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Taube K, Noreikiene K, Kahar S, Gross R, Ozerov M, Vasemägi A. Subtle transcriptomic response of Eurasian perch ( Perca fluviatilis) associated with Triaenophorus nodulosus plerocercoid infection. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 22:146-154. [PMID: 37869060 PMCID: PMC10585624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Determining the physiological effects of parasites and characterizing genes involved in host responses to infections are essential to improving our understanding of host-parasite interactions and their ecological and evolutionary consequences. This task, however, is complicated by high diversity and complex life histories of many parasite species. The use of transcriptomics in the context of wild-caught specimens can help ameliorate this by providing both qualitative and quantitative information on gene expression patterns in response to parasites in specific host organs and tissues. Here, we evaluated the physiological impact of the widespread parasite, the pike tapeworm (Triaenophorus nodulosus), on its second intermediate host, the Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis). We used an RNAseq approach to analyse gene expression in the liver, the target organ of T. nodulosus plerocercoids, and spleen which is one of the main immune organs in teleost fishes. We compared perch collected from multiple lakes consisting of individuals with (n = 8) and without (n = 6) T. nodulosus plerocercoids in the liver. Results revealed a small number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs, adjusted p-value ≤0.05) in both spleen (n = 22) and liver (n = 10). DEGs in spleen consisted of mostly upregulated immune related genes (e.g., JUN, SIK1, THSB1), while those in the liver were often linked to metabolic functions (e.g., FABP1, CADM4, CDAB). However, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed lack of functional enrichment among DEGs. This study demonstrates that Eurasian perch displays a subtle response at a gene expression level to T. nodulosus plerocercoid infection. Given that plerocercoids are low-metabolic activity transmission stages, our results suggest that moderate T. nodulosus plerocercoid infection most likely does not provoke an extensive host immune response and have relatively low physiological costs for the host. Our findings illustrate that not all conspicuous infections have severe effects on host gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Taube
- Chair of Aquaculture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46a, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristina Noreikiene
- Chair of Aquaculture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46a, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Institute of Biosciences, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Siim Kahar
- Chair of Aquaculture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46a, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Riho Gross
- Chair of Aquaculture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46a, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikhail Ozerov
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Vesilinnantie 5, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Anti Vasemägi
- Chair of Aquaculture, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 46a, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sötvattenslaboratoriet, Stångholmsvägen 2, 17893 Drottningholm, Sweden
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Kashinskaya EN, Vlasenko PG, Kolmogorova TV, Izotova GV, Shokurova AV, Romanenko GA, Markevich GN, Andree KB, Solovyev MM. Metapopulation Structure of Two Species of Pikeworm ( Triaenophorus, Cestoda) Parasitizing the Postglacial Fish Community in an Oligotrophic Lake. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3122. [PMID: 37835728 PMCID: PMC10571662 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we estimated the levels of infestation of the main fish species that are hosts for two Triaenophorus species: T. crassus and T. nodulosus. The prevalence of T. crassus and T. nodulosus infestations in the intestine of their definitive host-pike Esox lucius was similar (71.0% and 77.4%, respectively). At the same time, the prevalence of T. crassus infestation in muscle tissue was significantly different between the second intermediate hosts, Coregonus lavaretus pidschian (31.4%) and Cor. l. pravdinellus (91.2%), due to considerable differences in their diets. For T. nodulosus, we found significant variations in the levels of prevalence among the second intermediate hosts-100% for Lota lota, 81.8% for Cottus sibiricus 31.9% for Thymallus arcticus, and 24.5% for Perca fluviatilis-that we also explained using different diets. Moreover, analysis of the symmetry of parasite infestations did not reveal any asymmetry between the number of cysts in the left and right body surfaces of the "planktivorous" form/species of whitefish, whereas in the ''benthivorous", an asymmetry of parasite infestations was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena N. Kashinskaya
- Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Yaroslavl Region, Russia
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Pavel G. Vlasenko
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Tatyana V. Kolmogorova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
| | - Gelena V. Izotova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Anastasiya V. Shokurova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
| | - Georgy A. Romanenko
- Altai Branch of «VNIRO» («AltaiNIRO»), Barnaul 656043, Russia
- FBUZ «Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Altai Territory», Barnaul 656049, Russia
| | - Grigorii N. Markevich
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Kronotsky Nature Reserve, Yelizovo 684000, Kamchatka Region, Russia
| | - Karl B. Andree
- Institut de Recerca i Tecnologìa Agroalimentaries (IRTA), 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Spain
| | - Mikhail M. Solovyev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia (M.M.S.)
