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Miguel CB, da Silva TA, Rodrigues WF, Oliveira-Brito PKM, Roque-Barreira MC, Lazo-Chica JE. Administration of artinm lectin reduces the severity of the acute phase infection with Trypanosoma cruzi. FASEB Bioadv 2021; 3:295-304. [PMID: 33977231 PMCID: PMC8103718 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2020-00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute phase of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection is associated with a strong inflammatory reaction, physiological changes, amastigote nests in tissues, and hematological alterations. ArtinM, a lectin extracted from Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds, is a homotetramer exhibiting immunomodulatory properties that promotes Th1 immune responses against intracellular pathogens, including the induction of neutrophil migration and increase in IL‐12 production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ArtinM on experimental Chagas disease in mice. We evaluated mouse survival curves, parasitemia, hematological parameters including quantification of inflammatory infiltrates, and amastigote nests in cardiac tissue during infection. The results showed a reduced number of parasites in the blood, an increase in animal survival, improvements in hematological parameters, and decrease in inflammatory infiltrates and amastigote nests in the group treated with ArtinM. Collectively, these data suggest that the administration of ArtinM can lower the number of parasites in peak parasitemia caused by the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and can increase survival of infected mice. The observed reduction in cardiac tissue injury may be due to fewer T. cruzi amastigote nests and lower levels of inflammatory infiltrates. This study highlights the need for further investigation into the use of ArtinM as a potential alternative therapeutic for treating Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Botelho Miguel
- Postgraduate course in Health Sciences Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro Uberaba Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Thiago Aparecido da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Kellen Martins Oliveira-Brito
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Roque-Barreira
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | - Javier Emílio Lazo-Chica
- Postgraduate course in Health Sciences Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro Uberaba Minas Gerais Brazil.,Discipline of Cell Biology/Institute of Biological and Natural Sciences Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro Uberaba Minas Gerais Brazil
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4
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Ramirez MI, Deolindo P, de Messias-Reason IJ, Arigi EA, Choi H, Almeida IC, Evans-Osses I. Dynamic flux of microvesicles modulate parasite-host cell interaction of Trypanosoma cruzi in eukaryotic cells. Cell Microbiol 2016; 19. [PMID: 27665486 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles released from pathogens may alter host cell functions. We previously demonstrated the involvement of host cell-derived microvesicles (MVs) during early interaction between Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclic trypomastigote (META) stage and THP-1 cells. Here, we aim to understand the contribution of different parasite stages and their extracellular vesicles in the interaction with host cells. First, we observed that infective host cell-derived trypomastigote (tissue culture-derived trypomastigote [TCT]), META, and noninfective epimastigote (EPI) stages were able to induce different levels of MV release from THP-1 cells; however, only META and TCT could increase host cell invasion. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer microscopy revealed that THP-1-derived MVs can fuse with parasite-derived MVs. Furthermore, MVs derived from the TCT-THP-1 interaction showed a higher fusogenic capacity than those from META- or EPI-THP-1 interaction. However, a higher presence of proteins from META (25%) than TCT (12%) or EPI (5%) was observed in MVs from parasite-THP-1 interaction, as determined by proteomics. Finally, sera from patients with chronic Chagas disease at the indeterminate or cardiac phase differentially recognized antigens in THP-1-derived MVs resulting only from interaction with infective stages. The understanding of intracellular trafficking and the effect of MVs modulating the immune system may provide important clues about Chagas disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ramirez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - P Deolindo
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Emma A Arigi
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - H Choi
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - I C Almeida
- Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - I Evans-Osses
