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Půža V, Machado RAR. Systematics and phylogeny of the entomopathogenic nematobacterial complexes Steinernema-Xenorhabdus and Heterorhabditis-Photorhabdus. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2024; 10:13. [PMID: 39020388 PMCID: PMC11256433 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-024-00235-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis, along with their bacterial symbionts from the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, respectively, are important biological control agents against agricultural pests. Rapid progress in the development of genomic tools has catalyzed a transformation of the systematics of these organisms, reshaping our understanding of their phylogenetic and cophlylogenetic relationships. In this review, we discuss the major historical events in the taxonomy and systematics of this group of organisms, highlighting the latest advancements in these fields. Additionally, we synthesize information on nematode-bacteria associations and assess the existing evidence regarding their cophylogenetic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Půža
- Institute of Entomology, Biology centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, Studentská 1668, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Ricardo A R Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland.
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Yimthin T, Fukruksa C, Muangpat P, Dumidae A, Wattanachaiyingcharoen W, Vitta A, Thanwisai A. A study on Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus isolates from Northeastern Thailand: Identification, antibacterial activity, and association with entomopathogenic nematode hosts. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255943. [PMID: 34383819 PMCID: PMC8360611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are gram negative bacteria that can produce several secondary metabolites, including antimicrobial compounds. They have a symbiotic association with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species and their associated nematode symbionts from Northeastern region of Thailand. We also evaluated the antibacterial activity of these symbiotic bacteria. The recovery rate of EPNs was 7.82% (113/1445). A total of 62 Xenorhabdus and 51 Photorhabdus strains were isolated from the EPNs. Based on recA sequencing and phylogeny, Xenorhabdus isolates were identified as X. stockiae (n = 60), X. indica (n = 1) and X. eapokensis (n = 1). Photorhabdus isolates were identified as P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii (n = 29), P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis (n = 18), P. luminescens subsp. laumondii (n = 2), and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis (n = 2). The EPNs based on 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) analysis were identified as Steinernema surkhetense (n = 35), S. sangi (n = 1), unidentified Steinernema (n = 1), Heterorhabditis indica (n = 39), H. baujardi (n = 1), and Heterorhabditis sp. SGmg3 (n = 3). Antibacterial activity showed that X. stockiae (bMSK7.5_TH) extract inhibited several antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on mutualistic association between P. luminescens subsp. laumondii and Heterorhabditis sp. SGmg3. This study could act as a platform for future studies focusing on the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds from these bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatcha Yimthin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chamaiporn Fukruksa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Paramaporn Muangpat
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Abdulhakam Dumidae
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wandee Wattanachaiyingcharoen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Apichat Vitta
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Aunchalee Thanwisai
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Cortés-Martínez CI, Chavarría-Hernández N. Production of entomopathogenic nematodes in submerged monoxenic culture: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:3968-3985. [PMID: 32710642 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Monoxenic liquid culture is the most suitable technology for scaling up to industrial production of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs); however, the variability of the yield production remains a current problem in the process. The aim of this study was to analyze the parameters and criteria for EPN production in liquid culture based on scientific and technological knowledge from the last two decades. While experimental research has permitted the yield production of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (362 × 103 infective juveniles [IJs]/ml) and Steinernema carpocapsae (252 × 103 IJs/ml), simultaneously, theoretical approaches have contributed to the understanding of the culture process, based on biological parameters of the bacterium-nematode complex and hydrodynamic and rheological parameters of the complex gas-liquid-solid system. Under this interdisciplinary research approach, bioprocess and biosystem engineering can contribute to design the various control strategies of the process variables, increase the productivity, and reduce the variability that until now distinguishes the in vitro production of EPNs by the liquid culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Inocencio Cortés-Martínez
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, México
| | - Norberto Chavarría-Hernández
- Cuerpo Académico de Biotecnología Agroalimentaria, Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, Hidalgo, México
