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Review of the metazoan parasites of the economically and ecologically important African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus in Africa: Current status and novel records. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2023; 119:65-222. [PMID: 36707175 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the most widely distributed African freshwater fish is the African sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) that is naturally distributed in 8 of the 10 ichthyofaunal regions of this continent. Clarias gariepinus is a highly valued and cheap staple to local communities and an ideal aquaculture species. Consequently, interest in the parasitic communities of C. gariepinus has increased as parasites may accidentally be ingested by humans when eating uncooked fish or can be introduced into culture systems through fish stocks supplied from local rivers which affect yield, growth, and marketability. This review provides an overview of the ∼107 metazoan parasite species known to parasitise C. gariepinus in Africa and their general life cycles, morphology, paratenic and post-cyclic infections, and the biogeography and validity of records are discussed. A brief overview is included on the application of some of these parasites in environmental studies and their link to human health.
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Ailán-Choke LG, Davies D, Malta LS, Couto JV, Tavares LER, Luque JL, Pereira FB. Cucullanus pinnai pinnai and C. pinnai pterodorasi (Nematoda Cucullanidae): what does the integrative taxonomy tell us about these species and subspecies classification? Parasitol Res 2023; 122:557-569. [PMID: 36526926 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cucullanus pinnai has been divided in two subspecies (C. pinnai pinnai and C. pinnai pterodorasi) based on the morphology of oesophastome. While C. pinnai pinnai apparently shows low host specificity and broad geographic occurrence, with certain morphological variations, C. pinnai pterodorasi was reported once, parasitizing Pterodoras granulosus. We used an integrative taxonomic approach to evaluate whether or not populations of C. pinnai pinnai from Trychomycterus spegazzinii (Escoipe River, Argentina) and Pimelodus fur (Miranda River, Brazil), and of C. pinnai pterodorasi from Pterodoras granulosus (Miranda River, Brazil) are conspecific. Parasites were observed using light microscopy and genetically characterized based on partial sequences of the 18S and 28S rDNA, ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, and COI mtDNA. Phylogenies were reconstructed and the Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC), Poisson Tree Process (bPTP), and Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) were used for species delimitation purposes. The present samples formed well-supported monophyletic assemblages, corroborating in part the results of morphological analyses; however, they grouped according to geographic origin. Species delimitation suggested conspecificity of C. pinnai pinnai with C. pinnai pterodorasi from Brazil; consequently, the morphology of oesophastome may be an intraspecific variation. Results also indicated that C. pinnai may represent a species complex as samples from Argentina were suggestive of an independent specific entity. However, definitive affirmations are premature, since there is no autapomorphy for separating C. pinnai from Brazil and Argentina and sampling was limited to three host species from two river basins. The phylogenetic reconstructions also confirmed the artificiality of some genera within Cucullanidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena G Ailán-Choke
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Para El Estudio de La Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Dora Davies
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto Para El Estudio de La Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400, Salta, Argentina
| | - Lennon S Malta
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa E Silva S/N°, Campo Grande, MS, CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - João Victor Couto
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Eduardo R Tavares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Do Sul, Av. Costa E Silva S/N°, Campo Grande, MS, CEP 79070-900, Brazil
| | - José L Luque
- Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, BR 465, Km 47, Seropédica, RJ, CEP 23851-970, Brazil
| | - Felipe B Pereira
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Pereira FB, González-Solís D. Review of the parasitic nematodes of marine fishes from off the American continent. Parasitology 2022; 149:1928-1941. [PMID: 36076284 PMCID: PMC11010509 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182022001287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The ichthyofauna of the Atlantic and Pacific coasts off the American continent is very rich. Consequently, a high biodiversity of nematodes parasitizing these vertebrates is also expected. Currently, data on nematode parasites of marine fish off the Americas are fragmented. A review of all adult nematode species reported parasitizing marine fish from off the American continent is herein presented, as well as comments on their patterns of diversity, life cycles and advances in the taxonomic and phylogenetic knowledge. A total of 209 valid species, 19 species inquirendae and 6 dubious records have been recorded, the majority from the fish taxa Eupercaria and Perciformes. The families Sciaenidae, Serranidae and Lutjanidae, as well as the tropical and temperate Atlantic waters, exhibited the highest records of parasitic nematodes. The Cucullanidae, Philometridae and Cystidicolidae were the most speciose families of nematodes, which may be related to technological advances and relatively recent efforts of taxonomists, resulting in description of new taxa and the resolution of taxonomic problems. Numerous taxonomic questions still need resolution and, even though genetic data have been important for this process, the database is very scarce. This is the first review on all currently known nematode species parasitizing marine fish off the Americas and may serve as an important basis of reference for future approaches on these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe B. Pereira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - David González-Solís
