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Ramadan RM, Mahdy OA, El-Saied MA, Mohammed FF, Salem MA. Novel insights into immune stress markers associated with myxosporeans gill infection in Nile tilapia (molecular and immunohistochemical studies). PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303702. [PMID: 38833454 PMCID: PMC11149867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is valued in aquaculture because of its quick development and ability to thrive in various environments. Myxosporeans are among the fish parasites that affect fish productivity, as they impact fish growth and reproduction, resulting in large fish deaths in farms and hatcheries. This study has been focused on morpho-molecular identification for the myxosporean parasites infecting Nile tilapia from three governorates in Egypt and assessment of gene expression of different cytokines (Interleukin-1βeta (IL-1β), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), and clusters of differentiation 4 (CD-4) and 8 (CD-8)) in tissues. Additionally, this work aimed to correlate the developed histopathological alterations and inflammatory reactions in gills with immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Finally, the infected fish's cortisol levels and blood glucose were assessed. Results of BLAST sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA for the collected protozoans confirmed Myxobolus agolus, M. brachysporus, M. tilapiae, and Henneguya species. The molecular characterization of the immunological status of gills revealed marked upregulation of different inflammatory cytokines in the gills of infected fish. There was a significantly increased serum cortisol and glucose level in infected fish compared with control, non-infected ones. Severe histopathological alterations were observed in the infected fish gills, associated with increased expression of iNOS and TNF-α and related to myxosporean infection. The present study provides new insights into oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia infected with Myxosporeans and elucidates the gill's immune status changes as a portal of entry for protozoa that contribute to tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M. Ramadan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Olfat A. Mahdy
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. El-Saied
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Faten F. Mohammed
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai A. Salem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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2
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Salti B, Atkinson SD, Brekhman V, Smirnov M, Lotan T. Exotic myxozoan parasites establish complex life cycles in farm pond aquaculture. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108105. [PMID: 38614293 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Myxozoans are obligate parasites with complex life cycles, typically infecting fish and annelids. Here, we examined annelids from fish farm pond sediments in the Beit Shean Valley, in the Syrian-African Rift Valley, Israel, for myxozoan infections. We examined 1486 oligochaetes, and found 74 (5 %) were infected with actinospore stages. We used mitochondrial 16S sequencing to infer identity of 25 infected annelids as species of Potamothrix, Psammoryctides, Tubifex and Dero. We identified 7 myxozoan types from collective groups Neoactinomyxum and Sphaeractinomyxon, and characterized them by small subunit ribosomal DNA sequencing. The Neoactinomyxum type was genetically most similar (∼93 %) to cyprinid fish-infecting Myxobolus spp. The six Sphaeractinomyxon types were genetically similar (93-100 %) to Mugilid-infecting Myxobolus spp.; with one being the previously unknown actinospore stage of a myxospore that infects mullet from aquaculture from the Israeli coast of the Mediterranean Sea. As the farm pond system is artificial and geographically isolated from the Mediterranean, the presence of at least seven myxozoans in their annelid hosts demonstrates introduction and establishment of these parasites in a novel, brackish environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Salti
- Marine Biology Department, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Stephen D Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Nash Hall 226, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vera Brekhman
- Marine Biology Department, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel
| | - Margarita Smirnov
- Central Fish Health Laboratory, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, 10803 Nir David, Israel
| | - Tamar Lotan
- Marine Biology Department, The Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 3498838 Haifa, Israel.
