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Pacheco BLB, Nogueira CP, Venancio EJ. IgY Antibodies from Birds: A Review on Affinity and Avidity. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3130. [PMID: 37835736 PMCID: PMC10571861 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IgY antibodies are found in the blood and yolk of eggs. Several studies show the feasibility of utilising IgY for immunotherapy and immunodiagnosis. These antibodies have been studied because they fulfil the current needs for reducing, replacing, and improving the use of animals. Affinity and avidity represent the strength of the antigen-antibody interaction and directly influence antibody action. The aim of this review was to examine the factors that influence the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies and the methodologies used to determine these variables. In birds, there are few studies on the maturation of antibody affinity and avidity, and these studies suggest that the use of an adjuvant-type of antigen, the animal lineage, the number of immunisations, and the time interfered with the affinity and avidity of IgY antibodies. Regarding the methodologies, most studies use chaotropic agents to determine the avidity index. Studies involving the solution phase and equilibrium titration reactions are also described. These results demonstrate the need for the standardisation of methodologies for the determination of affinity and avidity so that further studies can be performed to optimise the production of high avidity IgY antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Parada Nogueira
- Scientific Initiation Programme, Animal Science Course, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil;
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86038-350, Brazil
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de Souza PC, Corrêa AEDN, Gameiro JG, de Oliveira Júnior AG, Panagio LA, Venancio EJ, Almeida RS. Production of IgY against iron permease Ftr1 from Candida albicans and evaluation of its antifungal activity using Galleria mellonella as a model of systemic infection. Microb Pathog 2023:106166. [PMID: 37290729 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is one of the leading pathological agents of mucosal and deep tissue infections. Considering that the variety of antifungals is restricted and that toxicity limits their use, immunotherapies against pathogenic fungi have been viewed as alternatives with reduced adverse effects. In this context, C. albicans has a protein used to capture iron from the environment and the host, known as the high-affinity iron permease Ftr1. This protein may be a new target of action for novel antifungal therapies, as it influences the virulence of this yeast. Thus, the aim of the present study was to produce and conduct the biological characterization of IgY antibodies against C. albicans Ftr1. Immunization of laying hens with an Ftr1-derived peptide resulted in IgY antibodies extracted from egg yolks capable of binding to the antigen with high affinity (avidity index = 66.6 ± 0.3%). These antibodies reduced the growth and even eliminated C. albicans under iron restriction, a favorable condition for the expression of Ftr1. This also occurred with a mutant strain that does not produce Ftr1 in the presence of iron, a circumstance in which the protein analog of iron permease, Ftr2, is expressed. Furthermore, the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with C. albicans and treated with the antibodies was 90% higher than the control group, which did not receive treatment (p < 0.0001). Therefore, our data suggest that IgY antibodies against Ftr1 from C. albicans can inhibit yeast propagation by blocking iron uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Canteri de Souza
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alana Elke do Nascimento Corrêa
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Gutschow Gameiro
- Department of Pathology, Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Center of Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Admilton Gonçalves de Oliveira Júnior
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luciano Aparecido Panagio
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Emerson José Venancio
- Department of Pathological Sciences, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Sergio Almeida
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Science, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Pr 445, Km 380, Londrina, 86.057-970, Paraná, Brazil.
