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Molayousefian I, Karim B, Hosseini SM, Moghadamnia AA, Kazemi S. Kaempferol alleviates bisphenol A reproductive toxicity in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 704:149674. [PMID: 38387328 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including bisphenol A (BPA), are a major cause of male infertility by disrupting spermatogenesis. OBJECTIVE Here, we examined the potential protective benefits of kaempferol (KMF), a flavonol known for its antioxidant properties, on BPA-induced reproductive toxicity in adult male rats. METHODS Human skin fibroblast cells (HNFF-P18) underwent cell viability assays. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups: 1) control, 2) BPA (10 mg/kg), 3,4) BPA, and different dosages of KMF (1 and 10 mg/kg). The study examined the rats' testosterone serum level, antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), oxidative markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), body weight, weight ratios of testis and prostate, and histopathological examinations. RESULTS The study revealed that using KMF to treat rats exposed to BPA increased cell viability. Moreover, the rats' testosterone levels, which BPA reduced, showed a significant increase after KMF was included in the treatment regimen. Treatment with BPA led to oxidative stress and tissue damage, but simultaneous treatment with KMF restored the damaged tissue to its normal state. Histopathology studies on testis and prostate tissues showed that KMF had an ameliorative impact on BPA-induced tissue damage. CONCLUSIONS The research suggests that KMF, a flavonol, could protect male rats from the harmful effects of BPA on reproductive health, highlighting its potential healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inas Molayousefian
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Bardia Karim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Summers S, Bhattacharyya T, Allan F, Stothard JR, Edielu A, Webster BL, Miles MA, Bustinduy AL. A review of the genetic determinants of praziquantel resistance in Schistosoma mansoni: Is praziquantel and intestinal schistosomiasis a perfect match? FRONTIERS IN TROPICAL DISEASES 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fitd.2022.933097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) caused by parasitic trematodes belonging to the Schistosoma genus. The mainstay of schistosomiasis control is the delivery of a single dose of praziquantel (PZQ) through mass drug administration (MDA) programs. These programs have been successful in reducing the prevalence and intensity of infections. Due to the success of MDA programs, the disease has recently been targeted for elimination as a public health problem in some endemic settings. The new World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines aim to provide equitable access to PZQ for individuals above two years old in targeted areas. The scale up of MDA programs may heighten the drug selection pressures on Schistosoma parasites, which could lead to the emergence of PZQ resistant schistosomes. The reliance on a single drug to treat a disease of this magnitude is worrying should drug resistance develop. Therefore, there is a need to detect and track resistant schistosomes to counteract the threat of drug resistance to the WHO 2030 NTD roadmap targets. Until recently, drug resistance studies have been hindered by the lack of molecular markers associated with PZQ resistance. This review discusses recent significant advances in understanding the molecular basis of PZQ action in S. mansoni and proposes additional genetic determinants associated with PZQ resistance. PZQ resistance will also be analyzed in the context of alternative factors that may decrease efficacy within endemic field settings, and the most recent treatment guidelines recommended by the WHO.
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Parasitological and Biochemical Efficacy of the Active Ingredients of Allium sativum and Curcuma longa in Schistosoma mansoni Infected Mice. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154542. [PMID: 34361695 PMCID: PMC8347393 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The active ingredients allicin and curcumin have a wide range of actions against fungi, bacteria, and helminths. Therefore, the study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of allicin (AL) and curcumin (CU) as antischistosomal drugs and their biochemical effects in normal and Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. Praziquantel (PZQ) was administrated for two successive days while AL or CU was given for two weeks from the week 7th postinfection (PI). The possible effect of different regimens on Schistosoma worms was evaluated by measuring the percentage of the recovered worms, tissue egg load, and oogram pattern. Serum alanine transaminase activity and levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and uric acid were measured. Liver tissue malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels besides, the activities of glutathione-S-transferase, superoxide dismutase and catalase were assessed for the oxidative/antioxidant condition. DNA electrophoresis of liver tissue was used to indicate the degree of fragmentation. There was a significant reduction in the recovered worms and egg load, with a marked change of oogram pattern in all treated groups with PZQ, AL, and CU in comparison with infected-untreated mice. PZQ, AL, and CU prevented most of the hematological and biochemical disorders, as well as significantly improved the antioxidant capacity and enhanced DNA fragmentation in the liver tissue of schistosomiasis mice compared to the infected-untreated group. These promising results suggest that AL and CU are efficient as antischistosomal drugs, and it would be beneficial to test their combination to understand the mechanism of action and the proper period of treatment leading to the best result.