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3
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Nguyen HHT, Van Nguyen H, Van Hien H, Chinh NN, Truong VTT, Van Kim V, Hoai TD, Duc PP, Greiman SE, Nguyen HM. Marine fish parasites in the Cat Ba Archipelago, Vietnam: the results of 2010-2023 field surveys. Syst Parasitol 2024; 101:20. [PMID: 38351396 DOI: 10.1007/s11230-023-10145-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Between 2010 and 2023, a longitudinal study was undertaken to uncover the diversity of the parasite fauna of marine fishes in the Cat Ba Archipelago, a world biosphere reserve, in Vietnam. A total of 1,042 specimens representing 80 different fish species were collected and examined. Of these, 68 fish species, represented by 994 specimens (95.39%), were infected with parasites. A total of 162 parasitic species were discovered, including 54 trematodes, 37 monogeneans, 27 crustaceans, 15 myxozoans, 10 acanthocephalans, 10 nematodes, 7 cestodes, and 2 hirudineans. Over the course of the survey, twenty new species were described, including 7 acanthocephalans and 13 trematodes. Additionally, twenty species were recorded for the first time from the Cat Ba Archipelago and twenty-two species had new host records reported. The prevalence and mean intensity of parasite infection were found to be unaffected by season. These data on the parasitic fauna of Cat Ba Archipelago not only expand our knowledge of the diversity of Vietnam, but also provide strong baseline data for measuring future change resulting from environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Ha Thi Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha Van Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Van Hien
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Ngoc Chinh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Van Van Kim
- Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Truong Dinh Hoai
- Faculty of Fisheries, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Pham Duc
- Center for Public Health and Ecosystem Research, Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Environmental Health and Sustainable Development, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Hung Manh Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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4
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Ibrahim MM, Attia MM, Baghdadi HB, Abdelsalam M. First report of Kudoa species (Myxozoa, Multivalvulida) infection in purple-spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus) from the Saudi Arabian Gulf. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295668. [PMID: 38198465 PMCID: PMC10781066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The purple-spotted bigeye, Priacanthus tayenus, is a marine benthic fish native to the Indian and Pacific Oceans, including the Arabian Gulf in Saudi Arabia. This study identified a myxozoan parasite infecting wild P. tayenus from the Saudi Arabian Gulf. These parasites produced spherical to ovoid-shaped, white plasmodia enclosed within pseudocysts in the fish musculature. The annual infection rate was 5.1%, with the highest prevalence in summer (7.6%), followed by spring (6%), and autumn (2.5%), while no infections were observed in winter. The number of plasmodia per fish ranged from 100 to 150 (135.1 ± 16.2). Their dimensions were 4-4.7 mm (4.3 ± 0.3 mm) in length and 4.5-7 mm (6 ± 1.1 mm) in width. Milky-colored exudates within the plasmodia contained mature spores measuring 8-9 μm (8.6 ± 0.4 μm) x 6-7.5 μm (6.9 ± 0.5 μm). The polar capsules of the spores exhibited dimensions of 2-5 μm (3.5 ± 0.5 μm) x 2.5-4.5 μm (3 ± 0.45 μm). Both morphological and genetic analyses confirmed these plasmodia as a novel Kudoa species. Histopathological examination revealed atrophy in the surrounding muscles without an inflammatory response. This study documents the first occurrence of a novel Kudoa sp. in P. tayenus at the Jubail landing site in Saudi Arabia, emphasizing the need for further surveillance and investigations to elucidate its pathogenesis and implications for wild fish stocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M. Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Attia
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanadi B. Baghdadi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Abdelsalam
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine and Management, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Truong VT, Ngo HTT, Bui TQ, Palm HW, Bray RA. Marine fish parasites of Vietnam: a comprehensive review and updated list of species, hosts, and zoogeographical distribution. PARASITE (PARIS, FRANCE) 2022; 29:36. [PMID: 35833786 PMCID: PMC9281499 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2022033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
