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Eiras JC. Is it possible to eliminate or eradicate human fish-borne parasitic diseases? A sweet dream or a nightmare? CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2024; 6:100203. [PMID: 39188548 PMCID: PMC11347071 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Human fish-borne parasitic diseases may be caused by at least 111 taxa of both freshwater and marine fish parasites. It is estimated that they occur in many hundreds of millions of people all over the world, and many more are at risk, sometimes with serious consequences including the death of the host. Therefore, all efforts must be made to minimize and prevent the infection. In this paper we present an overview detailing the several types of parasites infecting humans, the reasons for the occurrence of the disease, the ways of infection, the preventive measures and difficulties encountered when combating such infections. Finally, we discuss the possibility of eliminating or eradicating fish-borne diseases. It is concluded that elimination is difficult to achieve but it is possible in some places under favourable circumstances, and that eradication will probably never be fully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge C. Eiras
- CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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A Phylogenetic Re-Evaluation of the Stenakrine Opecoelids (Trematoda, Digenea: Opecoeloidea) with Some Taxonomic Novelties. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14110949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The Opecoeloidea is a large group of xiphidiate digeneans parasitizing marine and freshwater fishes. According to the current taxonomic model, this superfamily contains only one family with numerous subfamilies. This study is devoted to the members of the Stenakrinae. Based on phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of 18S and 28S rRNA genes of stenakrine opecoelids Caudotestis dobrovolski, C. cf. dobrovolski, Hexagrammia zhukovi, Stenakron vetustum, as well as the deep-sea xiphidiate digenean Zdzitowieckitrema incognitum, which so far has had an ambiguous phylogenetic status, we erect a new opecoeloid family, the Zdzitowieckitrematidae fam. nov. The genera Holsworthotrema and Scorpidotrema are removed from the Stenakrinae to the Scorpidotrematinae subfam. nov. within the Opecoelidae. We also remove the Stenakrinae from the Opecoelidae and recognize it as a separate family within the Opecoeloidea. The Stenakridae stat. nov. is a sister taxon to a well-supported Opecoelidae. The Zdzitowieckitrematidae occupies a sister position relative to the stenakrids and the opecoelids taken together. All three families are clearly phylogenetically distinct, however convincing morphological differences are revealed only between the Zdzitowieckitrematidae and the Stenakridae and between the Opecoelidae and the Stenakridae.
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Voronova AN, Vainutis KS, Tabakaeva TV, Sapotsky MV, Kakareka NN, Volkov YG, Galkina IV, Shchelkanov MY. Molecular identification of the trematode P. ichunensis stat. n. from lungs of siberian tigers justified reappraisal of Paragonimus westermani species complex. J Parasit Dis 2022; 46:744-753. [PMID: 36091260 PMCID: PMC9458828 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-022-01481-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flukes from the genus Paragonimus Braun, 1899 are medically important foodborne trematodes predominantly occurring throughout Asian countries. Providing molecular genetic characteristics based on ITS2 and partial 28 S rDNA of the paragonimids from the Russian Far East, Northeast, South, and Southeast Asian countries, we performed a partial reappraisal of Paragonimus westermani species complex. Members of this complex are genetically distinct worms with different divergence times and explosive expansion during Miocene-Pliocene epochs. We confirm the taxonomic status as valid species for P. ichunensis stat. n. (from the Russian Far East and Northern China), and P. filipinus (from the Philippines), which were previously considered subspecies of P. westermani, and reinstated the species name P. pulmonalis (from Japan). We suggest considering the worms from South Korea the Korean variety of P. ichunensis, because Korean specimens are sister and genetically closest to P. ichunensis from Northeast China and Primorsky region of Russia. Worms from South (India (type 2), Sri Lanka), Southeast (Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailand (types 1 and 2)) and East Asia (Taiwan) were left in the paragonimid systematics as Paragonimus sp. We propose to consider Indian worms of type 1 as true P. westermani, but in further revisions, due to the lack of holotype and unknown exact type locality, new type specimens (neotype) should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N. Voronova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1, Selskaya st, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Konstantin S. Vainutis
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1, Selskaya st, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Tatiana V. Tabakaeva
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1, Selskaya st, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova st., 8, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mikhail V. Sapotsky
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nadezhda N. Kakareka
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Yury G. Volkov
