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de Paula AA, Ott PH, Tavares M, Santos RA, Silva-Souza ÂT. Host–parasite relationship in Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) during their long northward journey to the Brazilian coast. Polar Biol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-020-02706-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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D’Amico V, Palacios M, Bertellotti M. Antihelminthic treatment alters cellular but not humoral immune components in Magellanic Penguin ( Spheniscus magellanicus) chicks. CAN J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjz-2017-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate whether helminth parasites affect both cellular and humoral components of the immune system of Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus (J.R. Forster, 1781)) chicks. We measured immune components after the administration of an antihelminthic drug to remove parasites. Cellular immune components included the complete white blood cell (WBC) count and the in vivo skin-swelling response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Humoral aspects assessed were the ability of plasma to agglutinate foreign particles and the bactericidal capacity of plasma. Antihelminthic treatment resulted in lower total WBC counts supporting the role of circulating leukocytes in fighting macroparasites. Deparasitized chicks showed a reduction in all types of leukocytes. Contrary to our expectation, deparasitized Magellanic Penguin chicks showed lower response to PHA injection than control chicks. The swelling response was positively correlated with body condition and with total WBC in circulation. We hypothesize that the specific helminth community naturally occurring in Magellanic Penguin chicks might have an overall immunostimulatory effect on the PHA response. Antihelminthic treatment did not alter the innate humoral immune parameters measured. Our results support the prediction that, given their relatively low costs of use and maintenance, innate humoral components would not be as affected by antihelminthic treatment as more costly cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- V.L. D’Amico
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CONICET, Brown 2915 (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CONICET, Brown 2915 (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - M.G. Palacios
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CONICET, Brown 2915 (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CONICET, Brown 2915 (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
| | - M. Bertellotti
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CONICET, Brown 2915 (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
- Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), CONICET, Brown 2915 (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina
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MODE OF ATTACHMENT AND PATHOLOGY CAUSED BY PARORCHITES ZEDERI IN THREE SPECIES OF PENGUINS: PYGOSCELIS PAPUA, PYGOSCELIS ADELIAE, AND PYGOSCELIS ANTARCTICA IN ANTARCTICA. J Wildl Dis 2016; 52:568-75. [PMID: 27195682 DOI: 10.7589/2015-07-200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We identified and compared gross and microscopic lesions associated with the cestode, Parorchites zederi, in the digestive tracts of three species of penguins (Spheniscidae): the Chinstrap ( Pygoscelis antarctica ), Gentoo ( Pygoscelis papua ), and Adélie penguins ( Pygoscelis adeliae ). The gastrointestinal tracts of 79 recently dead individuals (71 chicks and eight adults) were collected in locations throughout the Antarctic Peninsula during summer field trips in 2006-09. Parorchites zederi was found in the small intestine of 37 animals (47%), and 23 (62%) of these had parasite-associated lesions. The cestodes were either free in the intestinal lumen, clustered within mucosal ulcers, or deeply embedded in the intestinal wall. Histopathologic changes were most severe in adult Gentoo Penguins and included transmural fibrogranulomatous enteritis, hemorrhage, and edema. This report of pathology associated with P. zederi in the digestive tracts of penguins can serve as reference to monitor health in Antarctic birds associated with environmental changes.
