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Cheukamud W, Chansap S, Rattanasroi K, Changklungmoa N, Kueakhai P. Construction and mouse antibody response evaluation of juvenile stage-specific chimeric protein from Fasciola gigantica. Vet Parasitol 2024; 331:110254. [PMID: 39047536 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Fasciolosis, caused by the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica, is a major parasitic disease that affects livestock and therefore causes significant economic losses in tropical countries. Although anthelminthic drugs can kill the parasite, drug-resistant liver fluke populations are increasing. In this study, a recombinant F. gigantica chimeric protein (rFgCHI) consisting of cathepsin L1H (FgCL1H), cathepsin B3 (FgCB3), and Saposin-like protein 1 (FgSAP1) was designed and expressed in Escherichia coli (BL21). The molecular weight of rFgCHI was 61 kDa. To study the antibody response, male BALB/c mice were immunized via the subcutaneous injection of rFgCHI combined with Quil A. Immunization with rFgCHI showed the induction of IgG1 and IgG2a with a higher IgG1 isotype level, indicating the potential of mixed Th1/Th2 immune responses, with Th2 predominating. However, the results showed high levels of IgG against the single proteins, except for rFgSAP1. Through Western blotting, mouse anti-rFgCHI polyclonal antibodies could be detected to the native proteins obtained from the parasite at all stages. Immunolocalization also revealed that the anti-rFgCHI antibodies could detect targeted antigens in the cecal epithelium of the parasite. These results demonstrated that rFgCHI is immunogenic to the mouse immune system and may potentially be a protein candidate for the development of a fasciolosis vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werachon Cheukamud
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Supanan Chansap
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Komsil Rattanasroi
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Narin Changklungmoa
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Pornanan Kueakhai
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences and Research unit of vaccine and diagnosis of parasitic diseases, Burapha University, Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Saen Sook Sub-district, Mueang District, Chonburi 20131, Thailand.
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Fereig RM, Metwally S, El-Alfy ES, Abdelbaky HH, Shanab O, Omar MA, Alsayeqh AF. High relatedness of bioinformatic data and realistic experimental works on the potentials of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica cathepsin L1 as a diagnostic and vaccine antigen. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1054502. [PMID: 36568750 PMCID: PMC9768368 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1054502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Fascioliasis is a parasitic foodborne disease caused by the liver flukes, Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Such parasites cause serious illness in numerous domestic animals and also in humans. Following infection, the parasite secretes a variety of molecules that immediately interact with the host immunity to establish successful infection. These molecules include cathepsin L peptidase 1 (CatL1); the highly investigated diagnostic and vaccine antigens using various animal models. However, a few studies have analyzed the potentials of FhCatL1 as a diagnostic or vaccine antigen using bioinformatic tools and much less for FgCatL1. The present study provides inclusive and exclusive information on the physico-chemical, antigenic and immunogenic properties of F. hepatica cathepsin L1 (FhCatL1) protein using multiple bioinformatic analysis tools and several online web servers. Also, the validation of our employed available online servers was conducted against a huge collection of previously published studies focusing on the properties of FhCatL1as a diagnostic and vaccine antigen. Methods For this purpose, the secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure of FhCatL1 protein were also predicted and analyzed using the SWISS-MODEL server. Validation of the modeled structures was performed by Ramachandran plots. The antigenic epitopes of the protein were predicted by IEDB server. Results and discussion Our findings revealed the low similarity of FhCatL1 with mammalian CatL1, lacking signal peptides or transmembrane domain, and the presence of 33 phosphorylation sites. Also, the containment of FhCatL1 for many topological, physico-chemical, immunological properties that favored its function of solubility and interaction with the immune components were reported. In addition, the earlier worldwide reports documented the high efficacy of FhCatL1 as a diagnostic and vaccine antigen in different animals. Altogether, FhCatL1 is considered an excellent candidate for using in commercialized diagnostic assays or vaccine products against fascioliasis in different animal species. Our assessment also included FgCatL1 and reported very similar findings and outputs to those of FhCatL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab M. Fereig
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Samy Metwally
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - El-Sayed El-Alfy
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Abdelbaky
- Doctor of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Clinic, Veterinary Directorate, Qena, Egypt
| | - Obeid Shanab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Mosaab A. Omar
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Abdullah F. Alsayeqh
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Design of a Peptide-Carrier Vaccine Based on the Highly Immunogenic Fasciola hepatica Leucine Aminopeptidase. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2137:191-204. [PMID: 32399930 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0475-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Many studies have shown that the degree of organization and repetitiveness of an antigen correlates with its efficiency to induce a B-cell response and production of neutralizing antibodies. Here we describe the design of a chimeric protein based on the hexamer form of the highly immunogenic Fasciola hepatica leucine aminopeptidase as a carrier system of small peptides with potential use as a multiepitope vaccine.