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Gazos-Lopes F, Oliveira MM, Hoelz LVB, Vieira DP, Marques AF, Nakayasu ES, Gomes MT, Salloum NG, Pascutti PG, Souto-Padrón T, Monteiro RQ, Lopes AH, Almeida IC. Structural and functional analysis of a platelet-activating lysophosphatidylcholine of Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3077. [PMID: 25101628 PMCID: PMC4125143 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of the life-threatening Chagas disease, in which increased platelet aggregation related to myocarditis is observed. Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a potent intercellular lipid mediator and second messenger that exerts its activity through a PAF-specific receptor (PAFR). Previous data from our group suggested that T. cruzi synthesizes a phospholipid with PAF-like activity. The structure of T. cruzi PAF-like molecule, however, remains elusive. Methodology/Principal findings Here, we have purified and structurally characterized the putative T. cruzi PAF-like molecule by electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). Our ESI-MS/MS data demonstrated that the T. cruzi PAF-like molecule is actually a lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), namely sn-1 C18:1(delta 9)-LPC. Similar to PAF, the platelet-aggregating activity of C18:1-LPC was abrogated by the PAFR antagonist, WEB 2086. Other major LPC species, i.e., C16:0-, C18:0-, and C18:2-LPC, were also characterized in all T. cruzi stages. These LPC species, however, failed to induce platelet aggregation. Quantification of T. cruzi LPC species by ESI-MS revealed that intracellular amastigote and trypomastigote forms have much higher levels of C18:1-LPC than epimastigote and metacyclic trypomastigote forms. C18:1-LPC was also found to be secreted by the parasite in extracellular vesicles (EV) and an EV-free fraction. A three-dimensional model of PAFR was constructed and a molecular docking study was performed to predict the interactions between the PAFR model and PAF, and each LPC species. Molecular docking data suggested that, contrary to other LPC species analyzed, C18:1-LPC is predicted to interact with the PAFR model in a fashion similar to PAF. Conclusions/Significance Taken together, our data indicate that T. cruzi synthesizes a bioactive C18:1-LPC, which aggregates platelets via PAFR. We propose that C18:1-LPC might be an important lipid mediator in the progression of Chagas disease and its biosynthesis could eventually be exploited as a potential target for new therapeutic interventions. Chagas disease, caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, was exclusively confined to Latin America but it has recently spread to other regions of the world. Chagas disease affects 8–10 million people and kills thousands of them every year. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is a major bioactive phospholipid of human plasma low-density lipoproteins (LDL). Platelet-activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid similar to LPC and a potent intercellular mediator. Both PAF and LPC have been reported to act on mammalian cells through PAF receptor (PAFR). Previous data from our group suggested that T. cruzi produces a phospholipid with PAF activity. Here, we describe the structural and functional analysis of different species of LPC from T. cruzi, including a LPC with a fatty acid chain of 18 carbon atoms and one double bond (C18:1-LPC). We also show that C18:1-LPC is able to induce rabbit platelet aggregation, which is abrogated by a PAFR antagonist. In addition, a three-dimensional model of human PAFR was constructed. Contrary to other T. cruzi LPC molecules, C18:1-LPC is predicted to interact with the PAFR model in a fashion similar to PAF. Further studies are needed to validate the biosynthesis of T. cruzi C18:1-LPC as a potential drug target in Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Gazos-Lopes
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mauricio M. Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas V. B. Hoelz
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Danielle P. Vieira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre F. Marques
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Parasitologia, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ernesto S. Nakayasu
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Marta T. Gomes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nasim G. Salloum
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pedro G. Pascutti
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco G, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thaïs Souto-Padrón
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Robson Q. Monteiro
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco H, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Angela H. Lopes
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Ilha do Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (AHL); (ICA)
| | - Igor C. Almeida
- The Border Biomedical Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AHL); (ICA)