With a long coastline stretching from tropical to subtropical climate zones, and an immense exclusive economic zone with over 4000 islands, the Vietnamese marine waters support a rich and biodiverse parasite fauna. Although the first parasitological record was in 1898, systematic studies of the parasite fauna have increased during the last 50 years. This comprehensive review covers the current state of knowledge of marine fish parasites in Vietnam and lists 498 species found in 225 fish species, and their geographical distribution. In addition, 251 marine parasite species have newly been added to the already known fauna of 247 species since 2006 (more than two-fold increase). The most speciose group was the Digenea, which accounted for 43% of the total parasite species biodiversity, followed by Monogenea (23.5%), Crustacea (11.6%), Nematoda, and Acanthocephala (8.0% each). The shallow and muddy Gulf of Tonkin showed a rich parasite fauna, accounting for 66.3% of the whole marine parasite fauna of Vietnam, with Digenea accounting for 51% of the regional total parasite richness, followed by Monogenea (27%), Acanthocephala (8.8%), and Nematoda (5.8%). Only a few species belonged to Hirudinea, Myxozoa, and Cestoda, suggesting that these taxa may be understudied. Despite significant progress in studies of marine fish parasites in Vietnam since 2006, only about 12% and 13% of the total fish species have been examined for parasites in the whole country and the Gulf of Tonkin, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Thuong Truong
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany - Fisheries and Technical Economic College, Dinh Bang, 16315 Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thuy Ngo
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam; Bioresource Center, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam
| | - Te Quang Bui
- Research Institute for Aquaculture No. 1, Dinh Bang, 16315 Tu Son, Bac Ninh, Vietnam
| | - Harry W Palm
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rodney A Bray
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom
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6
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Mocho JP, Collymore C, Farmer SC, Leguay E, Murray KN, Pereira N. FELASA-AALAS Recommendations for Monitoring and Reporting of Laboratory Fish Diseases and Health Status, with an Emphasis on Zebrafish ( Danio Rerio). Comp Med 2022; 72:127-148. [PMID: 35513000 PMCID: PMC9334007 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The exchange of fish for research may expose an aquatic laboratory to pathogen contamination as incoming fish can introduce bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses capable of affecting both experimental results and fish and personnel health and welfare. To develop risk mitigation strategies, FELASA and AALAS established a joint working group to recommend good practices for health monitoring of laboratory fish. The recommendations address all fish species used for research, with a particular focus on zebrafish (Danio rerio). First, the background of the working group and key definitions are provided. Next, fish diseases of high impact are described. Third, recommendations are made for health monitoring of laboratory fishes. The recommendations emphasize the importance of daily observation of the fish and strategies to determine fish colony health status. Finally, report templates are proposed for historical screening data and aquatic facility description to facilitate biohazard risk assessment when exchanging fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chereen Collymore
- Veterinary Care and Services, Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan C Farmer
- Zebrafish Research Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Katrina N Murray
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Nuno Pereira
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Nova Medical School, Lisbon; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal; Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras. Portugal; ISPA - University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal; Lisbon Oceanarium, Lisbon, Portugal
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7
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Alama-Bermejo G, Hernández-Orts JS, Huchon D, Atkinson SD. Two novel myxosporean parasite species of Ceratomyxa Thélohan, 1892 from the banded cusk-eel Raneya brasiliensis (Kaup) (Ophidiiformes: Ophidiidae) off Patagonia, Argentina. Parasitol Int 2021; 85:102433. [PMID: 34371156 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We described two novel myxozoan parasite species Ceratomyxa argentina n. sp. and Ceratomyxa raneyae n. sp. from the gall bladder of Raneya brasiliensis (Kaup) from the Patagonian coast of Argentina. Both species can be distinguished from other ceratomyxids by myxospore and polar capsule (nematocyst) morphology and morphometry, fish host and geographic locality. Phylogenetic reconstruction using ssrDNA gene sequences showed that the two new species are placed in a long-branching ceratomyxid clade which also include Ceratomyxa appendiculata Thélohan, 1892, Ceratomyxa anko Freeman, Yokoyama and Ogawa, 2008, Ceratomyxa pantherini Gunter, Burger and Adlard, 2010 and Pseudoalataspora kovalevae Kalavati, MacKenzie, Collins, Hemmingsen and Brickle, 2013. This study documents additional biodiversity of marine myxozoans in the South Atlantic, a region still largely unexplored for this group of parasitic cnidarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Alama-Bermejo
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37 005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 97331 Corvallis, Oregon, USA.