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Ijaz MU, Anwar H, Iqbal S, Ismail H, Ashraf A, Mustafa S, Samad A. Protective effect of myricetin on nonylphenol-induced testicular toxicity: biochemical, steroidogenic, hormonal, spermatogenic, and histological-based evidences. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:22742-22757. [PMID: 33423203 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-12296-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonylphenol (NP) is an environmental contaminant, which induces testicular toxicity through oxidative stress. Myricetin (MYR) is a naturally occurring flavonol having powerful antioxidant activity. The current research was planned to examine the ameliorative role of MYR against NP-induced testicular damage. A total of 24 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 equivalent groups: control (0.1% DMSO), NP group (50 mg kg-1), NP + MYR group (50 mg kg-1; 100 mg kg-1), and MYR-treated group (100 mg kg-1). NP administration significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR), and protein content while significantly (p < 0.05) elevating the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Additionally, NP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the sperm motility, gene expression of testicular steroidogenic enzymes (3β-HSD, 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; 17β-HSD, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase; StAR, steroidogenic-acute regulatory protein), level of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), plasma testosterone, and daily sperm production (DSP). On the other hand, it raised the testicular cholesterol, dead sperms, and head, midpiece, and tail abnormalities along with abnormal histomorphometry. However, MYR remarkably abrogated NP-induced damages. In conclusion, the outcomes of the study suggest that MYR can effectively alleviate the NP-induced oxidative stress and testicular damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Ijaz
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabnoor Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ashraf
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shama Mustafa
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Samad
- Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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5
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Rashed HAEH, Abu Almaaty AH, Soliman MFM, El-Shenawy NS. The in Vitro Antischistosomal Activity and Genotoxicity of the Active Ingredients of Allium sativum (allicin) and Curcuma longa (curcumin). IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 16:101-110. [PMID: 33786052 PMCID: PMC7988669 DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v16i1.5540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: In this study, we assessed the in vitro antischistosomal activity of the active ingredients of Allium sativum (allicin) and Curcuma longa (curcumin) on Schistosoma mansoni. Methods: This study was conducted in Faculty of Science, Port said University, Egypt (2018). Adult worms were exposed to a range of concentrations of AL or CU, and worm survival was assessed 24 h post-exposure to calculate the lethal concentration of the compounds. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess ultrastructural changes in the surface of AL- or CU- treated worms. The genotoxicities of AL and CU on S. mansoni were determined by DNA fragmentation analysis. Results: We determined the concentrations of AL and CU required to kill 50% of S. mansoni (LC50
). The LC50 of AL was 8.66 μL/mL, whereas 100% mortality of S. mansoni was achieved by AL at concentrations of 50 μL/mL. The LC50 of CU was 87.25 μL/mL, with the highest mortality of 91.3% seen after 24 h exposure to 100 μg/mL CU. Ultrastructural studies revealed that exposure to either AL or CU led to mild or severe surface damage to S. mansion, respectively. The degree of damage in the worms was sex-dependent. Interestingly, while CU exposure resulted in DNA fragmentation in S. mansoni worms, we observed no genotoxic effects of AL. Conclusion: Both AL and CU exhibit antischistosomal activity; the study provided evidence suggesting that these compounds act through distinct mechanisms. These promising results encourage further investigation into these compounds as potential antischistosomal agents, either alone or as complementary treatments to praziquantel.
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Huang P, Zhou M, Cheng S, Hu Y, Gao M, Ma Y, Limpanont Y, Zhou H, Dekumyoy P, Cheng Y, Lv Z. Myricetin Possesses Anthelmintic Activity and Attenuates Hepatic Fibrosis via Modulating TGFβ1 and Akt Signaling and Shifting Th1/Th2 Balance in Schistosoma japonicum-Infected Mice. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593. [PMID: 32373112 PMCID: PMC7176910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a zoonotic and debilitating parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum. Praziquantel remains the choice for treating schistosomiasis, but its efficacy could be hampered by emergence of resistance. In this study, using large-scale drug screening, we selected out myricetin, a natural flavonol compound, having a good anti-schistosome effect. We found that myricetin exhibited dose and time-dependent insecticidal effect on S. japonicum in vitro, with an LC50 of 600 μM for 24 h, and inhibited female spawning. The drug mainly destroyed the body structure of the worms and induced apoptosis of the worm cells, which in turn led to death. In addition, oral administration of myricetin in mice infected with S. japonicum showed a deworming effect in vivo, as evidenced by a significant reduction in the liver egg load. H&E staining, quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blotting assays showed that myricetin significantly alleviated liver fibrosis in mice infected with S. japonicum. Myricetin also effectively inhibited the expression of TGFβ1, Smad2, phospho-Smad2, Smad3, phospho-Smad3, ERK, phospho-ERK, Akt, and phospho-Akt in the liver of infected mice, suggesting that myricetin attenuated liver fibrosis in mice via modulating TGFβ1 and Akt signaling. Flow cytometric analysis of Th subtypes (Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg) in the mouse spleen further revealed that myricetin significantly increased the percentage Th1 cells in infected mice and reduced the proportion of Th2 cells and Th17 cells. Immunology multiplex assay further showed that myricetin attenuated S. japonicum-induced rise in the plasma levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IL-17A in infected mice while increasing the plasma contents of IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-7. In conclusion, our study provides the first direct evidence that myricin possesses potent anti-schistosome activities in vitro and in vivo, and offers new insights into the mechanisms of action by myricetin. The present findings suggest that myricetin could be further explored as a therapeutic agent for S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Minyu Zhou
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Shaoyun Cheng
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yue Hu
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Minzhao Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yubin Ma
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanin Limpanont
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hongli Zhou
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Paron Dekumyoy
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yixin Cheng
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiyue Lv
- Joint Program of Pathobiology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
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The ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib causes phenotypic changes and lethality in adult Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:881-890. [PMID: 30729300 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06224-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by different species of schistosome parasites is one of the most debilitating helminthic diseases of humans worldwide. For decades, chemotherapy is the main method of controlling schistosomiasis. However, the fear of drug resistance has motivated the search for alternatives. It has been demonstrated that the ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib affected the development and survival of Schistosoma mansoni in vitro; however, there is still lack of information on whether imatinib also affects other schistosome species such as Schistosoma japonicum. In the present study, the anti-schistosomal potency of imatinib on adult S. japonicum was investigated in vitro, and the results showed that imatinib had a significant impact on various physiological processes of S. japonicum adult worms. Besides its negative effects on worm motility, pairing stability, and gonad development, imatinib caused pathological changes in the gastrodermis as well as the death of the parasite. Our findings suggest that imatinib is an intriguing candidate for further development as an option to fight S. japonicum.
