean milk yield. Some cows were controls for multiple cases. All cows underwent a physical examination and collection of a rumen fluid sample for pH measurement at study enrollment. Individual-cow milk yield and milk component data were obtained for the 16 milkings before and after study enrollment. Rumen motility and pH and milk components were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS Rumen motility for cases was decreased from that of controls. Cases had an abrupt increase in milk fat percentage and the milk fat-to-lactose ratio during the 2 milkings immediately before diagnosis of rumen indigestion. Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that a 10% increase in the milk fat-to-lactose ratio had the highest combined sensitivity (57%) and specificity (85%) for identifying cows with rumen indigestion. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that a positive deviation in the milk fat-to-lactose ratio might be useful for identifying cows with rumen indigestion.
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AlZahal O, Dionissopoulos L, Laarman A, Walker N, McBride B. Active dry Saccharomyces cerevisiae can alleviate the effect of subacute ruminal acidosis in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7751-63. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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AlZahal O, McGill H, Kleinberg A, Holliday J, Hindrichsen I, Duffield T, McBride B. Use of a direct-fed microbial product as a supplement during the transition period in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:7102-14. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Li F, Li Z, Li S, Ferguson JD, Cao Y, Yao J, Sun F, Wang X, Yang T. Effect of dietary physically effective fiber on ruminal fermentation and the fatty acid profile of milk in dairy goats. J Dairy Sci 2014; 97:2281-90. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2013-6895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Guo Y, Wang L, Zou Y, Xu X, Li S, Cao Z. Changes in ruminal fermentation, milk performance and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp. Arch Anim Nutr 2013; 67:433-47. [DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2013.842038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Guo Y, Xu X, Zou Y, Yang Z, Li S, Cao Z. Changes in feed intake, nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites, and oxidative stress parameters in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis and its regulation with pelleted beet pulp. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2013; 4:31. [PMID: 23947764 PMCID: PMC3765726 DOI: 10.1186/2049-1891-4-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to 1) determine the variation of nutrient digestion, plasma metabolites and oxidative stress parameters triggered by induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA); and 2) evaluate the ability of pelleted beet pulp (BP) as a replacement for ground corn to alleviate SARA. Eight Holstein-Friesian cows were fed four diets during four successive17-day periods: 1) total mixed ration (TMR) containing 0% finely ground wheat (FGW) (W0); 2) TMR containing 10% FGW (W10); 3) TMR containing 20% FGW (W20); and 4) TMR containing 10% BP as a replacement for 10% ground corn (BP10). The SARA induction protocol reduced the mean ruminal pH from 6.37 to 5.94, and the minimum ruminal pH decreased from 5.99 to 5.41 from baseline to challenge period. Mean ruminal pH increased from 5.94 to 6.05, and minimum daily ruminal pH increased from 5.41 to 5.63, when BP was substituted for corn. The apparent digestibility of nutrients was not affected by the dietary treatments, except that the digestibility of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) was reduced in cows fed the W20 diet compared with cows fed the W0 and W10 diets, and cows fed the BP10 diet had higher NDF and ADF digestibility than the cows fed the W20 diet. Cows fed the W20 diet had a lower plasma concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), cholesterol, triglyceride, and total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and a higher plasma concentration of glucose, insulin, malonaldehyde (MDA), super oxygen dehydrogenises (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) than cows fed the W0 diet. Substitution of BP for corn increased concentrations of plasma BHBA and TAC, but decreased concentrations of plasma MDA. Our results indicate that reduction of fibre digestion; the concomitant increase of plasma glucose and insulin; the decrease of plasma BHBA, NEFA, cholesterol, and triglyceride; and changes of plasma oxidative stress parameters are highly related to SARA induced by W20 diets. These variables may be alternative candidates for SARA diagnosis. We also suggest that the substitution of BP for corn could reduce the risk of SARA, increase fibre digestion, and improve the antioxidant status in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Zhanshan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Shengli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
| | - Zhijun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193 China
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Chiquette J, Allison MJ, Rasmussen M. Use of Prevotella bryantii 25A and a commercial probiotic during subacute acidosis challenge in midlactation dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5985-95. [PMID: 22901468 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Prevotella bryantii 25A as a probiotic during a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge using a commercial probiotic as a positive control. Six multiparous ruminally fistulated cows (BW=685 ± 65 kg; (mean ± SD) in the mid-phase of lactation (70 to 148 DIM) received the following treatments in a replicated 3×3 Latin square design: (1) total mixed ration (TMR; control, CON), (2) TMR + 2g/head per day of a probiotic combination of Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EFSC), or (3) TMR + Prevotella bryantii 25A. The Latin square consisted of 3 wk of adaptation to the respective treatments during which the animals were fed ad libitum once per day a conventional early-lactation TMR and 1.5 kg of hay. The adaptation was followed by 4 d of SARA (no hay) and 10d of rest (adaptation diet without probiotics). Dry matter intake and milk production were depressed during SARA (22.0 and 31.8 kg/d, respectively) compared with adaptation (24.4 and 34.0 kg/d, respectively) and did not recover during rest (22.3 and 30.7 kg/d, respectively). During SARA, P. bryantii 25A had no effect on rumen pH, whereas EFSC reduced the percentage of time with pH <6.0 (71%) compared with CON (85%) and increased maximum pH. The EFSC treatment tended to increase mean pH over 24h (5.65) compared with CON (5.45). Proportion of time with pH <5.6 tended to be lower with EFSC (46%) than with CON (62%). Populations of bacteria considered to be the most important cellulose digesters in the rumen (Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes) were also monitored during these treatments using culture-independent real-time PCR methods. The population of R. flavefaciens was similar between the 2 feeding phases, whereas F. succinogenes and R. albus were lower during SARA compared with rest. In light of the present study, P. bryantii 25A did not prove to be an effective preventative for SARA. The role of EFSC in regulating rumen pH was confirmed, with a possible effect of maintaining R. flavefaciens populations during SARA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chiquette
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine Research and Development Centre, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1M 0C8.
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Fievez V, Colman E, Castro-Montoya J, Stefanov I, Vlaeminck B. Milk odd- and branched-chain fatty acids as biomarkers of rumen function—An update. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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AlZahal O, AlZahal H, Steele M, Van Schaik M, Kyriazakis I, Duffield T, McBride B. The use of a radiotelemetric ruminal bolus to detect body temperature changes in lactating dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2011; 94:3568-74. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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