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Godjo A, Afouda L, Baimey H, Couvreur M, Zadji L, Houssou G, Bert W, Willems A, Decraemer W. Steinernema kandii n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from northern Benin. NEMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Two nematode isolates from the genus Steinernema were collected in northern Benin. Morphological, morphometric, molecular and cross-hybridisation studies placed these nematodes into a new species, Steinernema kandii n. sp., within the bicornutum-group. Phylogenetic analyses based on both ITS and D2-D3 regions of 28S rDNA revealed that S. kandii n. sp. is different from all known Steinernema species and sister to S. abbasi (97.3-97.6% ITS nucleotide similarity) and S. bifurcatum (98.3-98.4% D2-D3 similarity). Steinernema kandii n. sp. can be separated from other members of the bicornutum-group by the greater infective juvenile (IJ) max. body diam. of 35 (27-48) μm (type isolate). It differs from S. abbasi by the greater IJ body length 707 (632-833) μm (type isolate), EP distance 55 (52-60) μm (type isolate), spicule length 67 (57-75) μm (type isolate) and the occurrence of one pair of genital papillae at the cloacal aperture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anique Godjo
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leonard Afouda
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Hugues Baimey
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Marjolein Couvreur
- 2Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lionel Zadji
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Gladys Houssou
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Wim Bert
- 2Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wilfrida Decraemer
- 2Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Hatting JL, Moore SD, Malan AP. Microbial control of phytophagous invertebrate pests in South Africa: Current status and future prospects. J Invertebr Pathol 2018; 165:54-66. [PMID: 29427636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate pests pose a significant threat to food security on the African continent. In response, South Africa has become one of the largest importers of chemical pesticides in sub-Saharan Africa, with several hundred active ingredients registered. To address the over-reliance on such chemicals, the South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) has eliminated or restricted several pesticides since the late 1970s. The recent launch of the South African National Bio-Economy Strategy and establishment of the South African Bioproducts Organisation (SABO), together with new guidelines for registration of biopesticides in 2015, also support this endeavour. Concurrently, entomopathogen-related research and bioproduct development has increased over the past decade. Currently, 31 products (seven manufactured locally) are registered under the Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act 36 of 1947. Commercially important microbes include Beauveria bassiana (Cordycipitaceae), Metarhizium anisopliae (Clavicipitaceae), Cydia pomonella granulovirus, Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus, Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (Baculoviridae) and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki and B. thuringiensis subsp. aizawai (Bacillaceae). Both parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) show potential for development as bioinsecticides with one commercial EPN product, based on Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Heterorhabditidae), registered under the Act. Rapid scientific progression, supported by a favourable legislative environment, should facilitate further advances in microbial control of phytophagous invertebrate pests in South Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Hatting
- Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain, Bethlehem 9700, South Africa.
| | - Sean D Moore
- Citrus Research International, Port Elizabeth 6065, South Africa; Centre for Biological Control, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Antoinette P Malan
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, 7602, South Africa
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The first report of Xenorhabdus indica from Steinernema pakistanense: co-phylogenetic study suggests co-speciation between X. indica and its steinernematid nematodes. J Helminthol 2018; 93:81-90. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractDuring a survey in agricultural fields of the sub-humid region of Meerut district, India, two strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, labelled CS31 and CS32, were isolated using the Galleria baiting technique. Based on morphological and morphometric studies, and molecular data, the nematodes were identified as Steinernema pakistanense, making this finding the first report of this species from India. For the first time, we performed a molecular and biochemical characterization of the bacterial symbiont of S. pakistanense. Furthermore, a co-phylogenetic analysis of the bacteria from the monophyletic clade containing a symbiont of S. pakistanense, together with their nematode hosts, was conducted, to test the degree of nematode–bacteria co-speciation. Both isolates were also tested in a laboratory assay for pathogenicity against two major pests, Helicoverpa armigera and Spodoptera litura. The morphology of the Indian isolates corresponds mainly to the original description, with the only difference being the absence of a mucron in first-generation females and missing epiptygmata in the second generation. The sequences of bacterial recA and gyrB genes have shown that the symbiont of S. pakistanense is closely related to Xenorhabdus indica, which is associated with some other nematodes from the ‘bicornutum’ group. Co-phylogenetic analysis has shown a remarkable congruence between the nematode and bacterial phylogenies, suggesting that, in some lineages within the Steinernema / Xenorhabdus complex, the nematodes and bacteria have undergone co-speciation. In the virulence assay, both strains caused a 100% mortality of both tested insects after 48 h, even at the lowest doses of 25 infective juveniles per insect, suggesting that S. pakistanense could be considered for use in the biocontrol of these organisms in India.