| | - Jesús S Hernández-Orts
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, 37 005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dorothée Huchon
- School of Zoology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel; The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History and National Research Center, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Stephen D Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 97331 Corvallis, Oregon, USA
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8
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Surendran S, Chandran A, Vijayagopal P, Sanil NK. Morphological and molecular characterization of Ceratomyxa xanthopteri n. sp. (Myxosporea: Ceratomyxidae) from the marine ornamental fish Acanthurus xanthopterus Valenciennes 1835 (Acanthuridae) off Vizhinjam coast, Kerala. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:2445-2453. [PMID: 33913003 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new species of Ceratomyxa infecting the gallbladder of the marine ornamental fish Acanthurus xanthopterus collected from the Vizhinjam coast of Kerala is described. The parasite exhibited a prevalence of 100%. Mature spores recovered from the gallbladder were slightly crescentic with rounded lateral extremities and possessed convex anterior and slightly concave to straight posterior margins. Spore valves two, equal, joined by a straight and prominent suture. Myxospores measured 5.5 ± 0.6 μm in length and 15.9 ± 2.3 μm in thickness. Polar capsules two, equal, spherical, positioned anteriorly on either sides of the suture, 2.3 ± 0.2 μm long and 2.2 ± 0.2 μm wide. Polar filament with four to five coils, 21.2 ± 0.6 μm when extruded. Posterior angle 173.6 ± 5.2°. Early sporogonic stages and monosporic, disporic, and multisporic plasmodial stages were spherical to irregular in shape, with or without filopodia. Histopathologic analysis revealed that spores and developing stages were attached to the gallbladder wall as well as found free in the lumen. Morphologic and morphometric comparison of the present parasite with known species of Ceratomyxa indicated significant differences. In molecular and phylogenetic analyses, the present myxosporean revealed high divergence with related forms and occupied an independent position within the Ceratomyxa clade with high nodal support. Considering the morphological, morphometric, molecular, and phylogenetic dissimilarities with the previously described species of Ceratomyxa and the differences in host and geographic locations, the present species of myxosporean is treated as new and is named Ceratomyxa xanthopteri n. sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Surendran
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, North P.O., Ernakulam, Kerala, 682018, India.
| | - Archana Chandran
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, North P.O., Ernakulam, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - P Vijayagopal
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, North P.O., Ernakulam, Kerala, 682018, India
| | - N K Sanil
- Fish Health Section, Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, PB No. 1603, North P.O., Ernakulam, Kerala, 682018, India
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9
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Giulietti L, Karlsbakk E, Cipriani P, Shayo SD, Storesund JE, Levsen A. Molecular Characterization of the Myoliquefactive Fish Parasite Kudoa mirabilis (Cnidaria, Kudoidae) from SE Indian Ocean and Its Phylogenetic Relationship with the Kudoa thyrsites Species Complex. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091352. [PMID: 32899760 PMCID: PMC7565053 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myxosporean parasites of the genus Kudoa are fish parasites of great economic importance, as some species can affect the fish fillet quality by producing macroscopic cysts or generating post mortem myoliquefaction, commonly referred to as 'soft flesh'. Kudoa mirabilis is a 'soft flesh'-inducing species originally described based on morphology in the musculature of Trichiurus lepturus from the Indian Ocean. An integrative morphological and genetic characterization of K. mirabilis from the type host caught off the coast of Tanzania is here provided. The spores were stellate with four unequal polar capsules, showing similarities to Kudoa thyrsites. For comparative and validation purpose, K. mirabilis was compared morphologically and genetically with K. thyrsites reference isolates, including new obtained samples from the type host Thyrsites atun caught in the SE Atlantic Ocean. Morphological analyses of spores revealed key diagnostic characters clearly distinguishing the two Kudoa species. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU and LSU rRNA genes demonstrated that K. mirabilis is a distinct and valid species, representing a sister group to a K. thyrsites subclade that comprises several isolates from Japan and one single isolate from South Africa. This finding raises questions about the true diversity likely hidden in the K. thyrsites complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Giulietti
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), 5005 Bergen, Norway; (E.K.); (P.C.); (J.E.S.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Egil Karlsbakk
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), 5005 Bergen, Norway; (E.K.); (P.C.); (J.E.S.); (A.L.)
