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Yıldırım A, Aksoy T, Kayalar H, Balcıoğlu İC. Semen Cannabis and Oleum Hyperici: Antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. Parasitol Int 2024; 103:102950. [PMID: 39153658 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2024.102950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of alternative agents and novel drug candidates for the effective treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis has garnered significant attention, driven by the high cost, toxic effects, and the emergence of drug resistance associated with current therapeutic options. Plant extracts derived from Semen Cannabis, the seeds of the Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) plant, and Oleum Hyperici, the oily macerate of Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's Wort) plant, were prepared by using solvents of varying polarity (n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol, and 60% aqueous ethanol). The primary objective of this study was to research in vitro and ex vivo antileishmanial efficacy of Semen Cannabis and Oleum Hyperici plant extracts against Leishmania tropica promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. The efficacy of plant extracts against promastigotes were assessed using the cell counting by hemocytometer and the CellTiter-Glo assay. Additionally, their impact on infected THP-1 macrophages and the quantity of intracelluler amastigotes were investigated. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in THP-1 macrophages. Among the tested plant extracts, chloroform extract of Oleum Hyperici demonstrated significant antileishmanial activity against promastigotes (SI: 12.6) and intracellular amastigotes (SI: 16.8) of L. tropica without inducing cytotoxic effects and hold promise for further investigation as potential antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yıldırım
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Medical Faculty, Department of Parasitology, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Tülay Aksoy
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Medical Faculty, Department of Parasitology, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Hüsniye Kayalar
- University of Ege, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, İzmir, Turkey
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Diel KAP, Santana Filho PC, Pitol Silveira P, Ribeiro RL, Teixeira PC, Rodrigues Júnior LC, Marinho LC, Romão PRT, von Poser GL. Antiprotozoal potential of Vismia species (Hypericaceae), medicinal plants used to fight cutaneous leishmaniasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118028. [PMID: 38492792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Species of Vismia (Hypericaceae), known in Brazil as "lacre", are commonly used in traditional Amazonian medicine for the treatment of skin lesions, including those caused by Leishmania infection. AIM OF THE STUDY Hexane extracts from the leaves of Vismia cayennensis, V. gracilis, V. sandwithii and V. guianensis, as well as from the fruits of the latter, in addition to the anthraquinones vismiaquinone, physcion and chrysophanol isolated from these species were explored for their anti-promastigote and anti-amastigote activity on Leishmania amazonensis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Extracts were prepared by static maceration with n-hexane. The compounds, isolated by chromatographic techniques, were identified by spectroscopic methods (1H and 13C NMR). Promastigotes of L.amazonensis were incubated with hexane extracts (1-50 μg/mL) or anthraquinones (1-50 μM) and the parasite survival analyzed. The action of compounds on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and membrane integrity of promastigotes were evaluated by flow cytometer, and the cytotoxicity on mammalian cells using MTT assay. Furthermore, the activity of compounds against amastigotes and nitric oxide production were also investigated. RESULTS Vismiaquinone and physcion were obtained from the leaves of V. guianensis. Physcion, as well as chrysophanol, were isolated from V. sandwithii. Vismia cayennensis and V. gracilis also showed vismiaquinone, compound detected in lower quantity in the fruits of V. guianensis. All extracts were active against the parasite, corroborating the popular use. The greatest activity against promastigotes was achieved with V. guianensis extract (IC50 4.3 μg/mL), precisely the most used Vismia species for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis. Vismiaquinone and physcion exhibited relevant activity with IC50 12.6 and 2.6 μM, respectively. Moreover, all extracts and anthraquinones tested induced ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption and were able to kill intracellular amastigote forms, being worthy of further in vivo studies as potential antileishmanial drugs. CONCLUSIONS The overall data achieved in the current investigation scientifically validate the traditional use of Vismia species, mainly V. guianensis, as an anti-Leishmania agent. Furthermore, the promising results presented here indicate species of Vismia as potentially useful resources of Brazilian flora for the discovery of therapeutic solutions for neglected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kriptsan Abdon Poletto Diel