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Altshuler AE, Richter MD, Modestino AE, Penn AH, Heller MJ, Schmid-Schönbein GW. Removal of luminal content protects the small intestine during hemorrhagic shock but is not sufficient to prevent lung injury. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00109. [PMID: 24303180 PMCID: PMC3841044 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The small intestine plays a key role in the pathogenesis of multiple organ failure following circulatory shock. Current results show that reduced perfusion of the small intestine compromises the mucosal epithelial barrier, and the intestinal contents (including pancreatic digestive enzymes and partially digested food) can enter the intestinal wall and transport through the circulation or mesenteric lymph to other organs such as the lung. The extent to which the luminal contents of the small intestine mediate tissue damage in the intestine and lung is poorly understood in shock. Therefore, rats were assigned to three groups: No-hemorrhagic shock (HS) control and HS with or without a flushed intestine. HS was induced by reducing the mean arterial pressure (30 mmHg; 90 min) followed by return of shed blood and observation (3 h). The small intestine and lung were analyzed for hemorrhage, neutrophil accumulation, and cellular membrane protein degradation. After HS, animals with luminal contents had increased neutrophil accumulation, bleeding, and destruction of E-cadherin in the intestine. Serine protease activity was elevated in mesenteric lymph fluid collected from a separate group of animals subjected to intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. Serine protease activity was elevated in the plasma after HS but was detected in lungs only in animals with nonflushed lumens. Despite removal of the luminal contents, lung injury occurred in both groups as determined by elevated neutrophil accumulation, permeability, and lung protein destruction. In conclusion, luminal contents significantly increase intestinal damage during experimental HS, suggesting transport of luminal contents across the intestinal wall should be minimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina E Altshuler
- Department of Bioengineering, The Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego La Jolla, California, 92093-0412
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Belaunzarán ML, Lammel EM, de Isola ELD. Phospholipases a in trypanosomatids. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:392082. [PMID: 21603263 PMCID: PMC3092542 DOI: 10.4061/2011/392082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases are a complex and important group of enzymes widespread in nature, that play crucial roles in diverse biochemical processes and are classified as A1, A2, C, and D. Phospholipases A1 and A2 activities have been linked to pathogenesis in various microorganisms, and particularly in pathogenic protozoa they have been implicated in cell invasion. Kinetoplastids are a group of flagellated protozoa, including extra- and intracellular parasites that cause severe disease in humans and animals. In the present paper, we will mainly focus on the three most important kinetoplastid human pathogens, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi, and Leishmania spp., giving a perspective of the research done up to now regarding biochemical, biological, and molecular characteristics of Phospholipases A1 and A2 and their contribution to pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Belaunzarán
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, piso 13, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Lin S, Sartori MJ, Mezzano L, de Fabro SP. Placental Alkaline Phosphatase (PLAP) Enzyme Activity and Binding to IgG in Chagas' Disease. Placenta 2005; 26:789-95. [PMID: 16122790 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2004.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Revised: 07/05/2004] [Accepted: 08/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Placentas and plasma from women with and without Chagas' disease and cultures of human placental villi with Trypanosoma cruzi, neuraminidase, phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C were analyzed in order to verify if the alterations in placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) enzyme activity are caused by T. cruzi as observed in previous works. As IgG receptivity happens to be one of the proposed functions of PLAP, general IgG binding ability of the placentas treated with the mentioned enzymes, which are present on the parasite's surface, were also tested. The phospholipases caused an increase of PLAP's enzyme activity in the supernatant of infected placentas and a decrease of enzyme activity in the membrane of cultured placentas, therefore suggesting the cleavage of PLAP by parasitic enzymes. Desialylation could also partially inhibit PLAP's enzyme activity in supernatant and membrane of placenta culture. Placentas from healthy patients presented higher IgG receptivity than those from patients with Chagas' disease. In vitro infection of healthy placentas with T. cruzi caused no difference in IgG receptivity in placental sections with respect to controls but the phospholipases and neuraminidase increased the IgG receptivity of cultured placentas. The IgG transference index was higher for patients with Chagas' disease than for those without it. Although binding to IgG does not completely inhibit the enzyme activity of PLAP, it interferes with the enzyme activity of PLAP. We concluded that the enzymes on the surface of T. cruzi trypomastigotes can not only affect PLAP's enzyme activity but also increase the IgG binding ability of the placenta and this can be related to the actions of neuraminidase-transsialidase, phospholipase A2 and phospholipase C on the parasite surface. The modification of PLAP from women with Chagas' disease should be considered as a result of multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lin
- IIa, Cátedra de Biología Celular, Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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