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Vashisth S, Kumar P, Chandel VGS, Kumar R, Verma SC, Chandel RS. Unraveling the enigma of root-knot nematodes: from origins to advanced management strategies in agriculture. PLANTA 2024; 260:36. [PMID: 38922545 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04464-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Integrated management strategies, including novel nematicides and resilient cultivars, offer sustainable solutions to combat root-knot nematodes, crucial for safeguarding global agriculture against persistent threats. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) pose a significant threat to a diverse range of host plants, with their obligatory endoparasitic nature leading to substantial agricultural losses. RKN spend much of their lives inside or in contact by secreting plant cell wall-modifying enzymes resulting in the giant cell development for establishing host-parasite relationships. Additionally, inflicting physical harm to host plants, RKN also contributes to disease complexes creation with fungi and bacteria. This review comprehensively explores the origin, history, distribution, and physiological races of RKN, emphasizing their economic impact on plants through gall formation. Management strategies, ranging from cultural and physical to biological and chemical controls, along with resistance mechanisms and marker-assisted selection, are explored. While recognizing the limitations of traditional nematicides, recent breakthroughs in non-fumigant alternatives like fluensulfone, spirotetramat, and fluopyram offer promising avenues for sustainable RKN management. Despite the success of resistance mechanisms like the Mi gene, challenges persist, prompting the need for integrative approaches to tackle Mi-virulent isolates. In conclusion, the review stresses the importance of innovative and resilient control measures for sustainable agriculture, emphasizing ongoing research to address evolving challenges posed by RKN. The integration of botanicals, resistant cultivars, and biological controls, alongside advancements in non-fumigant nematicides, contributes novel insights to the field, laying the ground work for future research directions to ensure the long-term sustainability of agriculture in the face of persistent RKN threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Vashisth
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vishav Gaurav Singh Chandel
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Subhash Chander Verma
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Rajeshwar Singh Chandel
- Department of Entomology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Sun Y, Jiang R, Peng D, Zhang Y, Peng H, Long H. Morphological and Molecular Characterization of a New Root-Knot Nematode, Meloidogyne limonae n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), Parasitizing Lemon in China. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:833-846. [PMID: 37877995 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-23-0919-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne parasitize the roots of thousands of plants and can cause severe damage and yield losses. Here, we report a new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne limonae n. sp., parasitizing "lemon" (Citrus limon) in Hainan Province, South China. Lemon trees infected by the root-knot nematode showed poor-quality lemons, chlorosis of foliage, weak growth, and numerous root galls with white females and egg masses protruding outside. Phylogenetic trees of sequences within the ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA demonstrated that this species differs clearly from other previously described root-knot nematodes. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by an oval-shaped perineal pattern and the lateral field marked by a ridge of cuticle on one or both sides; the dorsal arch is low, with fine to coarse, smooth cuticle striae; the vulva slit is centrally located at the unstriated area; the spicules of males are arcuate and curved ventrally; the gubernaculum is distinct and curved; the labial disc of second-stage juveniles is prominent and dumbbell shaped; stylet knobs are oval and sloping backwardly; pharyngeal glands are not filling the body cavity and overlapping the intestine ventrally; and the conical tail is gradually tapering. Phylogenetic trees based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, D2-D3 of the 28S rDNA, and COI and COII-16S rRNA genes of the mtDNA showed that M. limonae n. sp. belongs to an undescribed root-knot nematode lineage that is separated from other species with the resemblance in morphology, such as M. floridensis, M. hispanica, M. acronea, and M. paranaensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangfang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pests Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, P.R. China
| | - Ru Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Deliang Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Modern Agricultural Inspection Testing and Control Center of Hainan Province, Haikou 571100, P.R. China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Long
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Pests Management on Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, P.R. China