- Department of Biological Sciences (BIO), University of Bergen, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Paolo Cipriani
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), 5005 Bergen, Norway; (E.K.); (P.C.); (J.E.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Salome Daniel Shayo
- Dar es Salaam Research Center, Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI), Dar es Salaam 9750, Tanzania;
| | - Julia E. Storesund
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), 5005 Bergen, Norway; (E.K.); (P.C.); (J.E.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Arne Levsen
- Section of Contaminants and Biohazards, Institute of Marine Research (IMR), 5005 Bergen, Norway; (E.K.); (P.C.); (J.E.S.); (A.L.)
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10
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Azizi R, Yemmen C, Rangel LF, Santos MJ, Bahri S. Morphology, seasonality and molecular characterization of Ceratomyxa draconis n. sp. parasite of Trachinus draco (L.) from the Bay of Bizerte, Tunisia. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:2431-2438. [PMID: 32394002 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06664-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The specimens of Trachinus draco collected from the Bay of Bizerte were found to be infected with a new Ceratomyxa species described as Ceratomyxa draconis n. sp. The sequence of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene obtained in this study differs from other Ceratomyxa sequences available in GenBank. Mature spores of this species were elongated and crescent-shaped in sutural view, measuring 7.4 ± 0.77 (6.4-8.0) μm in thickness and 30.8 ± 1.65 (28.8-32.8) μm in width. The polar capsules were spherical, equal in size, and measuring 3.3 ± 0.2 (3.6-4.0) μm in diameter. The Ceratomyxa draconis n. sp. showed a clearly seasonal variation of prevalence with highest prevalence noted during summer months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramla Azizi
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Chiraz Yemmen
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Luís F Rangel
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Santos
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR/CIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sihem Bahri
- Laboratory of Biodiversity, Parasitology and Ecology of Aquatic Ecosystems, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
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11
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Cardim J, Araújo-Neto J, da Silva DT, Hamoy I, Matos E, Abrunhosa F. Kudoa yasai n. sp. (Multivalvulida: Kudoidae) from the skeletal muscle of Macrodon ancylodon (Sciaenidae) on the northern Atlantic coast, Brazil. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1743-1752. [PMID: 32318807 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06679-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new parasite species, Kudoa yasai n. sp. (Multivalvulida), is described from the king weakfish (Macrodon ancylodon), which is an important commercial fishery resource on the Brazilian Amazon coast. A total of 190 M. ancylodon specimens were obtained from the central fish market of the town of Bragança, and pseudocysts were found in the skeletal muscle fiber samples of all (100%) of the specimens, although no inflammatory reaction was observed in any of the cases. The myxospores are quadrate in shape with four polar capsules of equal size, 6.9 ± 0.94 μm long, 8.2 ± 0.39 μm wide, and 5.5 ± 0.60 μm thick. The polar capsules are 1.8 ± 0.26 μm in length and 1.4 ± 0.18 μm in width. The morphological and morphometric parameters, together with the phylogenetic analysis of a partial sequence of the 18S (SSU rDNA) gene, all indicate conclusively that Kudoa yasai n. sp. is a new species, distinct from all other Kudoa species. The study also verified the loss of quality in the meat of the host fish (M. ancylodon) sold in the Bragança market, which reinforces the need for the more systematic control of the quality of the product and the prevention of possible health problems for the consumer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Cardim
- Postgraduate Programme in Environmental Biology (PPBA), Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil.,Carcinology Laboratory, Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - José Araújo-Neto
- Postgraduate Programme in Environmental Biology (PPBA), Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil.,Carcinology Laboratory, Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Diehgo T da Silva