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8
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Dias HJ, Patrocínio AB, Pagotti MC, Fukui MJ, Rodrigues V, Magalhães LG, Crotti AEM. Schistosomicidal Activity of Dihydrobenzofuran Neolignans. Chem Biodivers 2018; 15:e1800134. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert J. Dias
- Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Filosofia; Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Andressa B. Patrocínio
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Mariana C. Pagotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; CEP 14404-600 Franca SP Brazil
| | - Murilo J. Fukui
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; CEP 14404-600 Franca SP Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Lizandra G. Magalhães
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; CEP 14404-600 Franca SP Brazil
| | - Antônio E. M. Crotti
- Departamento de Química; Faculdade de Filosofia; Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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9
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Viana M, Faust CL, Haydon DT, Webster JP, Lamberton PHL. The effects of subcurative praziquantel treatment on life-history traits and trade-offs in drug-resistant Schistosoma mansoni. Evol Appl 2018; 11:488-500. [PMID: 29636801 PMCID: PMC5891057 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural selection acts on all organisms, including parasites, to maximize reproductive fitness. Drug resistance traits are often associated with life-history costs in the absence of treatment. Schistosomiasis control programmes rely on mass drug administration to reduce human morbidity and mortality. Although hotspots of reduced drug efficacy have been reported, resistance is not widespread. Using Bayesian state-space models (SSMs) fitted to data from an in vivo laboratory system, we tested the hypothesis that the spread of resistant Schistosoma mansoni may be limited by life-history costs not present in susceptible counterparts. S. mansoni parasites from a praziquantel-susceptible (S), a praziquantel-resistant (R) or a mixed line of originally resistant and susceptible parasites (RS) were exposed to a range of praziquantel doses. Parasite numbers at each life stage were quantified in their molluscan intermediate and murine definitive hosts across four generations, and SSMs were used to estimate key life-history parameters for each experimental group over time. Model outputs illustrated that parasite adult survival and fecundity in the murine host decreased across all lines, including R, with increasing drug pressure. Trade-offs between adult survival and fecundity were observed in all untreated lines, and these remained strong in S with praziquantel pressure. In contrast, trade-offs between adult survival and fecundity were lost under praziquantel pressure in R. As expected, parasite life-history traits within the molluscan host were complex, but trade-offs were demonstrated between parasite establishment and cercarial output. The observed trade-offs between generations within hosts, which were modified by praziquantel treatment in the R line, could limit the spread of R parasites under praziquantel pressure. Whilst such complex life-history costs may be difficult to detect using standard empirical methods, we demonstrate that SSMs provide robust estimates of life-history parameters, aiding our understanding of costs and trade-offs of resistant parasites within this system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Viana
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Christina L. Faust
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular ParasitologyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Daniel T. Haydon
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Joanne P. Webster
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease ResearchDepartment of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Endemic, Emerging and Exotic DiseasesThe Royal Veterinary CollegeUniversity of LondonLondonUK
| | - Poppy H. L. Lamberton
- Institute for Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative MedicineUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease ResearchDepartment of Infectious Disease EpidemiologySchool of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Wellcome Centre for Molecular ParasitologyUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
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10
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Xiao SH, Sun J, Chen MG. Pharmacological and immunological effects of praziquantel against Schistosoma japonicum: a scoping review of experimental studies. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:9. [PMID: 29409536 PMCID: PMC5801800 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0391-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy for schistosomiasis has been around for 100 years. During the past century, great efforts have been made to develop new antischistosomal drugs from antimonials to nonantimonials, and some of these have been used extensively in clinical treatment. With the exception of a few drugs, such as oxamniquine and metrifonate, most of the antischistosomals developed in the pre-praziquantel period have variable limitations with respect to safety and efficacy. Although oxamniquine and metrifonate have been used for schistosomiasis control, they are only effective against Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, respectively. Currently, praziquantel is the only drug used for treatment of all five species of human schistosomes. In this review, the pharmacological and immunological effects of praziquantel against S. japonicum are summarized and discussed. MAIN TEXT From the end of the 1970s until the 2000s, scientists have conducted a series of experimental studies on the effects of praziquantel against S. japonicum. These have included examining its unique pharmacological action on schistosomes, the characteristics in susceptibility of the different developmental stages of schistosomes to the drug, the relationship between plasma concentration of the drug and efficacy, the impact of host factors on cidal action of the drug, prevention and early treatment of schistosomal infection, as well as praziquantel-resistant schistosomiasis. CONCLUSION The effects of praziquantel against S. japonicum, as elucidated by the experimental studies that are reviewed in this paper, may have some reference significance for the development of new antischistosomals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Xiao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Sun
- Institute for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Development, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Gang Chen
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China
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11
