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Jesus RF, Oliveira SCG, Ramos IMC, Melo FTV. A new species of Orientatractis (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea: Atractidae) parasite of Yellow-Spotted Amazon River Turtle, Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Testudines: Podocnemididae) in Brazilian Amazon. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2023; 22:108-112. [PMID: 37799291 PMCID: PMC10550509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The current study describes a new species of nematode, Orientatractis matosi n. sp. (Atractidae), from the stomach and large intestine of Podocnemis unifilis Troschel, 1848 (Testudinidae), collected in the Tocantins and Xingu rivers in the Brazilian state of Pará. The new species was described using light and scanning electron microscopy and differs from its congeners mainly in the number and distribution of the male caudal papillae and by having a shorter right spicule. Orientatracits matosi n. sp. is the eleventh species of the genus Orientatractis Petter, 1966, the third reported from the Amazon, and the second described from P. unifilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Ferreira Jesus
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPa), Av. Augusto Correa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Sara Caroline Gama Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPa), Av. Augusto Correa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Isabel Mercedes Centeno Ramos
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPa), Av. Augusto Correa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
| | - Francisco Tiago Vasconcelos Melo
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology and Helminthology “Profa. Dra. Reinalda Marisa Lanfredi”, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará (UFPa), Av. Augusto Correa 01, Guamá, Belém, Pará, 66075-110, Brazil
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Tuschida K, Urabe M, Nishikawa K. Two new kathlaniid species (Nematoda: Cosmocercoidea) parasitic in salamanders of the genus Andrias (Amphibia: Caudata: Cryptobranchidae). Parasitol Int 2023; 92:102693. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2022.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Endoparasite fauna of freshwater fish from the upper Juruá River in the Western Amazon, Brazil. J Helminthol 2022; 96:e55. [PMID: 35904029 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x2200027x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Amazon region may present a high diversity of endoparasites with a high degree of endemism. In this sense, this study describes the endoparasite fauna in freshwater fish from the Upper Juruá, in the Western Amazon. The study was carried out around the municipalities of Cruzeiro do Sul, state of Acre, and Guajará, state of Amazonas, Brazil. Fish were caught between periods of droughts and floods, using passive and active sampling methods. In the laboratory, specimens were biometrically analysed and necropsied. As a result, a total of 23,740 endoparasites were recorded, belonging to 62 species, with 91 new host reports and 91 new occurrences for the Western Amazon. Nematoda and Digenea were the most diverse and abundant groups, and the increase in host fish richness and diversity influenced the diversity and richness of endoparasites in the environments. In this sense, the present study expands the number of new reports, and contributes data on the distribution and richness of endoparasites for South America.
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Ni XF, Chen HX, Xu Z, Gu XH, Li L. Morphology, genetic characterization and molecular phylogeny of the poorly known nematode parasite Cissophyllus leytensis Tubangui & Villaamil, 1933 (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from the Philippine sailfin lizard Hydrosaurus pustulatus (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Reptilia: Squamata). Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:116. [PMID: 35365181 PMCID: PMC8973900 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genus Cissophyllus (Cosmocercoidea: Kathlaniidae) is a rare group of nematodes parasitic in turtles and lizards. To date, only four species have been reported in Asia and North America. However, most of them are inadequately described. The species Cissophyllus leytensis has never been reported since it was originally described by Tubangui and Villaamil in 1933 from the Philippine sailfin lizard Hydrosaurus pustulatus (Eschscholtz, 1829) (Reptilia: Squamata). Furthermore, the systematic status of Cissophyllus/Cissophyllinae in the family Kathlaniidae of the superfamily Cosmocercoidea remains under debate. Methods The detailed morphology of C. leytensis was studied using light microscopy (LM) and, for the first time, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), based on newly collected specimens from the type host H. pustulatus. Six different genetic markers, including nuclear sequences [small ribosomal subunit (18S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large ribosomal subunit (28S)], plus mitochondrial genes [cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 2 (cox2) and 12S small subunit ribosomal RNA gene] of C. leytensis were sequenced. Additionally, in order to test the validity of the subfamily Cissophyllinae and clarify the phylogenetic relationships of Cissophyllus and the other genera in the family Kathlaniidae, phylogenetic analyses based on 18S + 28S and ITS sequence data were performed using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) analyses, respectively. Results Our observations using LM and SEM revealed some previously unreported morphological features, necessitating the redescription of this poorly