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santana, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar Santana Filho
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Centro Histórico, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pablo Pitol Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santana, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Laura Ribeiro
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Centro Histórico, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paula Coelho Teixeira
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Centro Histórico, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Centro Histórico, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Lucas C Marinho
- Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Departamento de Biologia, Avenida dos Portugueses 1966, Bacanga, 65080-805, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Rua Sarmento Leite 245, Centro Histórico, 90050-170, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Gilsane Lino von Poser
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Avenida Ipiranga 2752, Santana, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Ramos-Milaré ÁCFH, Sydor BG, Brustolin AÁ, Lera-Nonose DSSL, Oyama J, Silva EL, Caetano W, Campanholi KSS, Demarchi IG, Silveira TGV, Lonardoni MVC. In vitro effects of lapachol and β-lapachone against Leishmania amazonensis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2023; 56:e12693. [PMID: 37255095 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2023e12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and special attention should be given to treatment because the available drugs have limitations, which can lead to low therapeutic adherence and parasitic resistance. This study evaluated the activity of the bioactive naphthoquinones, lapachol and β-lapachone, against Leishmania amazonensis. The cell alterations were evaluated in vitro on promastigote and amastigote forms. The lethal dose (LD50) at 24, 48, and 72 h on the promastigote's forms using lapachol was 75.60, 72.82, and 58.85 μg/mL and for β-lapachone was 0.65, 1.24, and 0.71 μg/mL, respectively. The naphthoquinones significantly inhibited the survival rate of L. amazonensis amastigotes at 83.11, 57.59, and 34.95% for lapachol (82.28, 41.14, and 20.57 µg/mL), and 78.49, 83.25, and 80.22% for β-lapachone (3.26, 1.63, and 0.815 µg/mL). The compounds on the promastigote's forms led to the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, induced changes in the integrity of the membrane, caused damage to cells suggestive of the apoptotic process, and showed inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 production. The results showed that these naphthoquinones are promising candidates for research on new drugs with anti-Leishmania activity derived from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Á C F H Ramos-Milaré
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - B G Sydor
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - A Á Brustolin
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - D S S L Lera-Nonose
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - J Oyama
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociências e Fisiopatologia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - E L Silva
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - W Caetano
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - K S S Campanholi
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - I G Demarchi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - T G V Silveira
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | - M V C Lonardoni
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Santana Filho PC, Brasil da Silva M, Malaquias da Silva BN, Fazolo T, Dorneles GP, Braun de Azeredo J, Alf da Rosa M, Rodrigues Júnior LC, Peres A, Santos Canto RF, Torres Romão PR. Seleno-indoles trigger reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction in Leishmania amazonensis. Tetrahedron 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Baldissera FG, Fazolo T, da Silva MB, de Santana Filho PC, da Silva VD, Rivillo Perez DM, Klitzke JS, de Oliveira Soares EG, Rodrigues Júnior LC, Peres A, Dallegrave E, Navegantes-Lima KC, Monteiro MC, Schrekker HS, Torres Romão PR. Imidazolium salts as an alternative for anti-Leishmania drugs: Oxidative and immunomodulatory activities. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1096312. [PMID: 36733394 PMCID: PMC9886892 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1096312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we explored the previously established leishmanicidal activity of a complementary set of 24 imidazolium salts (IS), 1-hexadecylimidazole (C16Im) and 1-hexadecylpyridinium chloride (C16PyrCl) against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis and Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi. Promastigotes of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi were incubated with 0.1 to 100 μM of the compounds and eight of them demonstrated leishmanicidal activity after 48 h - C10MImMeS (IC50 L. amazonensis = 11.6), C16MImPF6(IC50 L. amazonensis = 6.9), C16MImBr (IC50 L. amazonensis = 6), C16M2ImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 4.1), C16M4ImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 1.8), (C10)2MImCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 1.9), C16Im (IC50 L. amazonensis = 14.6), and C16PyrCl (IC50 L. amazonensis = 4).The effect of IS on reactive oxygen species production, mitochondrial membrane potential, membrane integrity and morphological alterations of promastigotes was determined, as well as on L. amazonensis-infected macrophages. Their cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes was also evaluated. The IS C10MImMeS, C16MImPF6, C16MImBr, C16M2ImCl, C16M4ImCl and (C10)2MImCl, and the compounds C16Im and C16PyrCl killed and inhibited the growth of promastigote forms of L. amazonensis and L. infantum chagasi in a concentration-dependent manner, contributing to a better understanding of the structure-activity relationship of IS against Leishmania. These IS induced ROS production, mitochondrial dysfunction, membrane disruption and morphological alterations in infective forms of L. amazonensis and killed intracellular amastigote forms in very low concentrations (IC50 amastigotes ≤ 0.3), being potential drug candidates against L. amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Giesel Baldissera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fazolo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Brasil da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cesar de Santana Filho
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Demétrio da Silva
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David Max Rivillo Perez
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Joice Sandra Klitzke
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Giovanni de Oliveira Soares
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Rodrigues Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kely Campos Navegantes-Lima
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marta Chagas Monteiro
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,*Correspondence: Henri Stephan Schrekker, ; Marta Chagas Monteiro,
| | - Henri Stephan Schrekker
- Laboratory of Technological Processes and Catalysis, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,*Correspondence: Henri Stephan Schrekker, ; Marta Chagas Monteiro,
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate Program in Neuroscience and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Silva-Silva JV, Moreira RF, Watanabe LA, de Souza CDSF, Hardoim DDJ, Taniwaki NN, Bertho AL, Teixeira KF, Cenci AR, Doring TH, Júnior JWDC, de Oliveira AS, Marinho PSB, Calabrese KDS, Marinho AMDR, Almeida-Souza F. Monomethylsulochrin isolated from biomass extract of Aspergillus sp. against Leishmania amazonensis: In vitro biological evaluation and molecular docking. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:974910. [PMID: 36093206 PMCID: PMC9452909 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.974910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis represents a serious world health problem, with 1 billion people being exposed to infection and a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations with a potentially fatal outcome. Based on the limitations observed in the treatment of leishmaniasis, such as high cost, significant adverse effects, and the potential for drug resistance, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of the compounds pseurotin A and monomethylsulochrin isolated from the biomass extract of Aspergillus sp. The chromatographic profiles of the extract were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode-array UV-Vis detector (HPLC-DAD-UV), and the molecular identification of the pseurotin A and monomethylsulochrin were carried out by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in tandem (LC-ESI-MS-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Antileishmanial activity was assayed against promastigote and intracellular amastigote of Leishmania amazonensis. As a control, cytotoxicity assays were performed in non-infected BALB/c peritoneal macrophages. Ultrastructural alterations in parasites were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Changes in mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by flow cytometry. Only monomethylsulochrin inhibited the promastigote growth (IC50 18.04 ± 1.11 µM), with cytotoxicity to peritoneal macrophages (CC50 5.09 91.63 ± 1.28 µM). Activity against intracellular amastigote forms (IC50 5.09 ± 1.06 µM) revealed an increase in antileishmanial activity when compared with promastigotes. In addition to a statistically significant reduction in the evaluated infection parameters, monomethylsulochrin altered the ultrastructure of the promastigote forms with atypical vacuoles, electron-dense corpuscles in the cytoplasm, changes at the mitochondria outer membrane and abnormal disposition around the kinetoplast. It was showed that monomethylsulochrin leads to a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (25.9%, p = 0.0286). Molecular modeling studies revealed that monomethylsulochrin can act as inhibitor of sterol 14-alpha-demethylase (CYP51), a therapeutic target for human trypanosomiasis and leishmaniasis. Assessed for its drug likeness, monomethylsulochrin follows the Lipinski Rule of five and Ghose, Veber, Egan, and Muegge criteria. Furthermore, monomethylsulochrin can be used as a reference in the development of novel and therapeutically useful antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Victor Silva-Silva