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Moderate protection is induced by a chimeric protein composed of leucine aminopeptidase and cathepsin L1 against Fasciola hepatica challenge in sheep. Vaccine 2019; 37:3234-3240. [PMID: 31036453 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leucine aminopeptidase (FhLAP) and cathepsin L1 (FhCL1) of Fasciola hepatica play a critical role in parasite feeding, migration through host tissue, and immune evasion. These antigens have been tested for immune protection as single components with variable degrees of success. The chimeric-protein approach could improve protection levels against fasciolosis. Previously, we reported the design and construction of a chimeric protein composed of antigenic sequences of FhLAP and FhCL1 of F. hepatica. The goal of the present study was to express and evaluate the immune-protective capacity of this chimeric protein (rFhLAP-CL1) in sheep. Animals were randomly allocated into five groups with five animals in each group. Groups 1, 2 and 3 were immunized twice with 100 μg, 200 μg and 400 μg of rFhLAP-CL1 emulsified with Quil A adjuvant, whereas groups 4 and 5 were the adjuvant control and infection control groups, respectively. The animals were then challenged with 200 metacercariae two weeks after the rFhLAP-CL1 booster. The fluke burden was reduced by 25.5%, 30.7% (p < 0.05) and 46.5% (p < 0.01) in sheep immunized with 100 μg, 200 μg and 400 μg of chimeric protein, respectively, in comparison to the infection control group. There was a reduction of 22.7% (p < 0.05) and 24.4% (p < 0.01) in fecal egg count in groups 2 and 3, respectively, compared to the infection control group. Sheep immunized with chimeric protein produced F. hepatica excretion-secretion product-specific total IgG antibody, which were increased after challenge. Moreover, the levels of rFhLAP-CL1-specific IgG1 and IgG2 isotypes in immunized sheep increased rapidly two weeks after the first immunization and were significantly more elevated than those of the control groups, indicating a mixed Th1/Th2 response. This is a preliminary evaluation of the chimeric protein rFhLAP-CL1 as a possible immunogen against F. hepatica infection in sheep.
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Mokhtarian K, Akhlaghi L, Mohammadi M, Meamar AR, Razmjou E, Khoshmirsafa M, Falak R. Evaluation of anti-Cathepsin L1: a more reliable method for serodiagnosis of human fasciolosis. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2016; 110:542-550. [PMID: 27794095 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trw063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coprological examinations are commonly used for diagnosis of fasciolosis. However, these methods are not useful during the acute phase of the infection and also show poor sensitivity during its chronic phase. In this study we compared the immunoreactivity of the native and recombinant forms of Fasciola hepatica excretory/secretory antigens and determined the most appropriate one for development of F. hepatica-specific immunoassays. METHODS The coding sequences of previously-determined immunogenic proteins including cathepsin L1 (CL1), fatty acid binding protein (FABP) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were cloned and expressed in E. coli BL-21 cells. Native forms of FABP and GST were also purified. We evaluated the immunoreactivity of the native and recombinant proteins by ELISA using sera from 40 healthy individuals, 15 fasciolosis patients, and 57 patients with other infectious diseases. RESULTS All of the studied proteins showed high sensitivity and specificity for F. hepatica serodiagnosis. However, CL1 was more sensitive and specific (100%) than the others for the detection of F. hepatica-specific antibodies. Notably, both FABP and GST showed significant cross-reactivity with hydatidosis patients' sera while CL1 did not. CONCLUSIONS Cathepsin L1 has acceptable sensitivity and specificity for serodiagnosis of F. hepatica and its application could be advantageous in immunoassay development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Mokhtarian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lame Akhlaghi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Immunology Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Meamar
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Razmjou
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Khoshmirsafa
- Immunology Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Falak
- Immunology Research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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