Biochemical profiles of hydatid cyst fluids of Echinococcus granulosus of human and animal origin in Libya

Efficiency of diffusion-weighted MRI for differentiating radiologically similar simple and type I hydatid cysts of the liver

BACKGROUND

Determining the nature of purely cystic hepatic lesions is essential because different kinds have different follow-ups, treatment options, and complications.

PURPOSE

To explore the potential of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for the differentiation of type I hydatid cysts (HC) and simple liver cysts (SLC), which have similar radiological appearances.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

This single-center prospective study was conducted during 2016-2019. Round, homogenous, anechoic liver cysts >1 cm were classified according to at least two years of imaging follow-up, radiological features, serology, as well as puncture aspiration injection reaspiration procedure and pathology results. ADC values of 95 cysts (50 type I HCs and 45 SLCs) were calculated on DWI. The differences in ADC values were analyzed by independent t-test.

RESULTS

Of 51 patients, 28 were female, 23 were male (mean age 32.07 ± 22.95 years; age range 5-82 years). Mean diameter of 45 SLCs was 2.59 ± 1.23 cm (range 1.2-7.6 cm) and ADC_mean value was 3.03 ± 0.47 (range 2.64-5.85) while mean diameter of 50 type I HCs was 7.49 ± 2.95 cm (range 2.8-14 cm) and ADC_mean value was 2.99 ± 0.29 (range 2.36-3.83). There was no statistically significant difference in ADC values between type I HCs and SLCs.

CONCLUSION

Some studies report that ADC values of type I HCs are statistically significantly lower than those of SLCs. Others suggest no significant difference. In our study with a higher number of cases, using ADC parameters similar to those in previous studies, we did not find any statistically significant difference.

The enzymes and electrolytes profiles in hydatid cyst fluid of naturally infected Iranian domestic ruminants

Cystic echinoccoccosis is a zoonotic and prevalent disease which causes health problems and economic looses worldwide. The biochemical components of hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) have important role in metabolism and growth of unilocular hydatid cyst. The aim of the current study was to determine HCF level of enzymes and electrolytes profiles in naturally infected Iranian domestic ruminants. The livers and lungs infected with hydatid cysts were collected and HCF was aspirated from a total of 100 cysts obtained from livers (50 cysts) and lungs (50 cysts) of slaughtered domestic ruminants. Biochemical measurement of HCF was undertaken using colorimetric technique, refractometer, flame photometer, and biuret method. The enzyme levels of HCF were also measured by using appropriate kits. The average HCF level of calcium (Ca) was found to be significant higher in cattle (7.49 ± 1.28 mg/dl) and goats (13.98 ± 5.11 mg/dl) lungs. The average HCF level of phosphorous (P) was significantly higher in cattle livers (0.82 ± 0.02 mg/dl) than other examined animals. Measurement of the average HCF level of magnesium (Mg) was significantly lower in camel lungs (11.8 ± 1.05 mg/dl) than that in cattle livers (10.56 ± 1.73 mg/dl). The highest average HCF levels of Natrium (Na, 122.8 ± 11.91 mEq/l) and Kalium (Ka, 7.18 ± 1.37 mEq/l) were measured in sheep livers. The average HCF level of albumin (Alb) in infected lungs was significantly lower in cattle (0.48 ± 0.01 mg/ml) than camels (0.95 ± 0.05 mg/ml). The average HCF level of total protein (TP) in infected lungs was also lower in sheep (0.51 ± 0.06 mg/dl) than goats (3.21 ± 0.51 mg/dl). The highest average HCF level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK, 1229.25 ± 13.21 U/ml) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, 363.62 ± 10.44 U/ml) were measured in infected lungs of camels. It was concluded that HCF level of enzymes and electrolytes had differences in examined Iranian domestic ruminants which may be used to screen and help in characterization and identification of strains of Echinococcus granulosus.

The study of biochemical profile of cyst fluid and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating hepatic hydatid cysts from liver simple cysts

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the value of biochemical profile of cyst fluid and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating hepatic hydatid cysts (HCs) from liver simple cysts.

Materials and methods

Forty‐six patients underwent MR imaging. Twenty‐nine patients had 29 hydatid cysts and 17 patients had liver simple cysts. Thirteen patients with hydatid cysts and seven patients with liver simple cysts were evaluated with cyst fluid biochemical analysis. The concentration of glucose, protein, calcium ion (Ca²⁺) electrolyte, macroscopic appearance, and parasitological sediment were evaluated in this study.

Results

In the respect of biochemical analysis cyst fluid, the concentration of glucose and calcium ion of HCs was significantly higher than that of the liver simple cysts. In the respect of DWI, in the b 1000 s/mm² value in respect of mean application data center (ADC) values, there was a statistically significant difference between HCs group (the mean value was (2.50±0.79)×10⁻³ mm/s²) and liver simple cysts group (the mean value was (2.92±0.66)×10⁻³ mm/s²). However, no statistically significant results were obtained in the ADC measurements of b 500 s/mm² between two groups.

Conclusion

The analysis of cyst fluid combined with the measurement of ADC values in the b 1000 s/mm² value could be considered a promising parameter as an alternative to the differential diagnosis of hepatic hydatid cysts from liver simple cysts.

Bacteria isolated from 25 hydatid cysts in sheep, cattle and goats

Bacteria were isolated from 12 of 25 hydatid cysts collected from the lungs and livers of cattle, sheep and goats slaughtered in the province of Messina, Sicily, Italy. Citrobacter freundii was isolated from seven of the cysts, Aeromonas hydrophila from three, Staphylococcus species from two, Salmonella species from two and Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris from one.