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Soares MH, Dias HJ, Vieira TM, de Souza MGM, Cruz AFF, Badoco FR, Nicolella HD, Cunha WR, Groppo M, Martins CHG, Tavares DC, Magalhães LG, Crotti AEM. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Schistosomicidal, and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oil of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Chenopodiaceae). Chem Biodivers 2017; 14. [PMID: 28504841 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201700149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the chemical composition and the antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin & Clemants (Chenopodiaceae) (DA-EO) against a representative panel of cariogenic bacteria. We have also assessed the in vitro schistosomicidal effects of DA-EO on Schistosoma mansoni and its cytotoxicity to GM07492-A cells in vitro. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) revealed that the monoterpenes cis-piperitone oxide (35.2%), p-cymene (14.5%), isoascaridole (14.1%), and α-terpinene (11.6%) were identified by as the major constituents of DA-EO. DA-EO displayed weak activity against Streptococcus sobrinus and Enterococcus faecalis (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 1000 μg/ml). On the other hand, DA-EO at 25 and 12.5 μg/ml presented remarkable schistosomicidal action in vitro and killed 100% of adult worm pairs within 24 and 72 h, respectively. The LC50 values of DA-EO were 6.50 ± 0.38, 3.66 ± 1.06, and 3.65 ± 0.76 μg/ml at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. However, DA-EO at concentrations higher than 312.5 μg/ml significantly reduced the viability of GM07492-A cells (IC50 = 207.1 ± 4.4 μg/ml). The selectivity index showed that DA-EO was 31.8 times more toxic to the adult S. mansoni worms than GM07492-A cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate the promising schistosomicidal potential of the essential oil of Dysphania ambrosioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina H Soares
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Herbert J Dias
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Tatiana M Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria G M de Souza
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana F F Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Badoco
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Heloiza D Nicolella
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Wilson R Cunha
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton Groppo
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos H G Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise C Tavares
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Lizandra G Magalhães
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Antônio E M Crotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade de Franca, CEP 14040-600, Franca, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Praziquantel for Schistosomiasis: Single-Drug Metabolism Revisited, Mode of Action, and Resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2017; 61:AAC.02582-16. [PMID: 28264841 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02582-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a major neglected tropical disease, affects more than 250 million people worldwide. Treatment of schistosomiasis has relied on the anthelmintic drug praziquantel (PZQ) for more than a generation. PZQ is the drug of choice for the treatment of schistosomiasis; it is effective against all major forms of schistosomiasis, although it is less active against juvenile than mature parasites. A pyrazino-isoquinoline derivative, PZQ is not considered to be toxic and generally causes few or transient, mild side effects. Increasingly, mass drug administration targeting populations in sub-Saharan Africa where schistosomiasis is endemic has led to the appearance of reduced efficacy of PZQ, which portends the selection of drug-resistant forms of these pathogens. The synthesis of improved derivatives of PZQ is attracting attention, e.g., in the (i) synthesis of drug analogues, (ii) rational design of pharmacophores, and (iii) discovery of new compounds from large-scale screening programs. This article reviews reports from the 1970s to the present on the metabolism and mechanism of action of PZQ and its derivatives against schistosomes.
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Martins MHG, Fracarolli L, Vieira TM, Dias HJ, Cruz MG, Deus CCH, Nicolella HD, Stefani R, Rodrigues V, Tavares DC, Magalhães LG, Crotti AEM. Schistosomicidal Effects of the Essential Oils of Citrus limonia
and Citrus reticulata
Against Schistosoma mansoni. Chem Biodivers 2016; 14. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201600194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moara H. G. Martins
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira; 201 - Parque Universitário CEP 14404600 Franca SP Brazil
| | - Letícia Fracarolli
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira; 201 - Parque Universitário CEP 14404600 Franca SP Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes; 3900, Monte Alegre CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Tatiana M. Vieira
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes; 3900, Monte Alegre CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Herbert J. Dias
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes; 3900, Monte Alegre CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Michele G. Cruz
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira; 201 - Parque Universitário CEP 14404600 Franca SP Brazil
| | - Cássia C. H. Deus
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário do Araguaia - CUA; Av. Senador Valdon Varjopn; 6390, Campus II CEP 78698-000 Barra do Garças MT Brazil
| | - Heloiza D. Nicolella
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira; 201 - Parque Universitário CEP 14404600 Franca SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo Stefani
- Instituto de Ciências Exatas e da Terra; Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário do Araguaia - CUA; Av. Senador Valdon Varjopn; 6390, Campus II CEP 78698-000 Barra do Garças MT Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Rodrigues
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes; 3900, Monte Alegre CEP 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Denise C. Tavares
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira; 201 - Parque Universitário CEP 14404600 Franca SP Brazil
| | - Lizandra G. Magalhães
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira; 201 - Parque Universitário CEP 14404600 Franca SP Brazil
| | - Antônio E. M. Crotti
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas; Universidade de Franca; Av. Dr. Armando Salles de Oliveira; 201 - Parque Universitário CEP 14404600 Franca SP Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes; 3900, Monte Alegre CEP 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
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Multi-host model and threshold of intermediate host Oncomelania snail density for eliminating schistosomiasis transmission in China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31089. [PMID: 27535177 PMCID: PMC4989165 DOI: 10.1038/srep31089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis remains a serious public health issue in many tropical countries, with more than 700 million people at risk of infection. In China, a national integrated control strategy, aiming at blocking its transmission, has been carried out throughout endemic areas since 2005. A longitudinal study was conducted to determine the effects of different intervention measures on the transmission dynamics of S. japonicum in three study areas and the data were analyzed using a multi-host model. The multi-host model was also used to estimate the threshold of Oncomelania snail density for interrupting schistosomiasis transmission based on the longitudinal data as well as data from the national surveillance system for schistosomiasis. The data showed a continuous decline in the risk of human infection and the multi-host model fit the data well. The 25th, 50th and 75th percentiles, and the mean of estimated thresholds of Oncomelania snail density below which the schistosomiasis transmission cannot be sustained were 0.006, 0.009, 0.028 and 0.020 snails/0.11 m2, respectively. The study results could help develop specific strategies of schistosomiasis control and elimination tailored to the local situation for each endemic area.
