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Lemarcis T, Chesnais CB, Pion SDS, Boussinesq M, Locatelli S. Detection of a Larva of Armillifer armillatus in a Potto (Perodicticus potto) from the Republic of the Congo. J Parasitol 2020; 106:654-662. [PMID: 33079999 DOI: 10.1645/20-51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the complete sequence of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of a parasite discovered between the subcutaneous tissue and the peritoneum of an African nocturnal non-human primate (NHP). The parasite and host sequences were obtained by a combination of Sanger sequencing and nanopore MinION techniques. Analyses of mtDNA gene arrangements and sequences unambiguously showed that the parasite investigated was the pentastomid Armillifer armillatus, also commonly named the tongue worm. The full-length mitochondrial genome of A. armillatus, measuring 16,706 bp in length, contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes, an arrangement identical to that of previously described pentastomid mitochondrial genomes. We describe here the second full mitochondrial genome of A. armillatus to date. To identify the NHP host, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analyses of a 441-bp fragment on the 12S rDNA gene and of a 1,140-bp fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome b strongly support clustering with the African lorisid Perodicticus potto, a species that has rarely been reported as an intermediate host of this parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lemarcis
- IRD, UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175, University de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Cédric Benjamin Chesnais
- IRD, UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175, University de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sébastien David Serge Pion
- IRD, UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175, University de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Michel Boussinesq
- IRD, UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175, University de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Sabrina Locatelli
- IRD, UMI 233-TransVIHMI-INSERM U1175, University de Montpellier, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,Current address: IRD, UMR 224-CNRS5290-MIVEGEC, University de Montpellier, MIVEGEC, 911, Avenue Agropolis, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Walden HDS, Iredale ME, Childress A, Wellehan JFX, Ossiboff RJ. Case Report: Invasive Pentastomes, Raillietiella orientalis (Sambon, 1922), in a Free-Ranging Banded Water Snake ( Nerodia fasciata) in North Central Florida, USA. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:467. [PMID: 32851040 PMCID: PMC7417351 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Raillietiella orientalis is an obligate, crustacean parasite that resides in the respiratory tract of definitive snake hosts. Common throughout southeastern Asia and Australia, R. orientalis is believed to have been introduced into southern Florida, United States along with Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) in the 1990s. While the invasive range of Burmese pythons is restricted to southern Florida, R. orientalis has advanced north in the state in native snake species. R. orientalis were recovered from the lungs, trachea, oral cavity, and esophagus of an emaciated adult female free-ranging banded water snake (Nerodia fasciata) in north central (Alachua County), Florida, USA. Concurrent findings included the recovery of Ochetosoma sp. trematodes from the oral cavity, and multifocal dermal lesions consistent with snake fungal disease (Ophidiomyces ophiodiicola). This is the first report of R. orientalis in north central Florida, well outside the invasive range of the Burmese python, documenting the substantial northward expansion of the known geographical range of this invasive pentastome in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather D S Walden
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Marley E Iredale
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - April Childress
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - James F X Wellehan
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert J Ossiboff
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Population Medicine, University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Physiological Status Drives Metabolic Rate in Mediterranean Geckos Infected with Pentastomes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144477. [PMID: 26657838 PMCID: PMC4681768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative effects of parasites on their hosts are well documented, but the proximate mechanisms by which parasites reduce their host’s fitness are poorly understood. For example, it has been suggested that parasites might be energetically demanding. However, a recent meta-analysis suggests that they have statistically insignificant effects on host resting metabolic rate (RMR). It is possible, though, that energetic costs associated with parasites are only manifested during and/or following periods of activity. Here, we measured CO2 production (a surrogate for metabolism) in Mediterranean geckos (Hemidactylus turcicus) infected with a lung parasite, the pentastome Raillietiella indica, under two physiological conditions: rested and recently active. In rested geckos, there was a negative, but non-significant association between the number of pentastomes (i.e., infection intensity) and CO2 production. In recently active geckos (chased for 3 minutes), we recorded CO2 production from its maximum value until it declined to a stationary phase. We analyzed this decline as a 3 phase function (initial decline, secondary decline, stationary). Geckos that were recently active showed, in the secondary phase, a significant decrease in CO2 production as pentastome intensity increased. Moreover, duration of the secondary phase showed a significant positive association with the number of pentastomes. These results suggest that the intensity of pentastome load exerts a weak effect on the metabolism of resting geckos, but a strong physiological effect on geckos that have recently been active; we speculate this occurs via mechanical constraints on breathing. Our results provide a potential mechanism by which pentastomes can reduce gecko fitness.
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Occurrence of the pentastomid Porocephalus crotali (Humboldt, 1811) in an Indian rat snake (Ptyas mucosus): a case report. J Parasit Dis 2015; 39:401-4. [PMID: 26345041 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0336-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of the pentastomid Porocephalus crotali in an Indian rat snake (Ptyas mucosus) at Chennai, India is reported. The worms were found in the lungs and they were identified as females. The worms were cylindrical and annulated with a centrally located mouth surrounded by four hooks. The worms were rounded in cross section with tapering ends. Eggs were composed of two shell membranes. This is one of the new reports from rat snakes in Southern India.
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Brookins MD, Wellehan JFX, Roberts JF, Allison K, Curran SS, Childress AL, Greiner EC. Massive Visceral Pentastomiasis Caused by Porocephalus crotali in a Dog. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:460-3. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.07-vp-0246-r-bc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The testes of a 5-year-old, male, crossbred Schnauzer dog were the indicator organs for detection of massive pentastomiasis. Necropsy revealed numerous additional encysted parasites within the mesenteric lymph nodes, omentum, liver, sub-serosa of the small and large intestines, mesentery, and lungs. The nymphs had a pseudosegmented body, containing large eosinophilic glands and a chitinous cuticle with characteristic pores. Their hook configuration was consistent with that of Porocephalus. A pentastomid-specific 18S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was designed and used to amplify template for sequencing. The sequence of the PCR product was 99.7% homologous with the reference sequence for P. crotali. This pentastomid parasite has been reported in North American snakes of genera Crotalus and Agkistrodon. Mammals are intermediate hosts, and snakes are the definitive hosts. Porocephalus crotali has been reported in dogs only once, and molecular methods have not been used previously to identify the species in clinical pentastomiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Brookins
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - J. F. X. Wellehan
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - J. F. Roberts
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - K. Allison
- Society for Prevention of Cruelty to Animals of Central Florida, Orlando, FL
| | - S. S. Curran
- Department of Coastal Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS
| | - A. L. Childress
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - E. C. Greiner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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