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Physics of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Daiana de Jesus Hardoim
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Alvaro Luiz Bertho
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunoparasitology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Kerolain Faoro Teixeira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Arthur Ribeiro Cenci
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Doring
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - José Wilmo da Cruz Júnior
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Aldo Sena de Oliveira
- Department of Exact Sciences and Education, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | | | - Kátia da Silva Calabrese
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kátia da Silva Calabrese, ; Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho,
| | - Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho
- Post-graduate Program in Chemistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Kátia da Silva Calabrese, ; Andrey Moacir do Rosario Marinho,
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Post-Graduate in Animal Sciences, State University of Maranhão, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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Sharma L, Dhiman M, Singh A, Sharma MM. Green Approach: ''A Forwarding Step for Curing Leishmaniasis-A Neglected Tropical Disease''. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:655584. [PMID: 34124148 PMCID: PMC8193676 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.655584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review focuses on a dreaded vector-mediated leishmaniasis, with the existing therapeutic approaches including a variety of drugs along with their limitations, the treatment with natural compounds, and different types of metal/metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). As evidenced, various metallic NPs, comprising silver, silver oxide, gold, zinc oxide, titanium, lead oxide, etc., played a curative role to treat leishmaniasis, are also presented. Keeping in view the advance success of vaccines against the prevalent dreaded diseases in the past and the present scenario, efforts are also being made to develop vaccines based on these NP formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshika Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Mamta Dhiman
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Abhijeet Singh
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - M M Sharma
- Department of Biosciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
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Machado PDA, Gomes PS, Midlej V, Coimbra ES, de Matos Guedes HL. PF-429242, a Subtilisin Inhibitor, Is Effective in vitro Against Leishmania infantum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:583834. [PMID: 33584607 PMCID: PMC7876069 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.583834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PF-429242 is an inhibitor of subtilisin, an important protease found in Leishmania. However, studies regarding the effect of PF-429242 on Leishmania are scarce. In this work we evaluated the antileishmanial effect of PF-429242 against Leishmania infantum and the mechanism involved in the death of the parasite. PF-429242 had low toxicity against mammalian cells (peritoneal macrophages) (CC50 = 189.07 μM) and presented activity against L. infantum promastigotes (IC50 = 2.78 μM) and intracellular amastigotes (IC50 = 14.07 μM), indicating selectivity toward the parasite. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as staining of L. infantum promastigotes with MitoTracker® Red, rhodamine 123 and MitoSOX, revealed that the mitochondria was a potential target of PF-429242. In addition, PF-429242 caused an accumulation of neutral lipids in promastigotes, which was demonstrated by Nile Red staining and TEM, and induced oxidative stress (H2DCFDA staining). Furthermore the formation of autophagic vacuoles in L. infantum promastigotes was observed by MDC staining and TEM. However, the killing induced by PF-429242 in L. infantum promastigotes appeared to be unrelated to apoptosis and/or necrosis as there was no phosphatidylserine externalization, DNA fragmentation or alterations in the permeability of the parasite plasma membrane, as assessed by annexin V-FITC, TUNEL and propidium iodide staining, respectively. The morphological and