known species. The presence of remarkable morphological variation in the isthmus and the position of excretory pore among different individuals was found. Molecular analysis showed no intraspecific nucleotide divergence detected in the 18S, ITS, 28S, cox2 and 12S regions among different individuals of C. leytensis, but a low level of intraspecific genetic variation was found in the cox1 (0.52%). Our phylogenetic results showed the representatives of the Cosmocercoidea divided into four large clades (Cosmocerca + Aplectana + Cosmocercoides representing the family Cosmocercidae, Cruzia representing the subfamily Cruzinae of Kathlaniidae, Falcaustra + Cissophyllus + Megalobatrachonema representing the subfamily Kathlaniinae of Kathlaniidae, and Orientatractis + Rondonia representing the family Atractidae). The genus Cissophyllus clustered together with the genus Megalobatrachonema in both the ML and BI trees using ITS sequence data, but displayed a sister relationship to the genus Falcaustra in the ML tree and to the genera Falcaustra + Megalobatrachonema in the BI tree using 18S + 28S sequence data. Conclusions Molecular phylogenetic results further confirmed that the family Kathlaniidae is not a monophyletic group. The subfamily Cruziinae should be moved from the hitherto-defined family Kathlaniidae and elevated as a separate family Cruziidae. The present phylogenetic results also negated the validity of the subfamily Cissophyllinae and supported the genus Cissophyllus assigned in the subfamily Kathlaniinae. Molecular analysis indicated that the morphological variation in the isthmus and position of excretory pore among different individuals should be considered as intraspecific variation. Moreover, some characters important for the specific diagnosis of C. leytensis are reported for the first time: the number of acuminate denticles (lamellae) on each lip, the chitinized pharynx with three flabellate pharyngeal plates, the presence of single medioventral precloacal papilla and the detailed morphology of caudal papillae. The present study is only the second record of C. leytensis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Feng Ni
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Medical College of Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056002, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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Checklist of nematodes parasitizing fish in the Brazilian Amazon. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e75. [PMID: 34964710 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a list of parasitic fish nematodes from the Brazilian Amazon based on the previous Brazilian list including scientific assessments carried out between 2010 and 2021. A total of 16 families, 48 species and 28 undetermined species of nematodes associated with fish are included in the checklist, in addition to 93 host species and 15 geographical records.
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Morphology, genetic characterization and phylogeny of Aplectana dayaoshanensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from frogs. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2021; 96:105123. [PMID: 34688888 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cosmocercoid nematodes are common parasites in the digestive tract of amphibians. However, our knowledge of the species diversity, genetic data and molecular phylogeny of the superfamily Cosmocercoidea are far from being well understood. In the present study, large numbers of cosmocercoid nematodes were collected from the fine-spined frog Sylvirana spinulosa (Smith) (Anura: Ranidae) and the white-spotted thigh tree-frog Polypedates megacephalus (Hallowell) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in Guangxi Province, China. Integrated morphological and genetic evidence reveals these nematode specimens to be a new species of the genus Aplectana, A. dayaoshanensis n. sp. (Cosmocercoidea: Cosmocercidae). The molecular characterization of small ribosomal DNA (18S), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large ribosomal DNA (28S) of A. dayaoshanensis n. sp., together with the 28S of A. chamaeleonis (Baylis, 1929) (collected from Hyperolius kivuensis Ahl in Rwanda), were reported for the first time. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood (ML) inference based on 18S + 28S and ITS sequence data, respectively, both supported the family Cosmocercidae to be a monophyletic group and the family Kathlaniidae to be a paraphyletic group. Our phylogenetic results rejected the monophyly of the genus Aplectana. The present results contribute to the knowledge of the species diversity and genetic data of cosmocercoid nematodes, and preliminarily revealed the phylogenetic relationships of the major families and some genera in the Cosmocercoidea.
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SPINAL NEMATODIASIS IN A LINED FLAT-TAIL GECKO ( UROPLATUS LINEATUS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 52:849-852. [PMID: 34130435 DOI: 10.1638/2019-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 5-y-old female lined flat-tail gecko (Uroplatus lineatus) presented for acute onset of lethargy and paraplegia and was subsequently euthanized. Histologic examination of the spinal cord revealed a verminous myelitis comprising moderate, multifocal, necrotizing myelitis with intramedullary adult and larval nematodes. Molecular data and morphology indicate a cosmocercid nematode, most likely of the genus Raillietnema, a diverse taxon reported to parasitize reptiles, amphibians, and teleost fish. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of spinal nematodiasis in a reptile species, and the first report of spinal parasitism causing hind-limb paraplegia in a reptile.