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Irina V. Galkina
- Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova st., 8, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu. Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1, Selskaya st, 690087 Vladivostok, Russia
- Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova st., 8, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Stoletiya Vladivostoka, 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia
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Vainutis KS, Voronova AN, Duscher GG, Shchelkanov EM, Shchelkanov MY. Origins, phylogenetic relationships and host-parasite interactions of Troglotrematoidea since the cretaceous. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 101:105274. [PMID: 35337967 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, we raise the issue concerning origins and historical relationships of the trematodes from the families Troglotrematidae and Paragonimidae using phylogenetic analysis and molecular-clock method for estimating evolutionary rates. For the first time we provided 28S rRNA gene fragment (1764 bp) for the type species Troglotrema acutum - zoonotic trematodes that cause cranial lesions (troglotremiasis) in mustelid and canid mammals of the Central Europe, Iberian Peninsula, and North-West Caucasus. Molecular genetic analysis revealed that T. acutum belongs to the monophyletic family Troglotrematidae sister with the family Paragonimidae. The family Troglotrematidae includes five genera: Nanophyetus, Troglotrema, Skrjabinophyetus, Nephrotrema, and Macroorchis; and the family Paragonimidae is monotypic including the only genus Paragonimus. We recover the superfamily Troglotrematoidea for these two families. Divergence of the common ancestor of the superfamily Troglotrematoidea (common troglotrematoid ancestor) likely occurred during the Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic Era and potentially originated in the Asiatic region. The lineage of the family Troglotrematidae is much closer to the common troglotrematoid ancestor than the species of the family Paragonimidae. The radiation time of the common troglotrematoid ancestor (126 Ma, the Early Cretaceous), and formation of the families Troglotrematidae and Paragonimidae (96 Ma and 73 Ma respectively, the Late Cretaceous) corresponds to the time of settling in East Asia by many species of mammaliaforms (about 130-70 Ma).
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin S Vainutis
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1 Selskaya Street, 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Anastasia N Voronova
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1 Selskaya Street, 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Georg G Duscher
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria; AGES-Austrian Agency for Health & Food Safety, Robert-Koch-Gasse 17, A-2340 Moedling, Austria.
| | - Egor M Shchelkanov
- Moscow Region State University, Moscow Region, Radio street, 10/1, Moscow 105005, Russia
| | - Mikhail Yu Shchelkanov
- G.P. Somov Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, 1 Selskaya Street, 690087 Vladivostok, Russian Federation; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia; Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the RAS, pr. 100-letija, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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Mathison BA, Sapp SGH. An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae. Zookeys 2021; 1069:1-313. [PMID: 34819766 PMCID: PMC8595220 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1069.67403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of "parasites" in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine A. Mathison
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, USAInstitute for Clinical and Experimental PathologySalt Lake CityUnited States of America
| | - Sarah G. H. Sapp
- Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USACenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaUnited States of America
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Voronova AN, Besprozvannykh VV, Ngo HD, Plekhova NG, Hung NM, Tatonova YV. Paragonimus heterotremus Chen et Hsia, 1964 (Digenea: Paragonimidae): species identification based on the biological and genetic criteria, and pathology of infection. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:4073-4088. [PMID: 33068148 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06929-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As a result of the experimental infection of rats with metacercariae of Paragonimus heterotremus Chen et Hsia, 1964 from crabs (Potamiscus tannanti) caught in Yen Bai province, Vietnam, it was found that worms migrated into the lungs, to the liver and less frequently to the tissue that lines body cavities of the hosts, where they reached the adult stage, but in the muscles, worms stayed at the larval stage. Studies have shown that for P. heterotremus, rats can simultaneously play the role of the final and paratenic host; herewith, an infection with the trematode of this species can lead to the development of three forms of paragonimiasis: pulmonary, hepatic and muscular. Eggs from the adult worms localised in the liver, unlike eggs from the adult worms localised in the lungs, were not excreted into the external environment, but accumulated inside the organ. Histology and description of changes, which take place on the external surface of organs affected with P. heterotremus, are given in this study. Based on the behavioural characteristics of worms during rat infection and molecular genetic data, we established that worms from Vietnam and India should be assigned to different species of Paragonimus. P. heterotremus distribution is limited to the territory of the Southeast China, Northern Vietnam, Laos and Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia N Voronova