- Postgraduate Programme in the Biology of Infectious and Parasitic Agents (BAIP), Federal University of Pará (UFPa), Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Igor Hamoy
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA), Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Edilson Matos
- Carlos Azevedo Research Laboratory, Federal Rural University of the Amazon (UFRA), Belém, State of Pará, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Abrunhosa
- Carcinology Laboratory, Federal University of Pará (UFPa)/IECOS, Bragança, State of Pará, Brazil
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Giulietti L, Mattiucci S, Paoletti M, Grevskott DH, Bao M, Cipriani P, Levsen A. Morphological and molecular identification of a new Kudoa thyrsites isolate in Mediterranean silver scabbardfish Lepidopus caudatus. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2019; 132:125-134. [PMID: 30628578 DOI: 10.3354/dao03316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Myxozoans of the genus Kudoa (Myxosporea, Multivalvulida) infect marine and estuarine fish species worldwide. Some Kudoa species are of concern to the seafood industry since they may generate macroscopic cysts in the fish host's musculature, or cause post mortem myoliquefaction, commonly known as 'soft flesh'. One of the economically most important species is K. thyrsites, a myoliquefactive myxosporean parasite that occurs in many wild and cultured marine fish species worldwide. Here we identified a K. thyrsites isolate as the causative agent of myoliquefaction in silver scabbardfish Lepidopus caudatus from the Alboran Sea (western Mediterranean Sea). For comparative and validation purposes, the morphological and molecular characteristics of the isolate were compared with fresh spores of a K. thyrsites isolate infecting Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus from the Norwegian Sea. Myxospores of both isolates shared a stellate appearance and contained 4 unequal pyriform polar capsules (1 large, 1 small and 2 intermediate). These morphological traits were consistent with all other previously described K. thyrsites isolates. Moreover, the small subunit rDNA sequences of the Mediterranean and Norwegian Sea isolates revealed 100% similarity, and matched 100% with K. thyrsites isolates previously recorded in myoliquefactive Atlantic mackerel from the North Sea and off southern England. The findings suggest that K. thyrsites is the primary cause of myoliquefaction in silver scabbardfish from the Alboran Sea. This report represents the first morphological and molecular characterization of K. thyrsites in the Mediterranean Sea. A set of new allometric characters is proposed as additional descriptors for more accurate and specific description of kudoid myxospores.
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Alama-Bermejo G, Hernández-Orts JS. Ortholinea concentrica n. sp. (Cnidaria: Myxozoa) from the Patagonian seabass Acanthistius patachonicus (Jenyns, 1840) (Perciformes: Serranidae) off Patagonia, Argentina. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3953-3963. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6105-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Özer A, Yurakhno V, Öztürk T, Kornyychuk YM. Myxosporean parasites of Ceratomyxa merlangi and Myxidium gadi in whiting Merlangius merlangus: a comparative epizootiological analysis based on samples from two localities off southern and northern coasts of the Black Sea. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:2463-2469. [PMID: 28710529 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5550-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Totally 690 and 423 whiting Merlangius merlangus samples were collected from two localities off Southern (Sinop) and Northern coasts (Balaklava Bay) of the Black Sea, respectively, and examined for myxosporeans in the period from May 2011 to March 2014. Ceratomyxa merlangi and Myxidium gadi were the only myxosporean parasites identified in the content of gall bladder and their infection indices of prevalence (%) and intensity were calculated for length classes and sex of fish as well as for the seasons at both sampling localities. Overall infection prevalence of C. merlangi was 22.6% in Sinop and 27.9% in Balaklava samples while those values of M. gadi were 18.4% and 28.6% in Sinop and Balaklava samples, respectively. Both parasite species were also found to be co-existed in whiting samples. This is the first comprehensive epizootiological study yielded comparable data on C. merlangi and M. gadi infections in whiting in the southern and northern coasts of the Black Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Özer
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop, Turkey.