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Chen HX, Gu XH, Ni XF, Li L. Description of a new species of Aplectana (Nematoda: Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercidae) using an integrative approach and preliminary phylogenetic study of Cosmocercidae and related taxa. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:165. [PMID: 33736693 PMCID: PMC7977297 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nematodes of the family Cosmocercidae (Ascaridomorpha: Cosmocercoidea) are mainly parasitic in the digestive tract of various amphibians and reptiles worldwide. However, our knowledge of the molecular phylogeny of the Cosmocercidae is still far from comprehensive. The phylogenetic relationships between Cosmocercidae and the other two families, Atractidae and Kathlaniidae, in the superfamily Cosmocercoidea are still under debate. Moreover, the systematic position of some genera within Cosmocercidae remains unclear. METHODS Nematodes collected from Polypedates megacephalus (Hallowell) (Anura: Rhacophoridae) were identified using morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and molecular methods [sequencing the small ribosomal DNA (18S), internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1), large ribosomal DNA (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) target regions]. Phylogenetic analyses of cosmocercoid nematodes using 18S + 28S sequence data were performed to clarify the phylogenetic relationships of the Cosmocercidae, Atractidae and Kathlaniidae in the Cosmocercoidea and the systematic position of the genus Aplectana in Cosmocercidae. RESULTS Morphological and genetic evidence supported the hypothesis that the nematode specimens collected from P. megacephalus represent a new species of Aplectana (Cosmocercoidea: Cosmocercidae). Our phylogenetic results revealed that the Cosmocercidae is a monophyletic group, but not the basal group in Cosmocercoidea as in the traditional classification. The Kathlaniidae is a paraphyletic group because the subfamily Cruziinae within Kathlaniidae (including only the genus Cruzia) formed a seperate lineage. Phylogenetic analyses also showed that the genus Aplectana has a closer relationship to the genus Cosmocerca in Cosmocercidae. CONCLUSIONS Our phylogenetic results suggested that the subfamily Cruziinae should be moved from the hitherto-defined family Kathlaniidae and elevated as a separate family, and the genus Cosmocerca is closely related to the genus Aplectana in the family Cosmocercidae. The present study provided a basic molecular phylogenetic framework for the superfamily Cosmocercoidea based on 18S + 28S sequence data for the first time to our knowledge. Moreover, a new species, A. xishuangbannaensis n. sp., was described using integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Xia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Feng Ni
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 20 East Road of 2nd South Ring, Yuhua District, 050024, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China.
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Cavalcante PHDO, da Silva MT, Pereira ADNS, Gentile R, Santos CP. Helminth diversity in Pimelodus blochii Valenciennes, 1840 (Osteichthyes: Pimelodidae) in two Amazon Rivers. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:4005-4015. [PMID: 33043417 PMCID: PMC7704492 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Structure of the helminth community and analyses of helminth population parameters of Pimelodus blochii collected in the Xapuri River in comparison with those in the Acre River were evaluated. Eight adult helminth species were found parasitizing P. blochii in the Acre River: the nematodes Orientatractis moraveci, Rondonia rondoni, Philometroides acreanensis, Cucullanus (Cucculanus) pinai pinai, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pimelodus, Rhadochona acuminata, and Brasilnema sp., and the trematode Dadaytrema oxycephala. For Xapuri’s fishes, nine helminth species were found: the nematodes O. moraveci, R. rondoni, C. (C.) pinai pinai, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rarus, P. (S.) pimelodus, R. acuminata, Brasilnema sp., and Cystidicolidae gen. sp., and the trematode D. oxycephala. Nematode and Acanthocephala larvae were also reported. Helminth abundance, prevalence, and diversity were influenced by seasonality and locality (river). The helminth parasites from Acre’s fishes formed a subset of the helminth community of the Xapuri’s. The results indicate an influence of the environmental characteristics of the rivers on the helminth community structure and diversity. This is the first study of the parasite community of P. blochii in the Xapuri River. The paretheses of (Spirocamallanus) and (S.) should not be in italics all along the text and tables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Hercílio de Oliveira Cavalcante
- Instituto Federal do Acre, Campus Rio Branco, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maralina Torres da Silva
- Instituto Federal do Acre, Campus Rio Branco, Rio Branco, AC, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rosana Gentile
- Laboratório de Biologia e Parasitologia de Mamíferos Silvestres Reservatórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Portes Santos
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4365, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil.
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Negreiros LP, Florentino AC, Pereira FB, Tavares-Dias M. Long-term temporal variation in the parasite community structure of metazoans of Pimelodus blochii (Pimelodidae), a catfish from the Brazilian Amazon. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3337-3347. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06480-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Liu B, Li Z, Zhang L. A new species of Orientatractis (Nematoda: Atractidae) from the tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth) in China. Acta Parasitol 2018; 63:814-818. [PMID: 30367757 DOI: 10.1515/ap-2018-0099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new species of nematode, Orientatractis longicaudata n. sp. is described from the intestine of Indotestudo elongata (Blyth) (Testudinidae) from Zoo of Tianjin, Tianjin, China. The new species can be easily distinguished from its congers by having longer tail, by the length of gubernaculum and left spicule, and by the numbers of caudal papillae. This is first species of Orientatractis Petter, 1966 reported in China. A key to the species of Orientatractis is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050024, P.R.China
- Botou Vocational College, 150 Guangming Street, Botou, Hebei Province 062150, P.R.China
| | - Zuozhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050024, P.R.China
| | - Luping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province 050024, P.R.China
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Community structure of metazoan parasites from Pimelodus blochii in two rivers of the Western Brazilian Amazon: same seasonal traits, but different anthropogenic impacts. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3791-3798. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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