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Wei K, Lu Y, Ma X, Duan A, Lu X, Abdel-Shafy H, Deng T. Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Reveals Potentially Candidate Genes Responsible for Milk Production Traits in Buffalo. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2626. [PMID: 38473873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying key causal genes is critical for unraveling the genetic basis of complex economic traits, yet it remains a formidable challenge. The advent of large-scale sequencing data and computational algorithms, such as transcriptome-wide association studies (TWASs), offers a promising avenue for identifying potential causal genes. In this study, we harnessed the power of TWAS to identify genes potentially responsible for milk production traits, including daily milk yield (MY), fat percentage (FP), and protein percentage (PP), within a cohort of 100 buffaloes. Our approach began by generating the genotype and expression profiles for these 100 buffaloes through whole-genome resequencing and RNA sequencing, respectively. Through comprehensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we pinpointed a total of seven and four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with MY and FP traits, respectively. By using TWAS, we identified 55, 71, and 101 genes as significant signals for MY, FP, and PP traits, respectively. To delve deeper, we conducted protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, revealing the categorization of these genes into distinct PPI networks. Interestingly, several TWAS-identified genes within the PPI network played a vital role in milk performance. These findings open new avenues for identifying potentially causal genes underlying important traits, thereby offering invaluable insights for genomics and breeding in buffalo populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelong Wei
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xiaoya Ma
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Anqian Duan
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Xingrong Lu
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Hamdy Abdel-Shafy
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Tingxian Deng
- Guangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, China
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Chen K, Tang L, Nong X. Artesunate targets cellular metabolism to regulate the Th17/Treg cell balance. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1037-1050. [PMID: 37024544 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01729-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Metabolic reprogramming is one of the important mechanisms of cell differentiation, and different cells have different preferences for energy sources. During the differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells into Th17 and Treg cells, these cells show specific energy metabolism characteristics. Th17 cells depend on enhanced glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. In contrast, Treg cells are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid depletion. As a potent antimalarial drug, artesunate has been shown to modulate the Th17/Treg imbalance and regulate cell metabolism. METHODOLOGY Relevant literatures on ART, cellular metabolism, glycolysis, lipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, CD4 + T cells, Th17 cells, and Treg cells published from January 1, 2010 to now were searched in PubMed database. CONCLUSION In this review, we will highlight recent advances in which artesunate can restore the Th17/Treg imbalance in disease states by altering T-cell metabolism to influence differentiation and lineage selection. Data from the current study show that few studies have focused on the effect of ART on cellular metabolism. ART can affect the metabolic characteristics of T cells (glycolysis, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism) and interfere with their differentiation lineage, thereby regulating the balance of Th17/Treg and alleviating the symptoms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Liying Tang
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Nong
- College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Jeon SW, Conejos JRV, Lee JS, Keum SH, Lee HG. D-Methionine and 2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid i alter
beta-casein, proteins and metabolites linked in milk protein synthesis in bovine
mammary epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:481-499. [PMID: 35709129 PMCID: PMC9184702 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Woo Jeon
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jay Ronel V. Conejos
- Institute of Animal Science, College of
Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of the Philippines Los
Baños, College Batong Malake, Los Baños, Laguna
4031, Philippines
| | - Jae-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Keum
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Corresponding author: Hong-Gu Lee, Department of
Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk
University, Seoul 05029, Korea. Tel: +82-2-450-0410, E-mail:
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Amino Acids Supplementation for the Milk and Milk Protein Production of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072118. [PMID: 34359247 PMCID: PMC8300144 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The composition of milk not only has nutritional implications, but is also directly related to the income of dairy producers. As regards milk’s composition, concerns around milk protein have emerged from the increased consumption of casein products. The synthesis of proteins in milk is a highly complex and high-cost process, because the conversion efficiency of dietary protein to milk protein is very low in dairy cows. Thus, some studies have increased milk protein by using protein supplements or a single amino acid (AA) supply. AAs are the building blocks of protein, and can also stimulate the protein synthetic pathway. This review mainly concerns the use of AAs for producing milk protein in high-producing dairy cows, particularly with methionine, lysine, and histidine. Understanding the mechanisms of AAs will help to promote milk protein synthesis in the dairy industry. Abstract As the preference of consumers for casein products has increased, the protein content of milk from dairy cows is drawing more attention. Protein synthesis in the milk of dairy cows requires a proper supply of dietary protein. High protein supplementation may help to produce more milk protein, but residues in feces and urine cause environmental pollution and increase production costs. As such, previous studies have focused on protein supplements and amino acid (AA) supply. This review concerns AA nutrition for enhancing milk protein in dairy cows, and mainly focuses on three AAs: methionine, lysine, and histidine. AA supplementation for promoting protein synthesis is related to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex and its downstream pathways. Each AA has different stimulating effects on the mTOR translation initiation pathway, and thus manifests different milk protein yields. This review will expand our understanding of AA nutrition and the involved pathways in relation to the synthesis of milk protein in dairy cows.