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
| | - Vladimir V Besprozvannykh
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Ha Duy Ngo
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Natalia G Plekhova
- Pacific State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Nguyen Manh Hung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yulia V Tatonova
- Federal Scientific Centre of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
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Doanh PN, Van Hien H, Thi Dung B. Molecular identification of morphologically similar microcercous cercariae of two trematode families, Paragonimidae and Troglotrematidae, concurrently found in the same snail species of the subfamily Triculinae. Folia Parasitol (Praha) 2020; 67. [PMID: 32350155 DOI: 10.14411/fp.2020.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microcercous cercariae possess a very short tail and are produced by digenean species of several families including medically important species, such as members of the genera Paragonimus Braun, 1899, Nanophyetus Chapin, 1927 and Troglotrema Odhner, 1914. During our survey of cercariae of Paragonimus spp. in Vietnam, we found microcercous cercariae from ten (0.29%) out of 3,400 snails of Triculinae gen. sp. 2. They were morphologically and molecularly analysed for species identification. The molecular analysis, based on ITS2 sequences, revealed two distinct species: four specimens were identical to Paragonimus proliferus Hsia et Chen, 1964 (Paragonimidae Dollfus, 1939), and the other six specimens were closest to members of the family Troglotrematidae Odhner, 1914 and were temporarily named Troglotrematidae gen. sp. Morphologically, cercariae of the two species found in this study are similar to each other in their gross characteristics but can be distinguished from one another by subtle morphological details. The cercaria of P. proliferus has an I-shaped excretory bladder and does not have mucous gland cells. In contrast, that of Troglotrematidae gen. sp. has a Y-shaped excretory bladder and mucous gland cells. Besides, the redia of P. proliferus is elongate with a short intestine and contains 5-6 cercariae whereas that of Troglotrematidae gen. sp. is more round with a longer intestine and harbours 3-4 cercariae. Our results have shown the importance of the shape of the excretory bladder and the presence/absence of mucous gland cells of the cercaria as well as the shape and size of the redia, and its intestinal length as valuable taxonomic characters of intramolluscan trematode larvae. In addition, the finding of similar microcercous cercariae of different species in the same snail species suggests that careful attention to morphological details is required in the differentiation of Paragonimus cercariae and those of closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Ngoc Doanh
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology.,Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Hoang Van Hien
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
| | - Bui Thi Dung
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
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Voronova AN, Chelomina GN. The SSU rRNA secondary structures of the Plagiorchiida species (Digenea), its applications in systematics and evolutionary inferences. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 78:104042. [PMID: 31770596 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) is widely used phylogenetic marker in broad groups of organisms and its secondary structure increasingly attracts the attention of researchers as supplementary tool in sequence alignment and advanced phylogenetic studies. Its comparative analysis provides a great contribution to evolutionary biology, allowing find out how the SSU rRNA secondary structure originated, developed and evolved. Herein, we provide the first data on the putative SSU rRNA secondary structures of the Plagiorchiida species. The structures were found to be quite conserved across broad range of species studied, well compatible with those of others eukaryotic SSU rRNA and possessed some peculiarities: cross-shaped structure of the ES6b, additional shortened ES6c2 helix, and elongated ES6a helix and h39 + ES9 region. The secondary structures of variable regions ES3 and ES7 appeared to be tissue-specific while ES6 and ES9 were specific at a family level allowing considering them as promising markers for digenean systematics. Their uniqueness more depends on the length than on the nucleotide diversity of primary sequences which evolutionary rates well differ. The findings have important implications for understanding rRNA evolution, developing molecular taxonomy and systematics of Plagiorchiida as well as for constructing new anthelmintic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Voronova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, 7 Russia, 100-letiya Street, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - G N Chelomina
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity FEB RAS, 7 Russia, 100-letiya Street, 159, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
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