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Echaubard P, Sripa B, Mallory FF, Wilcox BA. The role of evolutionary biology in research and control of liver flukes in Southeast Asia. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2016; 43:381-97. [PMID: 27197053 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Stimulated largely by the availability of new technology, biomedical research at the molecular-level and chemical-based control approaches arguably dominate the field of infectious diseases. Along with this, the proximate view of disease etiology predominates to the exclusion of the ultimate, evolutionary biology-based, causation perspective. Yet, historically and up to today, research in evolutionary biology has provided much of the foundation for understanding the mechanisms underlying disease transmission dynamics, virulence, and the design of effective integrated control strategies. Here we review the state of knowledge regarding the biology of Asian liver Fluke-host relationship, parasitology, phylodynamics, drug-based interventions and liver Fluke-related cancer etiology from an evolutionary biology perspective. We consider how evolutionary principles, mechanisms and research methods could help refine our understanding of clinical disease associated with infection by Liver Flukes as well as their transmission dynamics. We identify a series of questions for an evolutionary biology research agenda for the liver Fluke that should contribute to an increased understanding of liver Fluke-associated diseases. Finally, we describe an integrative evolutionary medicine approach to liver Fluke prevention and control highlighting the need to better contextualize interventions within a broader human health and sustainable development framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Echaubard
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada; Global Health Asia, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Banchob Sripa
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis, Tropical Disease Research laboratory, Department of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Frank F Mallory
- Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Bruce A Wilcox
- Global Health Asia, Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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Huang J, Hua W, Li J, Hua Z. Molecular docking to explore the possible binding mode of potential inhibitors of thioredoxin glutathione reductase. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5787-95. [PMID: 26239395 PMCID: PMC4581810 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Praziquantel (PZQ) is the treatment of choice for schistosomiasis, one of the most important but neglected tropical diseases. Recently, however, Schistosoma have exhibited reduced susceptibility to PZQ, and an urgent need to develop new drugs to treat schistosomiasis has emerged. Thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) plays a crucial role in the redox balance of the parasite, combining glutaredoxin (Grx), glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase (TR) activities. Several compounds, including oxadiazole 2-oxides, phosphinic acid amides, isoxazolones and phosphoramidites, have been identified as agents that inhibit TGR from Schistosoma mansoni (smTGR) and exhibit anti-schistosomal activity. 4-Phenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carbonitrile-2-oxide has also been shown to be active against TGR from Schistosoma japonicum (sjTGR). The binding sites of these inhibitors, however, remain unclear. To explore the binding interactions of these compounds, we selected six compounds to dock into the NADPH binding site, the active site of the TR domain and the Grx active site of both smTGR and sjTGR using AutoDock 4.2.5.1. The results suggested that the most favoured binding site for all compounds in either sjTGR or smTGR was the oxidised glutathione-binding pocket of the TR domain. Although all of the compounds could fit into the sjTGR site, the inhibition efficiency of these compounds towards sjTGR was marginally lower than it was towards smTGR, suggesting that it would be necessary to design specific inhibitors of TGR for different Schistosoma species. The docking results showed that all compounds docking in smTGR and sjTGR adopted similar binding modes in the TR domain. Two peptide fragments from another subunit, Phe505′–Leu508′ and Pro572′–Thr577′, played a critical role in the interactions with the inhibitors. In conclusion, the present study has revealed binding mechanisms for potential inhibitors of Schistosoma TGRs and could lead to structure-based ligand design and the development of new anti-schistosomiasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Huang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Weijuan Hua
- Department of Biology, Jiangsu Second Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210013, P.R. China
| | - Jiahuang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zichun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, P.R. China
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Liu YX, Wu W, Liang YJ, Jie ZL, Wang H, Wang W, Huang YX. New uses for old drugs: the tale of artemisinin derivatives in the elimination of schistosomiasis japonica in China. Molecules 2014; 19:15058-74. [PMID: 25244286 PMCID: PMC6271675 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190915058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin (qinghaosu), extracted from the Chinese herb Artemisia annua L. in 1972, and its three major derivatives--artemether, artesunate and dihydroartemisinin--were firstly identified as antimalarials and found active against all species of the malaria parasite. Since the early 1980s, artemisinin and its derivatives have been found efficacious against Schistosoma spp., notably larval parasites, and artemisinin derivatives have played a critical role in the prevention and treatment of human schistosomiasis in China. Currently, China is moving towards the progress of schistosomiasis elimination. However, the potential development of praziquantel resistance may pose a great threat to the progress of elimination of schistosomiasis japonica in China. Fortunately, these three major artemisinin derivatives also exhibit actions against adult parasites, and reduced sensitivity to artemether, artesunate and dihydroartemisinin has been detected in praziquantel-resistant S. japonicum. In this review, we describe the application of artemisinin derivatives in the prevention and treatment of schistosomiasis japonica in China, so as to provide tools for the global agenda of schistosomiasis elimination. In addition to antimalarial and antischistosomal actions, they also show activities against other parasites and multiple cancers. Artemisinin derivatives, as old drugs identified firstly as antimalarials, continue to create new stories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, China.
| | - Yue-Jin Liang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Zu-Liang Jie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, China.
| | - Yi-Xin Huang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, China.