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Gu L, Liu Y, Zhang W, Li J, Chang C, Su Y, Yang Y. Novel extraction technologies and potential applications of egg yolk proteins. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 32:121-133. [PMID: 36590017 PMCID: PMC9795146 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01209-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The high nutritional value and diverse functional properties of egg yolk proteins have led to its widespread use in the fields of food, medicine, and cosmetics. Various extraction methods have been reported to obtain the proteins from egg yolk, however, their utilization is limited due to the relatively low extraction efficiency and/or toxic solvents involved. Several simpler and greener technologies, especially physical fields (ultrasound), have been successfully developed to improve the extraction efficiency. The egg yolk proteins may exert multiple biological activities, enabling them to be a promising tool in improve human health and wellbeing, such as anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-osteoporosis, diagnosis and therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infections. This article summarizes the novel extraction technologies and latest applications of the egg yolk proteins in the recent 5 years, which should stimulate their utilization as health-promoting functional ingredients in foods and other commercial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, 415400 Hunan China
| | - Yufang Liu
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Wanqiu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Junhua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Cuihua Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China
| | - Yujie Su
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, 415400 Hunan China
| | - Yanjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologySchool of Food Science and TechnologyCollaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122 China ,Hunan Engineering & Technology Research Center for Food Flavors and Flavorings, Jinshi, 415400 Hunan China
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4
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Silva GBD, Faria LSD, Lopes CA, Nunes DS, Ribeiro VS, de Sousa JEN, Paiva GCM, Gonçalves-Pires MRF, Borges IP, Santos MM, Ávila VMR, Júnior ÁF, Costa-Cruz JM. Egg yolk immunoglobulin Y as a promising tool to detect immune complexes in neurocysticercosis serum samples. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021; 114:585-592. [PMID: 32484880 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a neglected tropical disease and its diagnosis is still a challenge due to non-specific manifestations. Neuroimaging techniques are used in the diagnosis of NCC, however, due to the high cost of these methods and the advantages presented in the use of immunological tests, such as ease of performance and satisfactory results, immunoassays are commonly used to detect antibodies against Taenia sp. antigens. The aim of the present study was to produce, characterize and apply specific polyclonal immunoglobulin Y (IgY) anti-Taenia crassiceps extracted from egg yolk of hens immunized with T. crassiceps metacestodes. METHODS Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), avidity ELISA, immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence tests were performed for characterization of IgY antibodies. Diagnostic performance was verified by ELISA for immune complex detection testing 90 serum samples. RESULTS Values of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+/LR-) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated and presented the following results: sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 96.7%, AUC 0.966, LR+ 25.0 and LR- 0.17. CONCLUSIONS Results of this pioneering and innovative study demonstrate that anti-T. crassiceps IgY antibodies present potential applicability and can be used as an efficient tool in human NCC serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela B da Silva
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Lucas S da Faria
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Camila A Lopes
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Daniela S Nunes
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Vanessa S Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo N de Sousa
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Guilherme C M Paiva
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Maria R F Gonçalves-Pires
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Isabela P Borges
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Malú M Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Universidade de Uberaba, Campus Aeroporto. Av. Nenê Sabino, 1802, sala 2D05, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38055-500, Brazil
| | - Veridiana M R Ávila
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Toxinas Animais, Instituto de Genética e Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Ferreira Júnior
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sanidade e Produção Animal nos Trópicos, Universidade de Uberaba, Campus Aeroporto. Av. Nenê Sabino, 1802, sala 2D05, Uberaba, Minas Gerais, 38055-500, Brazil
| | - Julia M Costa-Cruz
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico de Parasitoses, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38400-902, Brazil
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Mimotope-based antigens as potential vaccine candidates in experimental murine cysticercosis. Parasitology 2020; 147:1330-1337. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020001080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHuman cysticercosis is a public health problem caused by Taenia solium metacestodes; thus, eradication of T. solium transmission by vaccination is an urgent requirement. The Cc48 mimotope from T. solium cysticerci was tested expressed in phage particles (mCc48) and chemically synthesized (sCc48) as a vaccine candidate in experimental murine cysticercosis. For this, BALB/c mice were immunized with mCc48 (G1; n = 40), sCc48 (G2; n = 40) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (G3; n = 40, positive control) and challenged with Taenia crassiceps metacestodes. Another PBS group without parasite challenge was used as a negative control (G4; n = 40). Mice were sacrificed 15, 30, 45 and 60 days post-infection for cysticerci and serum collection. Immunization efficacy was determined by cysticerci counting. Serum samples were tested by ELISA to verify antibody (IgM, IgG, IgA and IgE) and cytokine (IFNγ and IL-4) levels. The sCc48 achieved the highest rates of protection and efficacy (90 and 98%, respectively). The group immunized with mCc48 presented the highest reactivity for IgM, IgG and IgE. All groups presented IL-4, but IFNγ was quite variable among groups. The protection induced by sCc48 synthetic peptide supports further studies of this mimotope as a potential vaccine candidate against cysticercosis.
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