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Bargues MD, Malandrini JB, Artigas P, Soria CC, Velásquez JN, Carnevale S, Mateo L, Khoubbane M, Mas-Coma S. Human fascioliasis endemic areas in Argentina: multigene characterisation of the lymnaeid vectors and climatic-environmental assessment of the transmission pattern. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:306. [PMID: 27229862 PMCID: PMC4882814 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1589-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South America, fascioliasis stands out due to the human endemic areas in many countries. In Argentina, human endemic areas have recently been detected. Lymnaeid vectors were studied in two human endemic localities of Catamarca province: Locality A beside Taton and Rio Grande villages; Locality B close to Recreo town. METHODS Lymnaeids were characterised by the complete sequences of rDNA ITS-2 and ITS-1 and fragments of the mtDNA 16S and cox1. Shell morphometry was studied with the aid of a computer image analysis system. Climate analyses were made by nearest neighbour interpolation from FAO data. Koeppen & Budyko climate classifications were used. De Martonne aridity index and Gorczynski continentality index were obtained. Lymnaeid distribution was assessed in environmental studies. RESULTS DNA sequences demonstrated the presence of Lymnaea neotropica and L. viator in Locality A and of L. neotropica in Locality B. Two and four new haplotypes were found in L. neotropica and L. viator, respectively. For interspecific differentiation, ITS-1 and 16S showed the highest and lowest resolution, respectively. For intraspecific analyses, cox1 was the best marker and ITS-1 the worst. Shell intraspecific variability overlapped in both species, except maximum length which was greater in L. viator. The desertic-arid conditions surrounding Locality A, the semiaridity-aridity surrounding Locality B, and the very low yearly precipitation in both localities, are very different from the typical fascioliasis transmission foci. Lymnaeids are confined to lateral river side floodings and small man-made irrigation systems. Water availability only depends on the rivers flowing from neighbouring mountains. All disease transmission factors are concentrated in small areas where humans and animals go for water supply, vegetable cultures and livestock farming. CONCLUSIONS The unusually high number of DNA haplotypes and the extreme climate unsuitable for F. hepatica and lymnaeid development, demonstrate that the transmission foci are isolated. Seasonal transmission may depend on the timely overlap of appropriate temperature and river water availability. Lymnaeids and F. hepatica have probably reached these localities by livestock introduction. DNA differences regarding other populations of L. neotropica and L. viator in Argentina suggest an introduction independent from the spreading movements which allowed these two lymnaeids to expand throughout the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Bargues
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Jorge Bruno Malandrini
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Maestro Quiroga 1ra. Cuadra, CP 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Patricio Artigas
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Claudia Cecilia Soria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Maestro Quiroga 1ra. Cuadra, CP 4700, San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Jorge Néstor Velásquez
- Hospital Municipal de Infecciosas "Dr. Francisco Javier Muñiz", Uspallata 2272, CP 1282, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvana Carnevale
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Infecciosas - ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Av. Vélez Sársfield 563, CP 1281, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, CP 1033, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Mateo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Messaoud Khoubbane
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago Mas-Coma
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Valencia, Av. Vicente Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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Effect of Fascioloides magna (Digenea) on fecundity, shell height, and survival rate of Pseudosuccinea columella (Lymnaeidae). Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3119-25. [PMID: 27098161 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5068-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Fascioloides magna (Digenea) causes serious damage to liver tissue in definitive hosts represented by ruminants, especially cervids. The distribution of F. magna includes the indigenous areas in North America, and the areas to which F. magna was introduced-Central Europe, Southeast Europe, and Italy. The North American intermediate host of F. magna, the freshwater snail Pseudosuccinea columella (Lymnaeidae), is an invasive species recorded in South America, the Caribbean, Africa, Australia, and west and Southeast Europe. In Europe, Galba truncatula is the snail serving for transmission, but P. columella has potential to become here a new intermediate host of F. magna. Little is known about interactions between F. magna and P. columella. In this study, the susceptibility of P. columella (Oregon, USA) to the infection by a single miracidium of the Czech strain of F. magna and the influence of F. magna on snail fecundity, shell height, and survival were evaluated. The data show that the Oregon strain of P. columella is a highly suitable host for the Czech strain of F. magna, with the infection rate of 74 %. In addition, a negative effect on survival rate of infected snails was recorded only in the late phase of infection. The infection was accompanied by a major reduction in egg mass production and by a decrease in the number of eggs per egg mass. The shell height of infected snails did not significantly differ from that in unexposed controls.