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Wang W, Dai JR, Liang YS. Apropos: factors impacting on progress towards elimination of transmission of schistosomiasis japonica in China. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:408. [PMID: 25175021 PMCID: PMC4261779 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, China is moving towards the elimination of schistosomiasis japonica. In a previous review, the factors affecting the progress towards the elimination of transmission of schistosomiasis in China have been summarized. Nevertheless, some factors were neglected. Hereby, we describe four other factors which may threaten the achievement of the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Zhang XG, Li GX, Zhao SS, Xu FL, Wang YH, Wang W. A review of dihydroartemisinin as another gift from traditional Chinese medicine not only for malaria control but also for schistosomiasis control. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:1769-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3822-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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20
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Wang W, Li TY, Ji Y, Qu GL, Qian YL, Li HJ, Dai JR, Liang YS. Efficacy of artemether and artesunate in mice infected with praziquantel non-susceptible isolate of Schistosoma japonicum. Parasitol Res 2013; 113:925-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Mantovani AL, Vieira GP, Cunha WR, Groppo M, Santos RA, Rodrigues V, Magalhães LG, Crotti AE. Chemical composition, antischistosomal and cytotoxic effects of the essential oil of Lavandula angustifolia grown in Southeastern Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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22
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Is there a reduced sensitivity of dihydroartemisinin against praziquantel-resistant Schistosoma japonicum? Parasitol Res 2013; 113:223-8. [PMID: 24146208 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-013-3647-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Praziquantel is currently the only drug of choice for the treatment of human schistosomiases. However, it has been proved that Schistosoma japonicum subjected to drug pressure may develop resistance to praziquantel. To evaluate the efficacy of dihydroartemisinin against praziquantel-resistant S. japonicum, mice infected with a praziquantel-resistant isolate and a praziquantel-susceptible isolate of S. japonicum were treated with dihydroartemisinin at a single oral dose of 300 mg/kg given once on each of 35-36 post-infection days, while infected but untreated mice served as controls. All mice were sacrificed 50 days post-infection, and the worm burden reductions were estimated. Administration of dihydroartemisinin at a single oral dose of 300 mg/kg on each of 35-36 post-infection days reduced total worm burdens of 69.8% and female worm burdens of 86% in mice infected with the praziquantel-susceptible isolate, and total worm burdens of 66.1% and female worm burdens of 85.1% in mice infected with the praziquantel-resistant isolate (both P values > 0.05). It is concluded that the sensitivity of artemisinin derivative dihydroartemisinin does not reduce in praziquantel-resistant S. japonicum.
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El-Beshbishi SN, Taman A, El-Malky M, Azab MS, El-Hawary AK, El-Tantawy DA. In vivo effect of single oral dose of artemether against early juvenile stages of Schistosoma mansoni Egyptian strain. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:240-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase from Schistosoma japonicum: integrated in silico-in vitro strategy for discovering antischistosomal lead compounds. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64984. [PMID: 23762275 PMCID: PMC3676400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0064984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms and more than 200 million people are infected worldwide. The emergence of resistance to the most commonly used drug, praziquantel (PZQ), makes the development of novel drugs an urgent task. 3-oxoacyl-ACP reductase (OAR), a key enzyme involved in the fatty acid synthesis pathway, has been identified as a potential drug target against many pathogenic organisms. However, no research on Schistosoma japonicum OAR (SjOAR) has been reported. The characterization of the SjOAR protein will provide new strategies for screening antischistosomal drugs that target SjOAR. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS After cloning the SjOAR gene, recombinant SjOAR protein was purified and assayed for enzymatic activity. The tertiary structure of SjOAR was obtained by homology modeling and 27 inhibitor candidates were identified from 14,400 compounds through molecular docking based on the structure. All of these compounds were confirmed to be able to bind to the SjOAR protein by BIAcore analysis. Two compounds exhibited strong antischistosomal activity and inhibitory effects on the enzymatic activity of SjOAR. In contrast, these two compounds showed relatively low toxicity towards host cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The work presented here shows the feasibility of isolation of new antischistosomal compounds using a combination of virtual screening and experimental validation. Based on this strategy, we successfully identified 2 compounds that target SjOAR with strong antischistosomal activity but relatively low cytotoxicity to host cells.
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Liu J, Dyer DH, Cheng J, Wang J, Wang S, Yang Z, Wang X, Hu W. Aldose reductase from Schistosoma japonicum: crystallization and structure-based inhibitor screening for discovering antischistosomal lead compounds. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:162. [PMID: 23734964 PMCID: PMC3691639 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with high morbidity and mortality in the world. Currently, the treatment of this disease depends almost exclusively on praziquantel (PZQ); however, the emergence of drug resistance to PZQ in schistosomes makes the development of novel drugs an urgent task. Aldose reductase (AR), an important component that may be involved in the schistosome antioxidant defense system, is predicted as a potential drug target. METHODS The tertiary structure of Schistosoma japonicum AR (SjAR) was obtained through X-ray diffraction method and then its potential inhibitors were identified from the Maybridge HitFinder library by virtual screening based on this structural model. The effects of these identified compounds on cultured adult worms were evaluated by observing mobility, morphological changes and mortality. To verify that SjAR was indeed the target of these identified compounds, their effects on recombinant SjAR (rSjAR) enzymatic activity were assessed. The cytotoxicity analysis was performed with three types of human cell lines using a Cell Counting Kit-8. RESULTS We firstly resolved the SjAR structure and identified 10 potential inhibitors based on this structural model. Further in vitro experiments showed that one of the compounds, renamed as AR9, exhibited significant inhibition in the activity of cultured worms as well as inhibition of enzymatic activity of rSjAR protein. Cytotoxicity analysis revealed that AR9 had relatively low toxicity towards host cells. CONCLUSIONS The work presented here bridges the gap between virtual screening and experimental validation, providing an effective and economical strategy for the development of new anti-parasitic drugs. Additionally, this study also found that AR9 may become a new potential lead compound for developing novel antischistosomal drugs against parasite AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of MOH, Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 207 Rui-Jin Road II, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Schistosomes are parasitic flatworms that cause schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease that affects hundreds of millions worldwide. Treatment and control of schistosomiasis relies almost entirely on the single drug praziquantel (PZQ), making the prospect of emerging drug resistance particularly worrisome. This review will survey reports of PZQ (and other drug) resistance in schistosomes and other platyhelminths, and explore mechanisms by which drug resistance might develop. Newer genomic and post-genomic strategies that offer the promise of better understanding of how drug resistance might arise in these organisms will be discussed. These approaches could also lead to insights into the mode of action of these drugs and potentially provide markers for monitoring the emergence of resistance.