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Trinh QP, Le TML, Nguyen TD, Nguyen HT. Morphologic, Morphometric, and Molecular Characterization of Vietnamese Populations of Meloidogyne incognita. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:3693-3700. [PMID: 37415354 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0818-sr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Meloidogyne incognita is considered the most damaging and common root-knot nematode to numerous host plants worldwide. During a survey of nematodes in Vietnam, 1,106 samples from 22 different plant species were collected. M. incognita was recorded on 13 of the 22 host plants. Four populations of M. incognita from four host plants were chosen for comparison and confirmation of their morphologic, morphometric, and molecular characteristics. Genetically based phylogenetic trees were constructed to show relationships among root-knot nematodes. Molecular barcodes of four gene regions, ITS, D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, COI, and Nad5 mtDNA, integrated with morphologic and morphometric data were used as reliable references for molecular identification of M. incognita. Our analyses indicated that tropical root-knot nematodes are very similar in characterization of ITS, D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, and COI regions. However, these gene regions can be used to separate the tropical root-knot nematode group from other groups. On the other hand, the analysis of Nad5 mtDNA and multiplex-PCR with specific primers can be used to distinguish tropical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quang Phap Trinh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Mai Linh Le
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Duyen Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huu Tien Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 100000 Hanoi, Vietnam
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4
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Hickman P, Dandurand LM. Meloidogyne paramali n. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogyninae) and First Report of M. marylandi in maple and yacca tree from Japan. J Nematol 2023; 55:20220036. [PMID: 37143485 PMCID: PMC10152465 DOI: 10.2478/jofnem-2022-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meloidogyne paramali n. sp. was detected from Japanese maple trees (Acer palmatum) from Chiba, Japan during quarantine inspections in China. This species is characterized by second-stage juveniles (J2) with short tail length 32.2 (24-36.8) μm, finely rounded to broadly pointed tail terminus with extremely short hyaline tail terminus 4.3 (3.0-4.9) μm; perineal patterns of females characterized by an oval or irregular appearance, with round and low dorsal arch, and fine and smooth striae. M. paramali n. sp. is very similar to M. mali in that the perineal pattern has fine, smooth striae and both J2 have a short tail, but it can be distinguished from the latter by perineal pattern of the female (lateral field distinct vs. indistinct), shorter J2 hyaline tail terminus (4.3 [3.0-4.9] μm vs. 8.2 [4.8-12.7] μm, and by J2 tail with finely rounded to broadly pointed tail terminus, never sharply pointed vs. finely rounded and almost pointed. The polytomous key codes of the new species are as follows: Female: A21, B2, C32, D4; Male: A21, B3, C2, D1, E2, F2; J2: A2, B23, C43, D34, E12, F34. Detailed phylogenetic analysis based on partial 18S, ITS, D2-D3 28S, and partial mtCOI sequences also confirmed it as a new species, which is very close to M. mali and M. vitis and forms molecular group VIII. M. marylandi and other Meloidogyne species detected from plants from Japan in China are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige Hickman
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | - Louise-Marie Dandurand
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
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Tran DM. Rhizosphere microbiome dataset of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora L.) grown in the Central Highlands, Vietnam, based on 16S rRNA metagenomics analysis. Data Brief 2022; 42:108106. [PMID: 35434233 PMCID: PMC9011037 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2022.108106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vietnam is the second-largest coffee producer in the world after Brazil. Of the two main coffee production species, namely, Arabica and Robusta, Vietnam is the largest producer of Robusta worldwide [1]. Based on previous reports, the planted coffee area in Vietnam was 695.600 ha and its production was 1.76 million tons in 2020, in which the Central Highlands region accounts for approximately 73% of the planted area and production [2]. Hence, this region is known as the capital of coffee plantations and production in Vietnam. Previous studies have focused on the diversity of rhizospheric bacteria from this plant species cultivated in this region based on cultivation methods [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8]. However, no report has been found on the rhizospheric microbial diversity of this important plant in Vietnam. To our knowledge, a dataset of rhizospheric microbial communities of the coffee plant grown in the Central Highlands is still unclear. This report presents a dataset of the rhizosphere microbiome from a representative sample obtained by mixing five rhizospheric soil samples of Coffea canephora L. cultivated in the Central Highlands region using metagenomic next-generation sequencing. This dataset provides information on the rhizospheric microbial diversity of Robusta coffee, particularly its functionality. Therefore, cultivation techniques for sustainable Robusta coffee production in the region could be developed by applying indigenous rhizospheric microbial resources.