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Effects of L-Histidine and Sodium Acetate on β-Casein Expression in Nutrient-Restricted Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051444. [PMID: 34069937 PMCID: PMC8157603 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Nutrient restriction is known to decrease the milk production and milk quality of dairy cows. However, providing cows with abundant nutrients also has a disadvantage because it will increase feed costs. Under such a situation, the use of feed additives can be a good strategy to reduce the feed cost. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of histidine and sodium acetate on β-casein expression in nutrient-restricted bovine mammary epithelial cells. The results indicate that histidine has the potential to increase the β-casein levels in bovine mammary cells when the nutrient is restricted, suggesting that histidine is a potential feed additive for cows in a nutrient-insufficient environment. Abstract Nutrient restriction is a challenging condition for the mammary glands of dairy cows. In this condition, supplementing amino acids and energy sources might be a good strategy to improve the concentration of one of the most important caseins in bovine milk. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of L-histidine (His) and sodium acetate (Ace) in a nutrient-restricted (NR) immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T cells). The treatments for the MAC-T cells are as follows: experiment (1) 0–5% diluted basal medium; experiment (2) supplementation of 0–9.6 mM of His or Ace in NR or normal conditions; experiment (3) supplementation of 0–9.6 mM of Ace plus 0.15 mM of His in NR or normal conditions. The 1% diluted medium showed no significant effect on the cell viability with the basal medium; thus, it was selected as the NR condition. The relative expression of β-casein was significantly increased in the NR condition with the inclusion of 0.15 mM His alone or with Ace compared to that in control. The supplementation of Ace increased the β-casein level under normal conditions. However, it did not change the expression of β-casein under the NR condition. The results suggest that His has the potential to increase the β-casein expression under the NR condition.
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Choi WT, Ghassemi Nejad J, Moon JO, Lee HG. Dietary supplementation of acetate-conjugated tryptophan alters feed intake, milk yield and composition, blood profile, physiological variables, and heat shock protein gene expression in heat-stressed dairy cows. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102949. [PMID: 34016366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) at four levels on milk yield, milk composition, blood profile, physiological variables, and heat shock protein gene expression in dairy cows under conditions of moderate-severe heat stress (MSHS, THI = 80~89). Sixteen early-lactating dairy cows (body weight = 719 ± 66.4 kg, days in milk = 74.3 ± 7.1, milk yield = 33.55 ± 3.74 kg, means ± SEM) were randomly assigned in a factorial arrangement to one of the four treatments: control group (n = 4, no RPT supplementation), 15 g/d RPT (n = 4), 30 g/d RPT (n = 4), or 60 g/d RPT group per cow (n = 4) supplemented to the TMR. A higher dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were found in the 30 g RPT group compared with the other groups, and the 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, milk fat, protein, β-casein, mono-unsaturated fatty acid, and poly-unsaturated fatty acid contents, and serum glucose content were observed in the 30 g RPT group (p < 0.05). The milk lactose concentration was significantly higher in the 30 g RPT group compared with the control and 60 g RPT groups (p < 0.05). The plasma cortisol level was lower, while the serotonin and melatonin concentrations were higher in the 30 g group compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). Heat shock protein (HSP) 70 expression was downregulated in the control and 15 g RPT groups, whereas the expression of HSP90 and HSPB1 remained unchanged among the groups. In particular, the 30 g RPT group was considered to have an improved DMI, milk yield, and lactose concentration, as well as anti-heat stress effects due to the simulation of serotonin and melatonin during MSHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Choi
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ok Moon
- Institute of Integrated Technology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim J, Lee JE, Lee JS, Park JS, Moon JO, Lee HG. Phenylalanine and valine differentially stimulate milk protein synthetic and energy-mediated pathway in immortalized bovine mammary epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:263-275. [PMID: 32292933 PMCID: PMC7142277 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Studies on promoting milk protein yield by supplementation of amino acids have
been globally conducted. Nevertheless, there is a lack of knowledge of what
pathways affected by individual amino acid in mammary epithelial cells that
produce milk in practice. Phenylalanine (PHE) and valine (VAL) are essential
amino acids for dairy cows, however, researches on mammary cell levels are still
lacking. Thus, the aim of this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of
PHE and VAL on milk protein synthesis-related and energy-mediated cellular
signaling in vitro using immortalized bovine mammary epithelial
(MAC-T) cells. To investigate the effects of PHE and VAL, the following
concentrations were added to treatment medium: 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5
mM. The addition of PHE or VAL did not adversely affect cell viability compared
to control group. The concentrations of cultured medium reached its maximum at
0.9 mM PHE and 0.6 mM VAL (p < 0.05). Therefore,
aforementioned 2 treatments were analyzed for proteomics. Glucose transporter 1
and mammalian target of rapamycin mRNA expression levels were up-regulated by
PHE (166% and 138%, respectively) (p < 0.05). Meanwhile,
sodium-dependent neutral amino acids transporter type 2 (ASCT2)
and β-casein were up-regulated by VAL (173% in ASCT2,
238% in and 218% in β-casein) (p < 0.05). A total of
134, 142, and 133 proteins were detected in control group, PHE treated group,
and VAL treated group, respectively. Among significantly fold-changed proteins,
proteins involved in translation initiation or energy metabolism were detected,
however, expressed differentially between PHE and VAL. Thus, pathway analysis
showed different stimulatory effects on energy metabolism and transcriptional
pathways. Collectively, these results showed different stimulatory effects of
PHE and VAL on protein synthesis-related and energy-mediated cellular signaling
in MAC-T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Lee
- Institute of Integrated Technology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jin-Seung Park
- Institute of Integrated Technology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - Jun-Ok Moon
- Institute of Integrated Technology, CJ CheilJedang, Suwon 16495, Korea
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.,Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
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