| | - V Yurakhno
- A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS, 2 Nakhimov ave, Sevastopol, 299011, Crimea, Russia
| | - T Öztürk
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Sinop University, 57000, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Y M Kornyychuk
- A. O. Kovalevsky Institute of Marine Biological Research of RAS, 2 Nakhimov ave, Sevastopol, 299011, Crimea, Russia
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Zatti SA, Atkinson SD, Bartholomew JL, Maia AAM, Adriano EA. Amazonian waters harbour an ancient freshwater Ceratomyxa lineage (Cnidaria: Myxosporea). Acta Trop 2017; 169:100-106. [PMID: 28185825 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new species of Ceratomyxa parasitizing the gall bladder of Cichla monoculus, an endemic cichlid fish from the Amazon basin in Brazil, is described using morphological and molecular data. In the bile, both immature and mature myxospores were found floating freely or inside elongated plasmodia: length 304 (196-402) μm and width 35.7 (18.3-55.1) μm. Mature spores were elongated and only slightly crescent-shaped in frontal view with a prominent sutural line between two valve cells, which had rounded ends. Measurements of formalin-fixed myxospores: length 6.3±0.6 (5.1-7.5) μm, thickness 41.2±2.9 (37.1-47.6) μm, posterior angle 147°. Lateral projections slightly asymmetric, with lengths 19.3±1.4μm and 20.5±1.3μm. Two ovoid, equal size polar capsules, length 2.6±0.3 (2-3.3) μm, width 2.5±0.4 (1.8-3.7) μm, located adjacent to the suture and containing polar filaments with 3-4 turns. The small subunit ribosomal DNA sequence of 1605 nt was no more than 97% similar to any other sequence in GenBank, and together with the host, locality and morphometric data, supports diagnosis of the parasite as a new species, Ceratomyxa brasiliensis n. sp. Maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses showed that C. brasiliensis n. sp. clustered within the marine Ceratomyxa clade, but was in a basally divergent lineage with two other freshwater species from the Amazon basin. Our results are consistent with previous studies that show Ceratomyxa species can cluster according to both geography and host ecotype, and that the few known freshwater species diverged from marine cousins relatively early in evolution of the genus, possibly driven by marine incursions into riverine environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suellen A Zatti
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen D Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 97331, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jerri L Bartholomew
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, 97331, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Antônio A M Maia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, São Paulo University, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, CEP 13635-900, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson A Adriano
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, CEP 13083-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Professor Arthur Riedel, 275, Jardim Eldorado, CEP 09972-270, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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Ben-David J, Atkinson SD, Pollak Y, Yossifon G, Shavit U, Bartholomew JL, Lotan T. Myxozoan polar tubules display structural and functional variation. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:549. [PMID: 27741948 PMCID: PMC5064783 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1819-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myxozoa is a speciose group of endoparasitic cnidarians that can cause severe ecological and economic effects. Although highly reduced compared to free-living cnidarians, myxozoans have retained the phylum-defining stinging organelles, known as cnidae or polar capsules, which are essential to initiating host infection. To explore the adaptations of myxozoan polar capsules, we compared the structure, firing process and content release mechanism of polar tubules in myxospores of three Myxobolus species including M. cerebralis, the causative agent of whirling disease. RESULTS We found novel functions and morphologies in myxozoan polar tubules. High-speed video analysis of the firing process of capsules from the three Myxobolus species showed that all polar tubules rapidly extended and then contracted, an elasticity phenomenon that is unknown in free-living cnidarians. Interestingly, the duration of the tubule release differed among the three species by more than two orders of magnitude, ranging from 0.35 to 10 s. By dye-labeling the polar capsules prior to firing, we discovered that two of the species could release their entire capsule content, a delivery process not previously known from myxozoans. Having the role of content delivery and not simply anchoring suggests that cytotoxic or proteolytic compounds may be present in the capsule. Moreover, while free-living cnidarians inject most of the toxic content through the distal tip of the tubule, our video and ultrastructure analyses of the myxozoan tubules revealed patterns of double spirals of nodules and pores along parts of the tubules, and showed that the distal tip of the tubules was sealed. This helical pattern and distribution of openings may minimize the tubule mechanical weakness and improve resistance to the stress impose by firing. The finding that myxozoan tubule characteristics are very different from those of free-living cnidarians is suggestive of their adaptation to parasitic life. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that myxozoan polar tubules have more functions than previously assumed, and provide insight into their evolution from free-living ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ben-David
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Stephen D Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Nash Hall 226, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Yulia Pollak
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Gilad Yossifon
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Uri Shavit
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion, Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Jerri L Bartholomew
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Nash Hall 226, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tamar Lotan
- Department of Marine Biology, Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel.
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