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Effects of rhizobacteria and seed oils as eco-friendly agents against Meloidogyne incognita infested pepper plants under greenhouse and repeated applications field conditions. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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7
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El-Ashry RM, El-Saadony MT, El-Sobki AE, El-Tahan AM, Al-Otaibi S, El-Shehawi AM, Saad AM, Elshaer N. Biological silicon nanoparticles maximize the efficiency of nematicides against biotic stress induced by Meloidogyne incognita in eggplant. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:920-932. [PMID: 35197760 PMCID: PMC8848026 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nemours effective management tactics were used to reduce world crop losses caused by plant-parasitic nematodes. Nowadays the metallic nanoparticles are easily developed with desired size and shape. Nanoparticles (NPs) technology becomes a recognized need for researchers. Ecofriendly and biosafe SiNPs are developed from microorganisms. Recently, silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) have gained novel pesticide properties against numerous agricultural pests. This study assessed the biosynthesis of SiNPs from Fusarium oxysporum SM5. The obtained SiNPs were spherical with a size of 45 nm and a negative charge of -25.65. The nematocidal effect of SiNPs against egg hatching and second-stage juveniles (J2) of root-knot nematode (RKN) (Meloidogyne incognita) was evaluated on eggplant,Solanum melongena L. plants. In vitro, all tested SiNPs concentrations significantly (p ≤ 0.05) inhibited the percentage of egg hatching at a different time of exposure than control. Meanwhile, after 72 h, the percent mortality of J2 ranged from 87.00 % to 98.50 %, with SiNPs (100 and 200 ppm). The combination between SiNPs and the half-recommended doses (0.5 RD) of commercial nematicides namely, fenamiphos (Femax 40 % EC)R, nemathorin (Fosthiazate 10 % WG) R, and fosthiazate (krenkel 75 % EC) R confirmed the increase of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality after exposure to SiNPs (100 ppm) mixed with 0.5 RD of synthetic nematicides. The findings suggest that the combination between SiNPs, and 0.5 RD of nematicides reduced nematode reproduction, gall formation, egg masses on roots and final population of J2 in the soil. Therefore, improving the plant growth parameters by reducing the M. incognita population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramadan M. El-Ashry
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E.A. El-Sobki
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amira M. El-Tahan
- Plant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, The City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City. Borg El Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saad Al-Otaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Saad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Nashwa Elshaer
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
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8
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Abd El-Aal EM, Shahen M, Sayed S, Kesba H, Ansari MJ, El-Ashry RM, Aioub AAA, Salma ASA, Eldeeb AM. In vivo and in vitro management of Meloidogyne incognita (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) using rhizosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and Serratia spp. compared with oxamyl. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4876-4883. [PMID: 34466061 PMCID: PMC8381056 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological control using rhizosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas spp. and Serratia spp. is a prospective alternative technique to overcome plant parasitic nematodes infection. So, the current study was conducted in vitro on five egg-masses, 100 free eggs and 100 infective juveniles (IJs) of Meloidogyne incognita as well as greenhouse treatments on Luffa aegyptiaca L. to evaluate the nematicidal potential of six strains belong to Pseudomonas spp. and Serratia spp. as compared to oxamyl. Results showed that the inhibitory effect and juvenile mortality varied according to bacteria species, strains and exposure time. All the tested bacteria significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibited egg hatching and increased juvenile mortality in vitro. After 3 days of treatment, Pseudomonas spp. were more effective against eggs (48.31to 55.15%) and IJs (20.98 to 25.30%) than Serratia spp. (44.55 to 49.75% with eggs) and (19.06 to 21.61% with IJs), respectively. In the pot experiment, Luffa aegyptiaca L. treated with Serratia spp. and Pseudomonas spp. displayed significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) levels of growth (as indicated by root length, fresh roots weight and fresh shoots weight) compared to control plants and significantly (P ≤ 0.05) suppressed galling (number of galls) and reproduction (as indicated by number of egg-masses on roots and number of eggs and juveniles in pot soil). Meanwhile, among the treated plants, Serratia spp. and Pseudomonas spp. gave the best results in shoot weight of pots infected by eggs of M. incognita than those infected with IJs as compared with positive control. While, oxamyl treatment gave the best results in pots infected by eggs and IJs. The lowest galling (gall index), number of eggs and juveniles in soil was observed in the treatment with mixture of Serratia spp. and Pseudomonas spp. as well as, enhanced growth of sponge gourd more than application each of them alone. Pots treated with oxamyl overwhelmed those treated with mixture of Serratia spp. and Pseudomonas spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elasyed M Abd El-Aal