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Pujadas JM, Farber M, Pointier JP, Giudici C, Wisnivesky C, Prepelitchi L. New record forGalba neotropica(d'Orbigny, 1835) in Argentina, with a detailed analysis of its morphology and molecular characteristics. MOLLUSCAN RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/13235818.2015.1044925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Differences in the compatibility of infection between the liver flukes Fascioloides magna and Fasciola hepatica in a Colombian population of the snail Galba sp. J Helminthol 2014; 89:720-6. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x14000509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractExperimental infections of Galba sp. (origin, Colombia) with allopatric isolates of Fasciola hepatica from France or Fascioloides magna from the Czech Republic were carried out during five successive snail generations to determine if this lymnaeid might sustain complete larval development of either parasite. In snails exposed to F. hepatica, 7 of 400 snails harboured several rediae and only two snails contained a small number of free cercariae on day 50 post-exposure. In contrast, the intensity of F. magna infection in Galba sp. progressively increased from the F1 to F5 generations. Spontaneous cercarial shedding of F. magna occurred in 7 of 100 Galba sp. belonging to the F5 generation and the number of shed cercariae did not differ significantly from that noted in control Galba truncatula of French origin. Galba sp. from Colombia can be added to the list of potential intermediate hosts for F. magna.
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Vignoles P, Novobilský A, Höglund J, Kašný M, Pankrác J, Dreyfuss G, Pointier JP, Rondelaud D. Lymnaea cubensis, an experimental intermediate host for Fascioloides magna. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2014. [DOI: 10.14411/fp.2014.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vignoles P, Titi A, Rondelaud D, Mekroud A, Dreyfuss G. Fasciola hepatica: effect of the natural light level on cercarial emergence from temperature-challenged Galba truncatula. Parasite 2014; 21:8. [PMID: 24572174 PMCID: PMC3936286 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2014009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As abrupt changes in water temperature (thermal shock) triggered a significantly greater cercarial emergence of Fasciola hepatica from experimentally infected Galba truncatula, laboratory investigations were carried out to study the influence of light on cercarial emergence in snails subjected to a thermal shock every week (a mean of 12 °C for 3 h) during the patent period. Thermal shock for these temperature-challenged (TC) snails was carried out outdoors under artificial or natural light, or indoors under constant artificial light. Compared with the infected control snails always reared indoors at 20 °C, the number of cercariae in TC snails subjected to a thermal shock and natural light outdoors was significantly greater. The repetition of this experiment by subjecting TC snails to the same thermal shock indoors under an artificial light level ranging from 600 to 3000 lux did not show any significant difference among the numbers of cercariae in the different subgroups. A detailed analysis of the results noted in the TC snails subjected to natural light during the thermal shock demonstrated that the number of cercariae-releasing snails was significantly higher between 601 and 1200 lux and for the highest nebulosity values (7–8 octas, which corresponds to a sufficiently or completely overcast sky). Contrary to the intensity of artificial light, which did not influence cercarial emergence, the natural light level had a significant effect on this process when F. hepatica-infected snails were subjected to a regular thermal shock during the patent period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vignoles
- INSERM 1094, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Amal Titi
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, 25100 El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Daniel Rondelaud
- INSERM 1094, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, 87025 Limoges, France
| | - Abdeslam Mekroud
- PADESCA Laboratory, Veterinary Science Institute, University Constantine 1, 25100 El Khroub, Algeria
| | - Gilles Dreyfuss
- INSERM 1094, Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, 87025 Limoges, France
