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Matsuyama H, Ueki Y, Okamoto I, Nagao T, Honda K, Yamazaki K, Okabe R, Togashi T, Shodo R, Ota H, Takahashi T, Omata J, Yokoyama Y, Saijo K, Tanaka R, Tsukahara K, Kitahara T, Uemura H, Yoshimoto S, Matsumoto F, Okami K, Sakai A, Takano K, Kondo A, Inohara H, Eguchi H, Oridate N, Tanabe T, Nakamizo M, Yokoshima K, Miura K, Kitani Y, Horii A. Head and neck small-cell carcinoma: A multicenter study of 39 cases from 10 institutions. Front Surg 2022; 9:1049116. [DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1049116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveBasal information of head and neck small-cell carcinoma (HNSmCC) including epidemiology, primary site, treatment, and prognosis remains sparse due to its rarity. We report here a multicenter retrospective study on the diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of patients with HNSmCC.Materials and methodsThis study involved 47 patients with HNSmCC from 10 participating institutions. Eight patients were excluded for whom no pathological specimens were available (n = 2) and for discrepant central pathological judgements (n = 6). The remaining 39 patients were processed for data analysis.ResultsAs pretreatment examinations, computed tomography (CT) was performed for the brain (n = 8), neck (n = 39), and chest (n = 32), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the brain (n = 4) and neck (n = 23), positron emission tomography-CT (PET-CT) in 23 patients, bone scintigraphy in 4, neck ultrasonography in 9, and tumor markers in 25. Primary sites were oral cavity (n = 1), nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses (n = 16), nasopharynx (n = 2), oropharynx (n = 4), hypopharynx (n = 2), larynx (n = 6), salivary gland (n = 3), thyroid (n = 2), and others (n = 3). Stages were II/III/IV-A/IV-B/IV-C/Not determined = 3/5/16/6/5/4; stage IV comprised 69%. No patient had brain metastases. First-line treatments were divided into 3 groups: the chemoradiotherapy (CRT) group (n = 27), non-CRT group (n = 8), and best supportive care group (n = 4). The CRT group included concurrent CRT (CCRT) (n = 17), chemotherapy (Chemo) followed by radiotherapy (RT) (n = 5), and surgery (Surg) followed by CCRT (n = 5). The non-CRT group included Surg followed by RT (n = 2), Surg followed by Chemo (n = 1), RT alone (n = 2), and Chemo alone (n = 3). The 1-year/2-year overall survival (OS) of all 39 patients was 65.3/53.3%. The 1-year OS of the CRT group (77.6%) was significantly better compared with the non-CRT group (31.3%). There were no significant differences in adverse events between the CCRT group (n = 22) and the Chemo without concurrent RT group (n = 9).ConclusionNeck and chest CT, neck MRI, and PET-CT would be necessary and sufficient examinations in the diagnostic set up for HNSmCC. CCRT may be recommended as the first-line treatment. The 1-year/2-year OS was 65.3%/53.3%. This study would provide basal data for a proposing the diagnostic and treatment algorithms for HNSmCC.
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Lee DH, Kim JH, Yoon TM, Lee JK, Lim SC. Metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the submandibular gland from the lung: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19018. [PMID: 31977918 PMCID: PMC7004759 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the salivary gland is an extremely rare condition. To the best of our knowledge, metastasis of small cell neuroendocrine lung cancer to the submandibular gland has not been reported in the literature. PATIENT CONCERN An 87-year-old female complained of a left neck mass that enlarged from one month ago. DIAGNOSIS The final diagnosis was diagnosed as a metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the submandibular gland from lung by an immunohistochemistry. INTERVENTIONS Left submandibular resection was performed under general anesthesia. OUTCOMES We recommended further evaluation and treatment, but the patient and patient family support team rejected further treatment of her condition. It was confirmed that 3 months after this conclusive diagnosis, the patient died as a result of this condition and disease. LESSONS Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the salivary gland is an extremely rare condition. We report a case of metastatic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the submandibular gland from the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School & Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, South Korea
| | - Tae Mi Yoon
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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van der Laan TP, Iepsma R, Witjes MJH, van der Laan BFAM, Plaat BEC, Halmos GB. Meta-analysis of 701 published cases of sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma: The importance of differentiation grade in determining treatment strategy. Oral Oncol 2016; 63:1-9. [PMID: 27938993 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to provide treatment guidelines for sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma (SNC) by combining all available data in the literature. A literature search for all studies concerning SNC was performed against the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases. Available clinical data was normalized, pooled, and statistically analyzed. A total of 701 cases of SNC were available for analysis, comprising 127 well or moderately differentiated sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas (SNEC), 459 sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) and 115 sinonasal small cell carcinoma (SmCC). Tumor type was the most important predictor of survival, with a 5-year disease-specific survival (DSS) of 70.2% for SNEC, 35.9% for SNUC and 46.1% for SmCC. Tumor stage on presentation was of limited value in predicting survival or response to treatment. Overall, the application of surgery yielded significantly better results (5-year DSS 52.2% versus 30.1%, p<0.001). In SNUC, radiotherapy was a beneficial supplement to surgery (5-year DSS 54.7% versus 15.7%, p=0.027), while radiotherapy as monotherapy performed poorly (5-year DSS 17.9%). Chemotherapy did not appear to contribute to survival. Based on these findings, we can conclude that the most important predictors of survival in SNC are differentiation grade and the associated choice of treatment modality. In contrast to other head and neck cancers, tumor staging appears of limited value in predicting survival or deciding on a treatment strategy. Surgery should be the cornerstone of treatment, supplemented by radiotherapy in poorly differentiated subtypes (SNUC, SmCC). Chemotherapy does not appear to contribute to survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom P van der Laan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment), The Netherlands
| | - René Iepsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Netherlands
| | - Max J H Witjes
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Netherlands
| | - Bernard F A M van der Laan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Damage and Repair in Cancer Development and Cancer Treatment), The Netherlands
| | - Boudewijn E C Plaat
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Netherlands
| | - Gyorgy B Halmos
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, The Netherlands.
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