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, 44511 Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shahen
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, 31527 Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Samy Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, B.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosny Kesba
- Zoology and Agricultural Nematology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly) India
| | - Ramadan M El-Ashry
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, 44511 Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A A Aioub
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, 44511 Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ali S A Salma
- Agricultural Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, 44511 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Eldeeb
- Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, 44511 Zagazig University, Egypt
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Phan KL, LE TML, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TD, Trinh QP. First report and new molecular and morphological characterizations of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, infecting ginger and long coriander in Vietnam. J Nematol 2021; 53:e2021-11. [PMID: 33860245 PMCID: PMC8039984 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2021-011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and long coriander (Eryngium foetidum L.) are commonly grown and used as important spices and medicinal plants in Vietnam. Our study recovered for the first time one of the most damaging tropical root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne javanica, associated with these plants in the Western Highlands of Vietnam. In this study, M. javanica was characterized based on morphology and molecular characterization of D2-D3 fragment of 28S rRNA, ITS, and Nad5 mtDNA regions. The identification of this species was done based on a combination of morphology, multiplex-PCR with specific primer, network haplotype analysis, and PPNID program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Long Phan
- Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thi Mai Linh LE
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huu Tien Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thi Duyen Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Quang Phap Trinh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Sciences and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, 100000, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Yang Y, Hu X, Liu P, Chen L, Peng H, Wang Q, Zhang Q. A new root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne vitis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), parasitizing grape in Yunnan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245201. [PMID: 33534787 PMCID: PMC7857618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An unknown root-knot nematode was found at high density on grape roots collected from Yunnan Province. Morphometric traits and measurements, isozyme phenotypes, and molecular analysis clearly differentiated this nematode from previously described root-knot nematodes. This new species is described, illustrated and named Meloidogyne vitis sp. nov. The new species can be distinguished from other Meloidogyne spp. by a unique combination of characters. Females display a prominent neck, an excretory pore is located on the ventral region between 23rd and 25th annule behind lips, an EP/ST ratio of approximately 2.5 (1.98-2.96), a perineal pattern with two large and prominent phasmids, and a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure. Males display an obvious head region, a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, no lateral lips, a prominent slit-like opening between the labial disc and medial lips, a distinct sunken appearance of the middle of the medial lips, and four incisures in the lateral field. Second-stage juveniles are characterized by a head region with slightly wrinkled mark, a labial disc fused with the medial lips to form a dumbbell-shaped structure, a slightly sunken appearance of the middle of the medial lips, a slit-like amphidial openings between the labial disc and lateral lips, and four incisures in the lateral field. The new species has rare Mdh (N3d) and Est phenotypes (VF1). Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, D2D3 fragments of rDNA, and coxI and coxII fragments of mtDNA sequences clearly separated the new species from other root-knot nematodes, and the closest relative was Meloidogyne mali. Meloidogyne mali was collected for amplifying these sequences as mentioned above, which were compared with the corresponding sequences of new species, the result showed that all of these sequences with highly base divergence (48-210 base divergence). Moreover, sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primers for rapid identification of this new species were designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xianqi Hu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Pei Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Wheat Research Institute, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linfen, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Huan Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaomei Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Occurrence of endophytic bacteria in Vietnamese Robusta coffee roots and their effects on plant parasitic nematodes. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00649-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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12
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A New Root-knot Nematode, Meloidogyne Moensi n. Sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae), Parasitizing Robusta Coffee from Western Highlands, Vietnam. Helminthologia 2019; 56:229-246. [PMID: 31662695 PMCID: PMC6799579 DOI: 10.2478/helm-2019-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new root-knot nematode, parasitizing Robusta coffee in Dak Lak Province, Western Highlands of Vietnam, is described as Meloidogyne moensi n. sp. Morphological and molecular analyses demonstrated that this species differs clearly from other previously described root-knot nematodes. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by a swollen body of females with a small posterior protuberance that elongated from ovoid to saccate; perineal patterns with smooth striae, continuous and low dorsal arch; lateral lines marked as a faint space or linear depression at junction of the dorsal and ventral striate; distinct phasmids; perivulval region free of striae; visible and wide tail terminus surrounding by concentric circles of striae; medial lips of females in dumbbell-shaped and slightly raised above lateral lips; female stylet is normally straight with posteriorly sloping stylet knobs; lip region of second stage juvenile (J2) is not annulated; medial lips and labial disc of J2 formed dumbbell shape; lateral lips are large and triangular; tail of J2 is conoid with rounded unstriated tail tip; distinct phasmids and hyaline; dilated rectum. Meloidogyne moensi n. sp. is most similar to M. africana, M. ottersoni by prominent posterior protuberance. Results of molecular analysis of rDNA sequences including the D2-D3 expansion regions of 28S rDNA, COI, and partial COII/16S rRNA of mitochondrial DNA support for the new species status.
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Álvarez-Ortega S, Brito JA, Subbotin SA. Multigene phylogeny of root-knot nematodes and molecular characterization of Meloidogyne nataliei Golden, Rose & Bird, 1981 (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Sci Rep 2019; 9:11788. [PMID: 31409860 PMCID: PMC6692364 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The root-knot nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne are highly adapted, obligate plant parasites, consisting of nearly one hundred valid species, and are considered the most economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes. Six Meloidogyne species: M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita, M. microtyla, M. naasi and M. nataliei were previously reported in Michigan, USA. For this study, Meloidogyne nataliei was isolated from the grapevine Vitis labrusca from the type locality in Michigan, USA, and was characterized using isozyme analysis and ribosomal and mitochondrial gene sequences. No malate dehydrogenase activity was detected using macerate of one, five, six, seven or ten females of M. nataliei per well. However, one strong band (EST = S1; Rm: 27.4) of esterase activity was detected when using homogenates of ten egg-laying females per well. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the partial 18S ribosomal RNA, D2-D3 of 28S rRNA, internal transcribed spacer of rRNA, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I genes and the cytochrome oxidase subunit II-16S rRNA intergeneric fragment from fifty-five valid Meloidogyne species and M. nataliei were conducted using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods. From these results, we infer 11 distinct clades among studied species, with M. nataliei and M. indica composing a basal lineage. Seventy five percent of these species belong to seven clades within the Meloidogyne superclade. Characterization of these clades is provided and evolutionary trends within the root-knot nematodes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Ortega
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Campus de Móstoles, 28933, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Janete A Brito
- Division of Plant Industry, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville, FL, 32614-7100, USA
| | - Sergei A Subbotin
- Plant Pest Diagnostic Center, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA, 95832-1448, USA.,Center of Parasitology of A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii Prospect 33, Moscow, 117071, Russia
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