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Novobilský A, Kašný M, Beran L, Rondelaud D, Höglund J. Lymnaea palustris and Lymnaea fuscus are potential but uncommon intermediate hosts of Fasciola hepatica in Sweden. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:251. [PMID: 23985077 PMCID: PMC3765860 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lymnaea palustris and L. fuscus are members of the European stagnicolines (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae). The role of stagnicolines in transmission of Fasciola hepatica has been often proposed. To assess the possible relationship between these two stagnicolines and F. hepatica in Sweden, field monitoring in parallel with experimental infections of L. palustris and L. fuscus were conducted. Methods Stagnicoline snails were collected and identified on pastures grazed by either sheep or cattle on four farms suffering from fasciolosis in Sweden during 2011–2012. Field-collected L. palustris and L. fuscus were examined for F. hepatica DNA by PCR. In the laboratory, different age groups of L. palustris, L. fuscus and G. truncatula were each exposed to two F. hepatica miracidia and main infection characteristics were obtained. Results One field-collected L. palustris (out of n = 668) contained F. hepatica as determined by PCR. On the other hand, stagnicolines artificially exposed to F. hepatica miracidia resulted in successful infection with fully differentiated cercariae, but only in juvenile snails (size, 1–2 mm at exposure) and with a prevalence of 51% and 13% in L. palustris and L. fuscus, respectively. In contrast, 90% of juvenile (size, 1–2 mm) and 92% of preadult G. truncatula (size, ≥ 2-4 mm), respectively, were successfully infected. Delayed, reduced and/or no spontaneous cercarial shedding was observed in the two stagnicolines when compared to G. truncatula. However, at snail dissection most cercariae from L. fuscus and L. palustris were able to encyst similarly to those from G. truncatula. Conclusion Both L. fuscus and L. palustris can sustain larval development of F. hepatica but with an apparent level of age resistance. The finding of a single F. hepatica positive specimen of L. palustris, together with infection characteristics from the experimental infection, suggest that L. palustris is a more suitable snail vector of F. hepatica than L. fuscus. The reduced growth observed in both stagnicolines was contrary to the ‘parasitic gigantism’ theory. Overall, it seems that the epidemiological role of L. palustris in transmission of F. hepatica in Sweden is likely to be much lower than for G. truncatula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Novobilský
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala 750 07, Sweden.
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Growth rate of the intermediate snail host Galba truncatula influences redial development of the trematode Fascioloides magna. J Helminthol 2013; 88:427-33. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x13000370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA total of 850 pre-adult Galba truncatula (shell height, 4 mm), originating from four French snail populations differing in shell height at the adult stage (from 6.5 to 12 mm), were individually subjected at 20°C to single-miracidium infections with Fascioloides magna. At day 75 post-exposure, the surviving snails were dissected, and rediae and cercariae were counted. Snail groups differed in shell growth during the experiment: from 1.8 ± 0.4 mm in group A up to 4.0 ± 1.1 mm in group D. The prevalence of F. magna infection, the numbers of free rediae and cercariae significantly increased together with increasing growth of infected snails during the experiment. Group A produced 1–6 first-generation rediae per snail and the mean daughter redia production ranged from 7.5 second-generation rediae (when a single first generation per snail developed) to 2.3 (6 first-generation rediae per snail). In contrast, up to ten first-generation rediae were noted in group D, and each mother redia gave daughter rediae with averages ranging from 1.5 (ten first-generation rediae per snail) to 13 (a single first generation per snail). In conclusion, the development of F. magna in G. truncatula exhibited both inter- and intrapopulation variability, where the development of rediae and cercariae was positively correlated with snail growth.
