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Guan K, Xu J, Gu X, He R, Xie Y, Jing B, Peng X, Yang G. Artificial Infestation of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) in Rabbits Exhibits Progressive Pathological Changes, Apoptosis, and Keratinization in the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032187. [PMID: 36768507 PMCID: PMC9917239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcoptes scabiei (S. scabiei) is an ectoparasite that can infest humans and 150 mammalian host species, primarily causing pruritus, crust, and alopecia. However, neither the pathological process of host skin under S. scabiei infection nor the mechanism of S. scabiei infection in regulating apoptosis and keratinization of host skin has been studied yet. In this study, a total of 56 rabbits were artificially infested with S. scabiei, and the skin samples were collected at seven different time points, including 6 h, 12 h, day 1, day 3, 1 week, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks, whereas a group of eight rabbits served as controls. We measured epidermal thickness by H&E staining, observed the skin ultrastructure by electron microscopy, and detected the degree of skin apoptosis by TUNEL staining. The level of transcription of genes related to apoptosis and keratinization was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and the level of Bcl-2 protein expression was further detected using immunohistochemistry. Our results showed that, with increased infestation time, the epidermal layer of the rabbit skin exhibited significant thickening and keratinization, swollen mitochondria in the epidermal cells, and increased skin apoptosis. The level of caspase-1, 3, 8, 10, 14, and Bcl-2 mRNA expression was increased, whereas the level of keratin 1 and 5 was decreased after S. scabiei infestation. In conclusion, S. scabiei infestation causes thickening of the epidermis, which may be related to apoptosis-induced proliferation and skin keratinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Guan
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Correspondence: (J.X.); (G.Y.)
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Shen N, Chen Y, Wei W, Xiong L, Tao Y, Xiao J, Liu S, He X, Du X, Gu X, Xie Y, Xu J, Peng X, Yang G. Comparative analysis of the allergenic characteristics and serodiagnostic potential of recombinant chitinase-like protein-5 and -12 from Sarcoptes scabiei. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:148. [PMID: 33750446 PMCID: PMC7941879 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Scabies is caused by burrowing of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei into the stratum corneum. Currently, diagnosis via routine skin scraping is very difficult, and information on the allergenic identification of S. scabiei remains limited. Methods We performed comparative analysis of the serological diagnostic potential of recombinant S. scabiei chitinase-like protein-5 (rSsCLP5) and recombinant S. scabiei chitinase-like protein-12 (rSsCLP12) by measuring the levels of serum-specific IgG and IgE antibodies (Abs) as diagnostic markers. In addition, the allergenic characteristics of rSsCLP5 and rSsCLP12 were evaluated using IgE-binding experiments and skin tests. Results The IgE Abs-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods showed high sensitivity and specificity: the rSsCLP5-based assay had 93.5% sensitivity and 94.4% specificity; the rSsCLP12-based assay had 100% sensitivity and 98.1% specificity. The specific IgE Abs in infested mouse sera could bind rSsCLP5 and rSsCLP12. In skin tests, rabbits in the rSsCLP5 and rSsCLP12 groups and positive control (histamine) groups exhibited allergic reactions. Most test sites in the rSsCLP12 group had edema, bleeding spots, and even ulcers or scabs, but such allergy symptoms were rare in the rSsCLP5 group. Moreover, the allergic history rabbit group had more severe allergic reactions and lower levels of IgE Abs compared to the healthy rabbit group in the same protein group. Conclusions These findings validate the use of IgE Abs to rSsCLP5 and rSsCLP12 as potentially useful markers for diagnosing scabies. Moreover, both rSsCLP5 and rSsCLP12 have allergenic properties, and the potential allergen rSsCLP12 is a stronger allergen than rSsCLP5.