ultrastructural evaluation of the promastigotes by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TEM, revealed the presence of parasites with flagellar defects. TEM analysis of the intracellular amastigotes indicated that mitochondrial damage and autophagy could also be involved in the death of these forms after treatment with PF-429242. In addition, PF-429242 treatment stimulated NO production from infected macrophage, but only at a high concentration (100 μM), as well as an increase of TNF levels after treatment with 10 μM of PF-429242. The compound did not stimulate ROS or IL-10 production. Together, these data highlight the antileishmanial potential of PF-429242, inducing several cellular alterations in the parasite, such as mitochondrial damage, neutral lipids accumulation, oxidative stress and autophagy which culminate in the death of L. infantum, as well as modulating host cellular responses that favor the development of an immune response against the parasite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia de Almeida Machado
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Núcleo de Pesquisa em Parasitologia (NUPEP), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Pollyanna Stephanie Gomes
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Midlej
- Laboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elaine Soares Coimbra
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Parasitologia (NUPEP), Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Herbert Leonel de Matos Guedes
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,UFRJ Campus Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, Brazil.,Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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9
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de Figueiredo Peloso E, Merli RJ, Espuri PF, Nunes JB, Colombo FA, Sierra EJT, de Paulo DC, Dos Santos MH, Carvalho DT, Marques MJ. Investigation of 8-methoxy-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-6-propyl-2H-chromen-2-one as a promising coumarin compound for the development of a new and orally effective antileishmanial agent. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8465-8474. [PMID: 33021720 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in host immunity and parasite resistance to drugs are among the factors that contribute to decreased efficacy of antiparasitic drugs such as the antimonial compounds pentamidine, amphotericin (AMP B) and miltefosine. Bioactive natural products could be alternatives for the development of new drugs to treat neglected human diseases such as leishmaniasis. Natural coumarins and synthetic analogues have shown leishmanicidal activity, mainly in vitro. This study investigated the in vitro and in vivo leishmanicidal activity of synthetic coumarin compounds (C1-C5) in parasites Leishmania (L.) amazonensis and L. (L.) infantum chagasi. The cytotoxicity of these compounds in mammalian cells and their influence on production of reactive oxygen species was also investigated. In vitro assays showed that 8-methoxy-3-(4-nitrobenzoyl)-6-propyl-2H-chromen-2-one (C4) was as active as AMP B mainly in the amastigote form (p < 0.05); C4 presented a selectivity index (65.43) four times higher than C2 (15.4) in L. amazonensis and six times higher (33.94) than C1 (5.46) in L. infantum chagasi. Additionally, coumarin C4 reduced the H2O2 concentration 32.5% more than the control group in L. amazonensis promastigotes during the lag phase of proliferation. No interference of C4 was observed on the mitochondrial membrane potential of the parasites. In vivo, coumarin C4 in corn oil (oral route) led to a reduction in the number of amastigotes from L. infantum chagasi to 1.31 × 106 and 4.09 × 104 in the spleen and liver, respectively (p < 0.05). Thus, C4 represents a candidate for further studies aiming at new treatments of leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo de Figueiredo Peloso
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG, CEP 37130-001, Brazil.
| | - Rafaella Junqueira Merli
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG, CEP 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Ferreira Espuri
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG, CEP 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Juliana Barbosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Pathology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Medical School, São Paulo University, Sao Paulo, SP, CEP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Fábio Antônio Colombo
- Laboratory of Clinical Parasitology, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Elkin José Torres Sierra
- Laboratory of Research in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniela Carvalho de Paulo
- Laboratory of Research in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Diogo Teixeira Carvalho
- Laboratory of Research in Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Alfenas, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos José Marques
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva St, Alfenas, MG, CEP 37130-001, Brazil.