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Dar Y, Lounnas M, Djuikwo Teukeng FF, Mouzet R, Courtioux B, Hurtrez-Boussès S, Vignoles P, Dreyfuss G, Rondelaud D. Variations in local adaptation of allopatric Fasciola hepatica to French Galba truncatula in relation to parasite origin. Parasitol Res 2013; 112:2543-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sanabria R, Titi A, Mekroud A, Vignoles P, Dreyfuss G, Rondelaud D, Romero J. Paramphistomum daubneyi: characteristics of infection in three lymnaeid species. Parasite 2012. [PMID: 23193532 PMCID: PMC3671451 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012194445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental infections of two South American lymnaeids (Lymnaea neotropica and L. viatrix var. ventricosa) with Paramphistomum daubneyi were carried out to determine if these snail species could sustain larval development of this digenean and, if so, to specify their potential for cercarial production. A French population of Galba truncatula infected and raised according to the same protocol served as controls. In both experiments, prevalence of P. daubneyi infections in snails did not significantly differ from each other. In snail groups evaluated for cercarial shedding (first experiment), a significantly lower number of shed cercariae was noted for L. neotropica, while those from G. truncatula and L. v. ventricosa did not differ significantly from each other. Dissection of infected snails at day 65 post-exposure at 20 °C (second experiment) found significantly lower burdens of P. daubneyi rediae and cercariae in the bodies of L. neotropica than in those of G. truncatula and L. v. ventricosa. Compared to total cercarial production observed in dissected snails, the percentage of cercariae which exited from snails was 75.6% for G. truncatula, 21.6% for L. neotropica, and 91.4% for L. v. ventricosa. This last species seems to be a good candidate for metacercarial production of P. daubneyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sanabria
- CEDIVE, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Chascomús, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Novobilský A, Kašný M, Pankrác J, Rondelaud D, Engström A, Höglund J. Lymnaea fuscus (Pfeiffer, 1821) as a potential intermediate host of Fascioloides magna in Europe. Exp Parasitol 2012; 132:282-6. [PMID: 22902745 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Experimental infections of two different populations of Lymnaea fuscus in France and Sweden, with a Czech isolate of Fascioloides magna were carried out to determine if this lymnaeid species enables parasite larval development. Species identification of both snail populations was performed using the morphology of the copulatory organ, and also confirmed by sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of the snail genomic rDNA. Only juvenile snails measuring less than 3mm (1-3 weeks of age) were successfully infected (the viable cercariae were recorded) and infection prevalence decreased with age, as documented by increased shell height. In both French and Swedish L. fuscus populations, prevalence ranged between 1.1% and 58.8%. The mean number of metacercariae obtained from cercariae-shedding snails was 13.7 (±11.4), while the total cercarial production noted in snails dissected at day 85 post-exposure was 147.5 (±56.6). Compared to uninfected control snails, we observed reduced growth of infected snails. Despite age-related resistance of snail to the parasite, and limited cercarial production in these experimentally infected snails, F. magna was still able to complete larval development in L. fuscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Novobilský
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, 75007 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Intermediate snail hosts of French Fasciola hepatica: Lymnaea neotropica and Lymnaea viatrix are better hosts than local Galba truncatula. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:2011-6. [PMID: 22864862 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3049-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Allopatric and sympatric infections of Lymnaea neotropica and Lymnaea viatrix var. ventricosa with Argentinean and French isolates of Fasciola hepatica were carried out to determine the capacity of these snails to produce metacercariae and to verify if this capacity changed with snail generation. The same process was also made with a French population of Galba truncatula known to be highly susceptible to French isolates of the parasite. In each lymnaeid species separately considered, the survival rate at day 30 post-exposure and prevalence of F. hepatica infection in the group infected with Argentinean miracidia were significantly greater than those recorded in the corresponding French one. Compared to infected G. truncatula, both South American lymnaeids had longer patent periods and produced a higher number of metacercariae. The highest infections were noted with L. v. ventricosa. In the three snail species, metacercarial production was more important with the Argentinean isolate of miracidia than with the French one. If three successive generations of L. v. ventricosa are exposed to the same French isolate of miracidia, cercarial production significantly increased from parents to the F2 generation, while the other characteristics of infection only showed insignificant variations. L. neotropica and L. v. ventricosa are better intermediate hosts for French F. hepatica than local G. truncatula. The numerical increase of shed cercariae in the F1 and F2 generations of L. v. ventricosa demonstrates a rapid adaptation of this species to the French isolate of the parasite.
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