![]() Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04654-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuhang Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenrui Wei
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lang Xiong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaodi Du
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Song H, He X, Du X, Hua R, Xu J, He R, Xie Y, Gu X, Peng X, Yang G. Molecular characterization and expression analysis of annexin B3 and B38 as secretory proteins in Echinococcus granulosus. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:103. [PMID: 33557917 PMCID: PMC7869467 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04596-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonotic disease, which poses a threat to public health and animal husbandry, and causes significant economic losses. Annexins are a family of phospholipid-binding proteins with calcium ion-binding activity, which have many functions. Methods Two annexin protein family genes [Echinococcus granulosus annexin B3 (EgAnxB3) and EgAnxB38] were cloned and molecularly characterized using bioinformatic analysis. The immunoreactivity of recombinant EgAnxB3 (rEgAnxB3) and rEgAnxB38 was investigated using western blotting. The distribution of EgAnxB3 and EgAnxB38 in protoscoleces (PSCs), the germinal layer, 18-day strobilated worms and 45-day adult worms was analyzed by immunofluorescence localization, and their secretory characteristics were analyzed preliminarily; in addition, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze their transcript levels in PSCs and 28-day strobilated worms stages. The phospholipid-binding activities of rEgAnxB3 and rEgAnxB38 were also analyzed. Results EgAnxB3 and EgAnxB38 are conserved and contain calcium-binding sites. Both rEgAnxB3 and rEgAnxB38 could be specifically recognized by the serum samples from E. granulosus-infected sheep, indicating that they had strong immunoreactivity. EgAnxB3 and EgAnxB38 were distributed in all stages of E. granulosus, and their transcript levels were high in the 28-day strobilated worms. They were found in liver tissues near the cysts. In addition, rEgAnxB3 has Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding properties. Conclusions EgAnxB3 and EgAnxB38 contain calcium-binding sites, and rEgAnxB3 has Ca2+-dependent phospholipid-binding properties. EgAnxB3 and EgAnxB38 were transcribed in PSCs and 28-day strobilated worms. They were expressed in all stages of E. granulosus, and distributed in the liver tissues near the hydatid cyst, indicating that they are secreted proteins that play a crucial role in the development of E. granulosus. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xue He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xiaodi Du
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, China.
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He R, Gu XB, Xie Y, Peng XR, Angel C, Yang GY. Transcriptome-based analysis of putative allergens of Chorioptes texanus. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:587. [PMID: 31842981 PMCID: PMC6916059 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3843-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mites of the genus Chorioptes are non-burrowing and cause mange in a wide range of domestic and wild animals including cattle, horses, sheep, goats, panda, moose, camelids, mydaus and alpacas. Molecular biology and host-parasite interactions of Chorioptes texanus are poorly understood, and only a few C. texanus genes and transcript sequences are available in public databases including the allergen genes. Methods Chorioptes texanus RNA was isolated from mites, and the transcriptome of C. texanus was analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Chorioptes texanus unigenes were compared with the allergen protein sequences from the mite allergen database website to predict the potential allergens. Chorioptes texanus putative allergen unigenes were compared with hydrolase genes by building a C. texanus hydrolase gene library with the best match of the homologous sequences. Three allergen genes were cloned and expressed, their recombinant proteins were purified and their allergenic activities were preliminarily investigated. Results Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) of C. texanus was analyzed and results demonstrated that 33,138 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 751 bp. A total of 15,130 unigenes were annotated and 5598 unigenes were enriched in 262 KEGG signaling pathways. We obtained 209 putative allergen genes and 34 putative allergen-hydrolase genes. Three recombinant allergen proteins were observed to induce different degrees of allergic reactions on rabbit skin. Conclusions The present transcriptome data provide a useful basis for understanding the host-parasite interaction and molecular biology of the C. texanus mite. The allergenic activities of recombinant Euroglyphus maynei 1-like (Eur m 1-like) protein, Dermatophagoides ptreronyssinus 1-like (Der p 1-like) protein and Dermatophagoides ptreronyssinus 7-like (Der p 7-like) protein were preliminarily investigated by intradermal skin test. Meanwhile, differences in eosinophil counts were observed in different injected sites of the skin. The identification of putative allergen genes and hydrolase genes offers opportunities for the development of new diagnostic, prevention and treatment methods.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xue-Rong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Christiana Angel
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sindh, 67210, Pakistan
| | - Guang-You Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Wei W, Ren Y, Shen N, Song H, Xu J, Hua R, Zhang H, Angel C, Gu X, Kuang L, Xie Y, Peng X, Xie X, Yang G. Comparative analysis of host resistance to Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi in two different rabbit breeds. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:530. [PMID: 31703721 PMCID: PMC6842134 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies, caused by infestation of the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is one of the most severe ectoparasitic diseases in rabbits. Scabies seriously affects the commercial rabbit breeding, causing severe economic losses. Host resistance to S. scabiei is an important factor in further development of the rabbit industry. In the present study, we compared the host resistance to S. scabiei var. cuniculi of a new breed of domestic rabbit propagated by the Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy (QiXing rabbit, QX) compared with that of a traditional rabbit breed in the domestic rabbit industry (IRA rabbit, IRA). METHODS Both QX and IRA rabbits were experimentally infested with live S. scabiei var. cuniculi mites for 48 h. Then, during the course of four-week experimental infestation period, the body weight of rabbits was recorded every two weeks for calculating body-weight variations in comparison to the non-infested control rabbits. Skin lesions in the foot area were assessed on weekly basis and serum samples were tested weekly for the estimation of changes in the total antibody levels (IgG, IgE and IgM). Moreover, DNA extracted from the blood samples was amplified for analysis of the genetic diversity in the major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ Alpha (MHC-DQA) gene. RESULTS Compared to the IRA rabbits, the QX rabbits showed a significantly higher (P < 0.05) relative body weight gain compared to the non-infested control rabbits and significantly lower (P < 0.05) scores for foot skin lesions and higher levels of IgG, IgE and IgM at weeks 1 to 4, week 2 and week 1 post-infestation, respectively. Furthermore, a polymorphism site at position 103 bp of exon two of MHC-DQA gene and a different gene frequency were found between two rabbit breeds, suggesting the genetic basis for the differential host resistance to the S. scabiei var. cuniculi between two rabbit breeds. CONCLUSIONS The QX rabbits showed higher host resistance to S. scabiei var. cuniculi compared to the IRA rabbits at the clinical, immunological and genetic levels. These results provide a reference for the breeding of rabbits with adequately improved and sustained host resistance to scabies in the domestic rabbit industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Wei
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy, Chengdu, 610066 Sichuan China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066 Sichuan China
| | - Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
| | - Hongyu Song
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
| | - Ruiqi Hua
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
| | - Christiana Angel
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, 67210 Sindh Pakistan
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
| | - Liangde Kuang
- Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy, Chengdu, 610066 Sichuan China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066 Sichuan China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy, Chengdu, 610066 Sichuan China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 610066 Sichuan China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130 China
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Molecular Characterization of a Dirofilaria immitis Cysteine Protease Inhibitor (Cystatin) and Its Possible Role in Filarial Immune Evasion. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10040300. [PMID: 31013806 PMCID: PMC6523577 DOI: 10.3390/genes10040300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection with canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis), spread via mosquito vectors, causes coughing, asthma, pneumonia, and bronchitis in humans and other animals. The disease is especially severe and often fatal in dogs and represents a serious threat to public health worldwide. Cysteine protease inhibitors (CPIs), also known as cystatins, are major immunomodulators of the host immune response during nematode infections. Herein, we cloned and expressed the cystatin Di-CPI from D. immitis. Sequence analysis revealed two specific cystatin-like domains, a Q-x-V-x-G motif, and a SND motif. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Di-CPI is a member of the second subgroup of nematode type II cystatins. Probing of D. immitis total proteins with anti-rDi-CPI polyclonal antibody revealed a weak signal, and immunofluorescence-based histochemical analysis showed that native Di-CPI is mainly localized in the cuticle of male and female worms and the gut of male worms. Treatment of canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) with recombinant Di-CPI induced a Th2-type immune response characterized by high expression of the anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10. Proliferation assays showed that Di-CPI inhibits the proliferation of canine PMBCs by 15%. Together, the results indicate that Di-CPI might be related to cellular hyporesponsiveness in dirofilariasis and may help D. immitis to evade the host immune system.
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Xu J, Huang X, Dong X, Ren Y, Wu M, Shen N, Xie Y, Gu X, Lai W, Jing B, Peng X, Yang G. Serodiagnostic Potential of Alpha-Enolase From Sarcoptes scabiei and Its Possible Role in Host-Mite Interactions. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1024. [PMID: 29887838 PMCID: PMC5981165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infestation of the epidermis with the highly contagious ectoparasite, Sarcoptes scabiei, causes scabies, which is characterized by intense itching, pruritus, and secondary infection. This condition affects humans, livestock, and wildlife worldwide, incurring large economic losses and reducing the quality of human life. In the present study, we cloned the alpha-enolase, a key enzyme in the glycolytic and gluconeogenesis pathways, from S. scabiei var. cuniculi, characterized it and produced soluble recombinant enolase protein (rSsc-eno). We determined the localization of Ssc-eno in isolated mites and mites in lesioned skin. The results showed that native enolase was intensely localized in the tegument of the mouthparts, the entire legs, and the whole mites' body, as well as in the gut and reproduction system. Interestingly, we found that native enolase was widely distributed in mites in lesioned skin, with obvious high protein intensity compared with isolated mites. Building on good immunoreactivity, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on rSsc-eno showed 92% sensitivity and 95.8% specificity, compared with other indirect ELISA in this study, rSsc-eno based ELISA is better in detecting scabies in rabbits. Besides, this method can detect S. scabiei infection as early as 1 week post infection. Compared with other detection methods, such as traditional microscopic examination and recently published universal conventional PCR, rSsc-eno ELISA was more effective to detect early infection in rabbits. Additionally, in vitro incubation experiments demonstrated the concentration-dependent acaricidal activity of rabbit anti-rSsc-eno sera against larval mites, suggested its potential as a vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Chengdu Agricultural College, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Maodi Wu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiming Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Jing
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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