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Carlton EJ, Hubbard A, Wang S, Spear RC. Repeated Schistosoma japonicum infection following treatment in two cohorts: evidence for host susceptibility to helminthiasis? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2098. [PMID: 23505589 PMCID: PMC3591324 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In light of multinational efforts to reduce helminthiasis, we evaluated whether there exist high-risk subpopulations for helminth infection. Such individuals are not only at risk of morbidity, but may be important parasite reservoirs and appropriate targets for disease control interventions. Methods/Principal Findings We followed two longitudinal cohorts in Sichuan, China to determine whether there exist persistent human reservoirs for the water-borne helminth, Schistosoma japonicum, in areas where treatment is ongoing. Participants were tested for S. japonicum infection at enrollment and two follow-up points. All infections were promptly treated with praziquantel. We estimated the ratio of the observed to expected proportion of the population with two consecutive infections at follow-up. The expected proportion was estimated using a prevalence-based model and, as highly exposed individuals may be most likely to be repeatedly infected, a second model that accounted for exposure using a data adaptive, machine learning algorithm. Using the prevalence-based model, there were 1.5 and 5.8 times more individuals with two consecutive infections than expected in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively (p<0.001 in both cohorts). When we accounted for exposure, the ratio was 1.3 (p = 0.013) and 2.1 (p<0.001) in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions/Significance We found clustering of infections within a limited number of hosts that was not fully explained by host exposure. This suggests some hosts may be particularly susceptible to S. japonicum infection, or that uncured infections persist despite treatment. We propose an explanatory model that suggests that as cercarial exposure declines, so too does the size of the vulnerable subpopulation. In low-prevalence settings, interventions targeting individuals with a history of S. japonicum infection may efficiently advance disease control efforts. Approximately 1 billion people are infected with one or more helminthes – a class of parasites that can impair physical, mental and economic development. We are interested in whether there exist groups who are repeatedly infected with helminthes over time in areas where treatment is ongoing. Such individuals may be at risk of morbidity and may also serve as parasite reservoirs, making them appropriate targets for disease control programs. We followed two cohorts in rural Sichuan, China in order to evaluate whether the same individuals were repeatedly infected with the water-borne helminth, Schistosoma japonicum. Each participant was tested for infection at enrollment and two follow-up points – all infections were promptly treated. We conducted detailed interviews to assess exposures to S. japonicum. We found infections repeatedly occurred in a subgroup of individuals and this clustering of infections was only partly explained by differences in exposure. This suggests some individuals may be particularly susceptible to S. japonicum infection. Further exploration of the interplay of exposure and susceptibility suggest that as exposure declines, so too does the fraction of the population vulnerable to infection. Helminth control programs that target people with a history of infection may efficiently reduce helminth infections and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Carlton
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America.
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Zhou YB, Liang S, Jiang QW. Factors impacting on progress towards elimination of transmission of schistosomiasis japonica in China. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:275. [PMID: 23206326 PMCID: PMC3519747 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades China has made a great stride in controlling schistosomiasis, eliminating transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in 5 provinces and remarkably reducing transmission intensities in the rest of the seven endemic provinces. Recently, an integrated control strategy, which focuses on interventions on humans and bovines, has been implemented throughout endemic areas in China. This strategy assumes that a reduction in transmission of S. japonicum from humans and bovines to the intermediate Oncomelania snail host would eventually block the transmission of this parasite, and has yielded effective results in some endemic areas. Yet the transmission of S. japonicum is relatively complicated--in addition to humans and bovines, more than 40 species of mammalians can serve as potential zoonotic reservoirs. Here, we caution that some factors--potential roles of other mammalian reservoirs and human movement in sustaining the transmission, low sensitivity/specificity of current diagnostic tools for infections, praziquantel treatment failures, changes in environmental and socio-economic factors such as flooding in key endemic areas--may pose great obstacles towards transmission interruption of the parasite. Assessing potential roles of these factors in the transmission and implications for current control strategies aiming at transmission interruption is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Biao Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Song Liang
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Qing-Wu Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education (Fudan University), 138 Yi Xue Yuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Wang W, Wang L, Liang YS. Susceptibility or resistance of praziquantel in human schistosomiasis: a review. Parasitol Res 2012; 111:1871-7. [PMID: 23052781 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-012-3151-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Since praziquantel was developed in 1970s, it has replaced other antischistosomal drugs to become the only drug of choice for treatment of human schistosomiases, due to high efficacy, excellent tolerability, few and transient side effects, simple administration, and competitive cost. Praziquantel-based chemotherapy has been involved in the global control strategy of the disease and led to the control strategy shifting from disease control to morbidity control, which has greatly reduced the prevalence and intensity of infections. Given that the drug has been widely used for morbidity control in endemic areas for more than three decades, the emergence of resistance of Schistosoma to praziquantel under drug selection pressure has been paid much attention. It is possible to induce resistance of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel in mice under laboratorial conditions, and a reduced susceptibility to praziquantel in the field isolates of S. mansoni has been found in many foci. In addition, there are several schistosomiasis cases caused by Schistosoma haematobium infections in which repeated standard treatment fails to clear the infection. However, in the absence of exact mechanisms of action of praziquantel, the mechanisms of drug resistance in schistosomes remain unclear. The present review mainly demonstrates the evidence of drug resistance in the laboratory and field and the mechanism of praziquantel resistance and proposes some strategies for control of praziquantel resistance in schistosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province 214064, People's Republic of China.