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, Russia
- Biological Institute, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
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Giari L, Ruehle B, Fano EA, Castaldelli G, Poulin R. Temporal dynamics of species associations in the parasite community of European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from a coastal lagoon. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 12:67-75. [PMID: 32435583 PMCID: PMC7229350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The resilience of biological communities is of central importance in ecology, but is difficult to investigate in nature. Parasite communities in individual hosts provide good model systems, as they allow a level of replication usually not possible with free-living communities. Here, using temporal data (2005-2017) on the communities of endohelminth parasites in European eels, Anguilla anguilla, from brackish-water lagoons in Italy, we test the resilience of interspecific associations to changes in the abundance of some parasite species and the disappearance of others. While most parasite species displayed changes in abundance over time, three trematodes that were present in the early years, two of which at high abundance, completely disappeared from the parasite community by the end of the study period. Possibly other host species required for the completion of their life cycles have declined in abundance, perhaps due to environmental changes. However, despite these marked changes to the overall community, pairwise correlations in abundance among the three most common parasite species (all trematodes) were stable over time and remained mostly unaffected by what happened to other species. We explore possible reasons for these resilient species associations within a temporally unstable parasite community inhabiting a mostly stable host population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Giari
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Borsari St. 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Brandon Ruehle
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Elisa Anna Fano
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Borsari St. 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castaldelli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Borsari St. 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Robert Poulin
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Influence of Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) on the occurrence of eyeflukes in roach (Rutilus rutilus) from a lake in south-east England. J Helminthol 2018; 93:66-70. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x17001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractVertebrate hosts commonly harbour concurrent infections of different helminth species which may interact with each other in a synergistic, antagonistic or negligible manner. Direct interactions between helminths that share a common site in the host have been regularly reported, but indirect interactions between species that occur in different sites are rarely described, especially in fish hosts. Plerocercoids of Ligula intestinalis are common infections of the peritoneal (body) cavity of roach (Rutilus rutilus) in freshwater habitats. These larval cestodes can cause extensive systemic pathologies to the fish host, which in turn may alter its susceptibility as a target host for other helminth species. The present study, using an existing dataset, investigates the influence of L. intestinalis (ligulosis) on frequently occurring eyefluke infections in roach sampled from a lake in south-east England. The occurrence of two species of eyefluke (Diplostomum sp. and Tylodelphys sp.) in the roach population demonstrated no significant levels of interaction with each other. The prevalence but not mean intensity or abundance of Diplostomum sp. was significantly increased in ligulosed roach, while the incidence of Tylodelphys sp. remained unchanged. Analyses of bilateral asymmetry in the occurrence of eyeflukes in left and right eyes of infected fish demonstrate that Tylodelphys sp. shows significant asymmetry in non-ligulosed roach, which is not replicated in ligulosed individuals. In contrast, Diplostomum sp. shows no evidence of asymmetry in either ligulosed or non-ligulosed fish.
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Gendron AD, Marcogliese DJ. Enigmatic decline of a common fish parasite ( Diplostomum spp.) in the St. Lawrence River: Evidence for a dilution effect induced by the invasive round goby. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2017; 6:402-411. [PMID: 30951571 PMCID: PMC5715222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As they integrate into recipient food webs, invasive exotic species may influence the population dynamics of native parasites. Here we assess the potential impact of the Eurasian round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) on the abundance of eyeflukes of the genus Diplostomum, which are common parasites in fishes of the St. Lawrence River (Canada). Analyses of data collected over nearly two decades revealed that the infection levels in three native fish [spottail shiner (Notropis hudsonius), golden shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) yellow perch (Perca flavescens)] declined sharply throughout the St. Lawrence River after the introduction of the goby. At two sites where data were collected at regular time intervals, declines of Diplostomum spp. in spottail shiners occurred within two years of the goby's first recorded appearance, with prevalence dropping as much as 77-80% between pre-invasion and post-invasion periods. Furthermore, in localities where gobies remained scarce, infection in native species did not change significantly over time. Altogether, these observations suggest that gobies play a role in the eyefluke collapse. The decline in populations of the main definitive host (ring-billed gulls, Larus delawarensis) and changes in hydrology during periods of parasite recruitment were not strongly supported as alternate explanations for this phenomenon. Since other snail-transmitted trematodes with similar life cycles to Diplostomum spp. did not show the same decreasing pattern, we conclude that eyeflukes did not decline as a result of snail depletion due to goby predation. Rather, we suggest that gobies acted as decoys, diluting the infection. As Diplostomum spp. occurred at lower abundance in gobies than in native fish hosts, the replacement of native fish with exotic gobies in the diet of gulls might have played a part in reducing parasite transmission. In contrast to the typically negative impact of invasions, the goby-induced decline of this pathogen may have beneficial effects for native fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrée D. Gendron
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, St. Lawrence Centre, 105 McGill, 7th Floor, Montreal, Quebec H2Y 2E7, Canada
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