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Abate BA, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Malan AP, Hurley BP. Diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria in south African plantations and indigenous forests. NEMATOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Summary
The occurrence and diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) and their symbiotic bacteria was evaluated in commercial forestry plantations (Eucalyptus spp., Pinus spp. and Acacia mearnsii) and indigenous forests in South Africa. EPN were most prevalent in A. mearnsii plantations, accounting for 60.7% of the isolates, while indigenous forests, plantations of Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp. accounted for 35.7, 3.6 and 0% of the isolates, respectively. DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and D2-D3 28S rDNA regions were used to identify the nematode species. Four Steinernema spp. were identified, including S. citrae, S. sacchari, two undescribed species, as well as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. baujardi. Heterorhabditis baujardi is reported from South Africa for the first time. Analysis of 16S rRNA of the bacteria confirmed the presence of at least three Xenorhabdus species from Steinernema isolates and two subspecies of Photorhabdus luminescens from Heterorhabditis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birhan A. Abate
- 1Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
- 2Ethiopian Biotechnology Institute (EBTi), Agricultural Biotechnology Directorate, P.O. Box. 5954, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bernard Slippers
- 3Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Michael J. Wingfield
- 1Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Antoinette P. Malan
- 4Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Department of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Brett P. Hurley
- 1Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
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Godjo A, Afouda L, Baimey H, Decraemer W, Willems A. Molecular diversity of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria, symbionts of Heterorhabditis and Steinernema nematodes retrieved from soil in Benin. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:589-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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First Report of the Isolation of the Symbiotic Bacterium Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii Associated with Heterorhabditis safricana from South Africa. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:790-795. [PMID: 27567899 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1116-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. laumondii is closely associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and has, to date, not been isolated from other nematode species. This study is the first report of P. luminescens subsp. laumondii from two South African isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes, Heterorhabditis safricana SF281 and H. bacteriophora SF351. Both symbiotic bacterial strains are phenotypically closely related to P. luminescens subsp. laumondii previously isolated and described from H. bacteriophora. The genetic relatedness between P. luminescens subsp. laumondii strains SF281B and SF351B was confirmed by comparing 16S rDNA, recA, gyrB and gltX sequences with sequences of P. luminescens subsp. laumondii, including the type strain (TT01T) and strain E21.
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Cimen H, Půža V, NermuŤ J, Hatting J, Ramakuwela T, Hazir S. Steinernema biddulphi n. sp., a New Entomopathogenic Nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from South Africa. J Nematol 2016; 48:148-158. [PMID: 27765988 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema biddulphi n. sp., was isolated from a maize field in Senekal, Free State Province of South Africa. Morphological and molecular studies indicated the distinctness of S. biddulphi n. sp. from other Steinernema species. Steinernema biddulphi n. sp. is characterized IJs with average body length of 663 μm (606-778 μm), lateral fields with six ridges in mid-body region forming the formula 2,6,2. Excretory pore located anterior to mid-pharynx (D% = 46). Hyaline layer occupies approximately half of tail length. Male spicules slightly to moderately curved, with a sharp tip and golden brown in color. The first generation of males lacking a mucron on the tail tip while the second generation males with a short filamentous mucron. Genital papillae with 11 pairs and one unpaired preanal papilla. The new species is further characterized by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial 28S regions (D2-D3) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Phylogenetic data show that S. biddulphi n. sp. belongs to the "bicornutum" clade within the Steinernematidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Cimen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| | - Vladimír Půža
- Laboratory of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, The Czech Republic
| | - JiŘí NermuŤ
- Laboratory of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, The Czech Republic
| | - Justin Hatting
- South African Agricultural Research Council, Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9701, South Africa
| | - Tshima Ramakuwela