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Carvalho JBD, Santos BMD, Gomes JF, Suzuki CTN, Hoshino Shimizu S, Falcão AX, Pierucci JC, Matos LVSD, Bresciani KDS. TF-Test Modified: New Diagnostic Tool for Human Enteroparasitosis. J Clin Lab Anal 2015; 30:293-300. [PMID: 25968065 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.21854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal parasitosis is highly prevalent worldwide, being among the main causes of illness and death in humans. Currently, laboratory diagnosis of the intestinal parasites is accomplished through manual technical procedures, mostly developed decades ago, which justifies the development of more sensitive and practical techniques. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop, evaluate, and validate a new parasitological technique referred to as TF-Test Modified, in comparison to three conventional parasitological techniques: TF-Test Conventional; Rugai, Mattos & Brisola; and Helm Test/Kato-Katz. For this realization, we collected stool samples from 457 volunteers located in endemic areas of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, and statistically compared the techniques. Intestinal protozoa and helminths were detected qualitatively in 42.23% (193/457) of the volunteers by TF-Test Modified technique, against 36.76% (168/457) by TF-Test Conventional, 5.03% (23/457) by Helm Test/Kato-Katz, and 4.16% (19/457) by Rugai, Mattos & Brisola. Furthermore, the new technique presented "almost perfect kappa" agreement in all evaluated parameters with 95% (P < 0.05) of estimation. The current study showed that the TF-Test Modified technique can be comprehensively used in the diagnosis of intestinal protozoa and helminths, and its greater diagnostic sensitivity should help improving the quality of laboratory diagnosis, population surveys, and control of intestinal parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
- Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Visual Informatics in Biomedical and Health, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Tetsuo Nagase Suzuki
- Laboratory of Visual Informatics in Biomedical and Health, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil.,Immunocamp Technology Research and Development LTDA, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sumie Hoshino Shimizu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Xavier Falcão
- Laboratory of Visual Informatics in Biomedical and Health, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julia Cestari Pierucci
- Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP/Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kleinertz S, Christmann S, Silva LMR, Hirzmann J, Hermosilla C, Taubert A. Gastrointestinal parasite fauna of Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) at the Atka Bay, Antarctica. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:4133-9. [PMID: 25164274 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-4085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In general, the knowledge on parasites infecting Antarctic birds is scarce. The present study intends to extend the knowledge on gastrointestinal parasites of Emperor Penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) at the Atka Bay, Antarctica. Fecal samples of 50 individual Emperor Penguins were collected at the Atka Bay and analyzed using the sodium-acetate-formaldehyde (SAF) method for the identification of intestinal helminth eggs and/or protozoan parasite stages. In addition, coproantigen ELISAs were performed to detect Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections. Overall, 13 out of 50 penguins proved parasitized (26%). The following stages of gastrointestinal parasites were identified: One Capillaria sp. egg, Tetrabothrius spp. eggs, Diphyllobothrium spp. eggs, and proglottids of the cestode Parorchites zederi. The recorded Capillaria infection represents a new host record for Emperor Penguins. All coproantigen ELISAs for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. were negative. This paper provides current data on parasites of the Emperor Penguin, a protected endemic species of the Antarctica.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kleinertz
- Institute for Parasitology, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany,
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Marino JA, Werner EE. Synergistic effects of predators and trematode parasites on larval green frog (Rana clamitans) survival. Ecology 2013; 94:2697-708. [DOI: 10.1890/13-0396.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kanarek G, Horne EC, Zaleśny G. Cyathostoma (Cyathostoma) phenisci Baudet, 1937 (Nematoda: Syngamidae), a parasite of respiratory tract of African penguin Spheniscus demersus: Morphological and molecular characterisation with some ecological and veterinary notes. Parasitol Int 2013; 62:416-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bichet C, Sorci G, Robert A, Julliard R, Lendvai AZ, Chastel O, Garnier S, Loiseau C. Epidemiology of Plasmodium relictum infection in the house sparrow. J Parasitol 2013; 100:59-65. [PMID: 23987473 DOI: 10.1645/12-24.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In vertebrates, multiple host characteristics and environmental factors are known to influence infectious disease dynamics. Here, we investigated variability in prevalence and parasitemia of Plasmodium relictum in the house sparrow ( Passer domesticus ) across a large number of rural and urban populations (n = 16). We found that prevalence was not predicted by any of the host traits investigated (age, sex, body mass, or wing length). However, parasitemia was significantly higher in females when compared to males and in 1-yr-olds as compared to older individuals. Neither prevalence nor parasitemia differed according to habitat type (urban vs. rural). These results suggest that inter-population variation in parasitemia depends on host intrinsic factors whereas variation in prevalence could be due to environmental differences between populations, such as climatic variables that might affect the abundance of vectors. This large-scale study gives us a better understanding of the key factors involved in the epidemiology of avian malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coraline Bichet
- Biogéosciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France
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