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10
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Cezarotto CS, Dorneles A, Baldissera FG, da Silva MB, Markoski MM, Júnior LCR, Peres A, Fazolo T, Bordignon SAL, Apel MA, Romão PRT, von Poser GL. Leishmanicidal and antichemotactic activities of icetexanes from Salvia uliginosa Benth. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152748. [PMID: 31005722 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several species of Salvia are used as medicinal plants around the world. Biological activities of isolated compounds have been described, being diterpenes frequently responsible for the effects. PURPOSE Isolation of diterpenes from Salvia uliginosa Benth. and evaluation of the antichemotactic and leishmanicidal activities of the isolated compounds. STUDY DESIGN To isolate diterpenes from S. uliginosa and evaluate their antichemotactic and leishmanicidal activities in vitro. METHODS The exudate of S. uliginosa was obtained by rapidly dipping the aerial parts in dichloromethane. The compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography over silica gel. The effects on L. amazonensis growth, survival, DNA degradation, ROS generation, as well as the antichemotactic activity and cytotoxicity of the compounds towards human erythrocytes and macrophages were evaluated. RESULTS A novel icetexane diterpene, isoicetexone (IsoICT) along with the known diterpenes icetexone (ICT), and 7-acetoxy-6,7-dihydroicetexone were isolated from the dichloromethane surface exudate of S. uliginosa. The structures were elucidated using NMR and MS experiments, and by comparison with previously reported data. IsoICT and ICT at low concentrations caused completely inhibition of neutrophils migration in vitro. In addition, IsoICT and ICT showed high leishmanicidal activity against L. amazonensis, induced ROS production in parasites and presented low cytotoxicity against macrophages and human erythrocytes, and moderate to high selectivity index. CONCLUSION These data indicated that IsoICT and ICT exhibit potent antichemotactic and leishmanicidal effects. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the in vivo activities as well as the toxicity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroll Schneider Cezarotto
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ariane Dorneles
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Giesel Baldissera
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Brasil da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Melissa M Markoski
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Rodrigues Júnior
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fazolo
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sérgio A L Bordignon
- Postgraduate Program of Environmental Impact Assessment, Unilasalle University, Canoas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Miriam Anders Apel
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Gilsane Lino von Poser
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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11
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da Silva Cardoso V, Vermelho AB, Ricci Junior E, Almeida Rodrigues I, Mazotto AM, Supuran CT. Antileishmanial activity of sulphonamide nanoemulsions targeting the β-carbonic anhydrase from Leishmania species. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:850-857. [PMID: 29708476 PMCID: PMC6010131 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1463221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) from Leishmania spp. (LdcCA) is effectively inhibited by aromatic/heterocyclic sulphonamides, in the low nanomolar range, but no in vitro antileishmanial activity was detected for such compounds. We formulated some of these sulphonamides as nanoemulsions (NEs) in clove oil, and tested them in vitro against Leishmania infantum MHOM/BR/1974/PP75 and Leishmania amazonensis IFLA/BR/1967/PH8 strains. Interesting inhibitory concentrations IC50 were observed for some of the sulphonamides NEs, with IC50 as low as 3.90 µM (NE-3F) and 2.24 µM (NE-5B) for L. amazonensis and 3.47 µM (NE-5B) for L. infantum. Some of the investigated NEs displayed toxicity for macrophages beyond the parasites. For the same nonoemulsions, a selective index (SI) greater than for Amphotericin B. Haemolytic assay using human red blood cells indicate that the NEs were less cytotoxic than amphotericin B, a widely used antifungal agent. NEs demonstrated to be an excellent strategy for increasing the penetration of these hydrophilic drugs through membranes, with a huge increase of efficacy over the sulphonamide CA inhibitor (CAI) alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica da Silva Cardoso
- Bioinovar-Biotecnologia: Unidade de Biocatálise, Bioprodutos e Bioenergia (BIOINOVAR), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alane Beatriz Vermelho
- Bioinovar-Biotecnologia: Unidade de Biocatálise, Bioprodutos e Bioenergia (BIOINOVAR), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci Junior
- Departamento de Medicamentos, Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Almeida Rodrigues
- Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Bioprospecção de Antimicrobianos Naturais (LABAN), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Mazotto
- Bioinovar-Biotecnologia: Unidade de Biocatálise, Bioprodutos e Bioenergia (BIOINOVAR), Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Florence, Italy
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