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Baines D, Newborn D, Richardson M. Are Trichostrongylus tenuis control and resistance avoidance simultaneously manageable by reducing anthelmintic intake by grouse? Vet Rec 2019; 185:53. [PMID: 31019007 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Benzimidazole-based anthelmintics bound to grit (medicated grit) are annually prescribed on request by veterinary practices to grouse managers to control Trichostrongylus tenuis an intestinal parasite of red grouse Lagopus lagopus scotica Those prescribing medication typically do without knowledge of parasite loads and hence often prescribe when loads are low and unlikely to impact the host. Inappropriate use of anthelmintics in livestock has led to development of parasite resistance to anthelmintics. To encourage grouse managers to reduce anthelmintic use, the authors experimentally withdrew medication from parts of eight moors. The authors monitored parasite and grouse responses by counting eggs and adult worms and grouse mortality and breeding success. Rapid increases in parasite egg counts in early spring culminated in resuming medication at three wet, blanket-peat sites; one in the first spring and two in the second. Medication was restored, despite low parasite counts, at a fourth moor. On the remaining four moors, drier heaths in the east, parasite levels remained low, were not associated with grouse mortality, but breeding success was 16 per cent lower in years without medication. Better parasite monitoring by grouse managers and vets alike may reduce anthelmintic use, helping prevent drug resistance, but this may be off-set by reduced grouse productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Baines
- Uplands, Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Barnard Castle, Co. Durham, UK
| | - David Newborn
- Uplands, Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Barnard Castle, Co. Durham, UK
| | - Michael Richardson
- Uplands, Game & Wildlife Conservation Trust, Barnard Castle, Co. Durham, UK
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Zhou X, Liu J, Zhang J, Wei Y, Li H. Flubendazole inhibits glioma proliferation by G2/M cell cycle arrest and pro-apoptosis. Cell Death Discov 2018. [PMID: 29531815 PMCID: PMC5841417 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-017-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Flubendazole, FDA-approved anthelmintic, has been widely used in treating testinal parasites. In the recent years, Flubendazole has been reported to exert anticancer activities. On the other hand, little was known about the effects of Flubendazole on gliomas. Here we demonstrated a novel effect of flubendazole on glioma cells. We found that Flubendazole inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis of glioma cell lines in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in xenograft models by intraperitoneal injection. However, Flubendazole might have no influence on cell migration. Mechanism study reaveled that Flubendazole caused cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, which partly account for the suppressed proliferation. Consistently, Flubendazole induced P53 expression and reduced Cyclin B1 and p-cdc2 expression in glioma cells. In addition, Flubendazole promoted cell apoptosis by regulating the classical apoptosis protein BCL-2 expression. These observations suggest that Flubendazole exerts anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis effects in Glioma through affecting the cell cycle and intrinsic apoptotic signaling, and indicate a novel utilization of Flubendazole in the treatment of Glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xumin Zhou
- 1Department of Pathogen Biology and Experimental teaching center of Preventive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jumei Liu
- 1Department of Pathogen Biology and Experimental teaching center of Preventive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- 2Department of Respiration, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Yong Wei
- 1Department of Pathogen Biology and Experimental teaching center of Preventive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hua Li
- 1Department of Pathogen Biology and Experimental teaching center of Preventive Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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Gartrell BD, Argilla L, Finlayson S, Gedye K, Gonzalez Argandona AK, Graham I, Howe L, Hunter S, Lenting B, Makan T, McInnes K, Michael S, Morgan KJ, Scott I, Sijbranda D, van Zyl N, Ward JM. Ventral dermatitis in rowi (Apteryx rowi) due to cutaneous larval migrans. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2014; 4:1-10. [PMID: 25830099 PMCID: PMC4356737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rowi on a crèche island showed loss of feathers and dermatitis. We identified cutaneous larval migrans, possibly due to Trichostrongylus. This is the first instance of cutaneous larval migrans to be recorded in birds. Fatal complications resulted in the death of eight birds from aspergillosis. Intensive conservation management can result in pathways for novel infections.
The rowi is a critically endangered species of kiwi. Young birds on a crèche island showed loss of feathers from the ventral abdomen and a scurfy dermatitis of the abdominal skin and vent margin. Histology of skin biopsies identified cutaneous larval migrans, which was shown by molecular sequencing to be possibly from a species of Trichostrongylus as a cause of ventral dermatitis and occasional ulcerative vent dermatitis. The predisposing factors that led to this disease are suspected to be the novel exposure of the rowi to parasites from seabirds or marine mammals due to the island crèche and the limited management of roost boxes. This is the first instance of cutaneous larval migrans to be recorded in birds. Severe and fatal complications of the investigation resulted in the death of eight birds of aspergillosis and pulmonary complications associated with the use of bark as a substrate in hospital. Another bird died of renal failure during the period of hospitalisation despite oral and intravenous fluid therapy. The initiating cause of the renal failure was not determined. These complications have the potential to undermine the working relationship between wildlife veterinarians and conservation managers. This case highlights that intensive conservation management can result in increased opportunities for novel routes of cross-species pathogen transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Gartrell
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - L Argilla
- Wellington Zoo, 200 Daniell Street, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - S Finlayson
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand ; Wellington Zoo, 200 Daniell Street, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - K Gedye
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - A K Gonzalez Argandona
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand ; Wellington Zoo, 200 Daniell Street, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - I Graham
- Department of Conservation, Franz Josef Office, State Highway 6, Franz Josef Glacier, 7856, New Zealand
| | - L Howe
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - S Hunter
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - B Lenting
- Wellington Zoo, 200 Daniell Street, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - T Makan
- Science and Capability Group, Department of Conservation, National Office, 18-32 Manners Street, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
| | - K McInnes
- Science and Capability Group, Department of Conservation, National Office, 18-32 Manners Street, Wellington 6011, New Zealand
| | - S Michael
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand ; Wellington Zoo, 200 Daniell Street, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - K J Morgan
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - I Scott
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - D Sijbranda
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand ; Wellington Zoo, 200 Daniell Street, Newtown, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - N van Zyl
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
| | - J M Ward
- Wildbase, Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand
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