- South African Agricultural Research Council, Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9701, South Africa
| | - Selcuk Hazir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
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Addis T, Mijušković N, Strauch O, Ehlers RU. Life history traits, liquid culture production and storage temperatures of Steinernema yirgalemense. NEMATOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00002966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using the hanging drop technique with nematode growth gelrite medium, life history traits of Steinernema yirgalemense (strain Sy 157-C) were investigated at a bacterial density of 10 × 109 cells ml−1 of Xenorhabdus indica at 25°C. With the same technique, the exit of dauer juveniles (DJ) from the arrested stage (recovery) was assessed at 5 × 109, 10 × 109 and 20 × 109 cells ml−1 of X. indica. Additionally, S. yirgalemense was incubated in nematode liquid medium at 25, 27 and 30°C. At each culture temperature, DJ recovery, sex ratio at 3 days post DJ inoculation and DJ yield and DJ as a percentage of non-DJ stages at 15 days post DJ inoculation were assessed. DJ survival in Ringer’s solution stored at 4, 15 and 25°C was assessed for 66 days. Steinernema yirgalemense has a total fertility rate and net reproductive rate of 487 and 314 offspring per female, respectively. The intrinsic rate of natural increase was 0.98 day−1, population doubling time PDT = 0.71 days and mean generation time days. The average lifespan of S. yirgalemense females starting from first-stage juveniles was 6.55 days. In liquid culture, DJ recovery ranged from 63-75% at 72 h post DJ inoculation and was not significantly different between the incubation temperatures. Parental male to female ratio was not influenced by incubation temperature and usually was at a ratio of 1:2. The percentage of females that entered into endotokia matricida at 72 h post DJ inoculation was 61% at 25°C, whereas at 27 and 30°C it was 24% and 0.5%, respectively. The highest DJ yield was recorded at 25°C (284 114 DJ ml−1) followed by 27°C (176 932 DJ ml−1) and the lowest at 30°C with 26 298 DJ ml−1. At a storage temperature of 4°C, DJ survival did not exceed 42 days, whereas at 15 and 25°C more than 95% of the DJ survived 66 days. Although S. yirgalemense DJ survived for long periods at both 15 and 25°C in liquid storage, their survival in formulated product and virulence after storage needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Addis
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, D-24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Nevena Mijušković
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olaf Strauch
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, D-24223 Schwentinental, Germany
| | - Ralf-Udo Ehlers
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Strasse 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- e-nema, GmbH, Klausdorfer Strasse 28-36, D-24223 Schwentinental, Germany
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Abebe E, Mekete T, Seid A, Meressa BH, Wondafrash M, Addis T, Getaneh G, Abate BA. Research on plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes in Ethiopia: a review of current state and future direction. NEMATOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00002919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Food self-sufficiency is Ethiopia’s national priority goal. Given that pest management seriously impacts agriculture, research on crop diseases is of paramount significance to the national goal. Here we provide a comprehensive account of research on plant-parasitic and entomopathogenic nematodes in Ethiopia. We show that the limited information available indicates that plant-parasitic nematodes impact crop production. There exists a serious gap in knowledge with regard to the effects of plant-parasitic nematodes on almost all major crops. This gap includes surveys with appropriate levels of identification, distribution, and yield loss and damage threshold studies on target crops. The current state of knowledge hinders the nation’s ability to design and implement appropriate control strategies for plant-parasitic nematodes. We propose a strategic assessment of plant-parasitic nematodes of all major crops, the need for systematic manpower training and continued search for entomopathogenic nematodes in the major agro-ecological zones of the nation and further research on those entomopathogenic nematodes already identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyualem Abebe
- Elizabeth City State University, Elizabeth City, NC 27909, USA
| | - Tesfamariam Mekete
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Awol Seid
- Haramaya University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Beira H. Meressa
- Julius Kühn-Institut, Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Toppheideweg 88, 48161 Münster, Germany
| | - Mesfin Wondafrash
- Haramaya University, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, School of Plant Sciences, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Temesgen Addis
- Faculty of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Gezahegn Getaneh
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Salale Campus, Addis Ababa University P.O. Box 245, Fitche, Ethiopia
| | - Birhan A. Abate
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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