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Wang W, Dai JR, Li HJ, Shen XH, Liang YS. The sensitivity of Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel: a field evaluation in areas with low endemicity of China. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2012; 86:834-6. [PMID: 22556083 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the susceptibility of Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel in low endemic foci of China. During the non-transmission period of schistosomiasis, a total of 43 of 1,242 subjects were identified as being infected with the parasite using parasitological stool examinations in two low-endemicity areas of China, with a prevalence rate of 3.46%. All stool-egg-positive subjects were treated with praziquantel in a single oral dose of 40 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg for two successive days. Six weeks post-treatment, no S. japonicum eggs were detected in the 43 treated villagers. The results indicate that the current efficacy of praziquantel against S. japonicum seems satisfactory and has not changed over the past three decades in the low endemic areas of China. It is also suggested that no evidence of tolerance or resistance to praziquantel in S. japonicum is detected in areas with low endemicity in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Song L, Li J, Xie S, Qian C, Wang J, Zhang W, Yin X, Hua Z, Yu C. Thioredoxin glutathione reductase as a novel drug target: evidence from Schistosoma japonicum. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31456. [PMID: 22384025 PMCID: PMC3285170 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 01/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosomiasis remains a major public health concern affecting billions of people around the world. Currently, praziquantel is the only drug of choice for treatment of human schistosomiasis. The emergence of drug resistance to praziquantel in schistosomes makes the development of novel drugs an urgent task. Thioredoxin glutathione reductase (TGR) enzymes in Schistosoma mansoni and some other platyhelminths have been identified as alternative targets. The present study was designed to confirm the existense and the potential value of TGR as a target for development of novel antischistosomal agents in Schistosoma japonicum, a platyhelminth endemic in Asia. Methods and Findings After cloning the S. japonicum TGR (SjTGR) gene, the recombinant SjTGR selenoprotein was purified and characterized in enzymatic assays as a multifunctional enzyme with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione reductase (GR) and glutaredoxin (Grx) activities. Immunological and bioinformatic analyses confirmed that instead of having separate TrxR and GR proteins in mammalian, S. japonicum only encodes TGR, which performs the functions of both enzymes and plays a critical role in maintaining the redox balance in this parasite. These results were in good agreement with previous findings in Schistosoma mansoni and some other platyhelminths. Auranofin, a known inhibitor against TGR, caused fatal toxicity in S. japonicum adult worms in vitro and reduced worm and egg burdens in S. japonicum infected mice. Conclusions Collectively, our study confirms that a multifunctional enzyme SjTGR selenoprotein, instead of separate TrxR and GR enzymes, exists in S. japonicum. Furthermore, TGR may be a potential target for development of novel agents against schistosomes. This assumption is strengthened by our demonstration that the SjTGR is an essential enzyme for maintaining the thiol-disulfide redox homeostasis of S. japonicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiJun Song
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - JiaHuang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - ShuYing Xie
- Department of Schistosomiasis Diagnosis, Jiangxi Institute of Parasitic Disease, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - ChunYan Qian
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - XuRen Yin
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - ZiChun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZCH); (CXY)
| | - ChuanXin Yu
- Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (ZCH); (CXY)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Schistosomiasis is a chronic and morbid disease that affects hundreds of millions of the poorest individuals in (sub)tropical regions, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Just one drug, praziquantel (PZQ), is available. As discussed, efforts to expand mass drug administration programs may accelerate the emergence of resistance. In addition, PZQ's peculiar pharmacological profile and undefined mechanism of action(s) complicate discriminating incomplete efficacy from true resistance. Accordingly, and in spite of the challenges associated with developing new antischistosomals as discussed herein, alternatives to PZQ should be identified. Various strategies to do this are highlighted here. RECENT FINDINGS The last 2 years have witnessed more engagement of the necessary infrastructure combined with the application of the latest strategies and technologies to facilitate antischistosomal drug discovery. Preclinical and clinical evaluation of new chemistries has benefited from various consortia and institutions that underwrite drug development for antiparasitics in general. Drug repositioning, target-based drug design, improved automation for compound screening, genomics and functional genomics are just some of the tools now being applied to identify possible new drugs and drug targets. SUMMARY The new momentum toward the discovery of alternatives to PZQ is encouraging but needs to be sustained by a stronger advocacy for drug development, in addition to drug deployment.
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Li HJ, Wang W, Qu GL, Li YZ, Tao YH, Xing YT, Wang XT, Dai Y, Wei JY, Dai JR, Coles GC, Liang YS. Effect of the in vivo activity of dihydroartemisinin against Schistosoma mansoni infection in mice. Parasitol Res 2011; 110:1727-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2692-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li HJ, Wang W, Qu GL, Tao YH, Xing YT, Li YZ, Wei JY, Dai JR, Liang YS. In-vivo activity of dihydroartemisinin against Schistosoma japonicum. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2011; 105:181-5. [PMID: 21396254 PMCID: PMC4084662 DOI: 10.1179/136485911x12899838683287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H-J Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China, and, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - W Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China, and, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - G-L Qu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China, and, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Y-H Tao
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China, and, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Y-T Xing
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China, and, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Y-Z Li
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China, and, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J-Y Wei
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China, and, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - J-R Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China, and, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Y-S Liang
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China, and, Key Laboratory on Technology for Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, 117 Yangxiang, Meiyuan, Wuxi 214064, Jiangsu Province, China
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