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal, Av. Centenario km 5.5, C.P. 77014, Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico
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Alexandre EAA, Yamada FH. Diversity and ecology of parasitic fauna of the endemic Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken, 1875 from the Caatinga Domain, Brazil. J NAT HIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2121233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Hideki Yamada
- Laboratório de Ecologia Parasitária (LABEP), Universidade Regional do Cariri (URCA), Crato, Brazil
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Cárdenas MQ, Justo MCN, Reyes ADRP, Cohen SC. Diversity of Nematoda and Digenea from different species of characiform fishes from Tocantins River, Maranhão, Brazil. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA = BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY PARASITOLOGY : ORGAO OFICIAL DO COLEGIO BRASILEIRO DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA 2022; 31:e005122. [PMID: 35894419 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612022038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During a survey of the helminth fauna of characiform fishes from the Tocantins River, Brazil, 185 fish specimens from 22 species were studied. Twelve species of Nematoda and nine species of Digenea were collected. Some of these helminth species were reported for the first time in their hosts, thus representing new host records: Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) sp. in Bivibranchia notata, Brycon pesu, Chalceus macrolepidotus, Hemiodus microlepis and Hemiodus unimaculatus; Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus in Triportheus elongatus; Goezia sp. (larva) in Boulengerella cuvieri; Rhabdochona acuminata in Brycon pesu and Triportheus trifurcatus; Raphidascaris sp. (larva) in Caenotropus labyrinthicus; Cosmoxynema vianai in Cyphocharax gouldingi; Rondonia rondoni in Leporinus fasciatus and Mylesinus paucisquamatus; Klossinemella iheringi in Mylesinus paucisquamatus; Cucullanidae gen. sp. in Myloplus rubripinnis; Rhabdochona sp. in Triportheus elongatus; Alphamphistoma sp. in Myleus setiger; Chalcinotrema sp. in Cyphocharax gouldingi; Pacudistoma guianense in Hemiodus unimaculatus and Myleus torquatus; Pseudocladorchis cylindricus in Hemiodus unimaculatus; Dadaytrema oxycephala in Mylesinus paucisquamatus; Travassosinia dilatata in Myloplus asterias; and Genarchella genarchella in Raphiodon vulpinus. Studies identifying new hosts and new localities for parasites have contributed to the knowledge of local biodiversity. A list of previous records of helminths included in the present study, providing hosts, localities, and references, is presented here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Querido Cárdenas
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Márcia Cristina Nascimento Justo
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Amanda da Rocha Paula Reyes
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Simone Chinicz Cohen
- Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Peixes, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Ramallo G, Ailán-Choke L. A checklist of the parasitic nematodes of freshwater fishes from Argentina. REV SUISSE ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.35929/rsz.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Ramallo
- Instituto de Invertebrados, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina. E-mail: ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6953-4743
| | - Lorena Ailán-Choke
- Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, (4400) Salta, Argentina
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Valadão MC, López-Hernández D, Alves PV, Pinto HA. A new species of Echinostoma (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) from the ' revolutum' group found in Brazil: refuting the occurrence of Echinostoma miyagawai (= E. robustum) in the Americas. Parasitology 2022; 149:325-336. [PMID: 35264265 PMCID: PMC11010529 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although Echinostoma robustum (currently a synonym of E. miyagawai) was reported in the Americas based on molecular data, morphological support on adult parasites is still required. Herein, a new species of Echinostoma is described based on worms found in a chicken from Brazil. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on 28S (1063 bp), ITS (947 bp) and Nad-1 (442 bp) datasets reveal the inclusion of the new species within Echinostoma ‘revolutum’ species complex. Moreover, it was verified the conspecificity between cercariae previously identified as E. robustum in Brazil [identical ITS and only 0.3% of divergence (1 nucleotide) in Nad-1]. Species discovery analyses show that these two isolates form an independent lineage (species) among Echinostoma spp. Compared to E. miyagawai, the new species presents relatively high divergence in Nad-1 (7.88–9.09%). Morphologically, the specimens are distinguished from all nominal species from the ‘revolutum’ species complex by the more posterior position of the testes (length of post-testicular field as a proportion of body length about 20%). They further differ from E. miyagawai and South American Echinostoma spp. by the higher proportion of forebody to the body length. Therefore, combined molecular and morphological evidence supports the proposal of the species named here as Echinostoma pseudorobustum sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa C. Valadão
- Department of Parasitology, Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danimar López-Hernández
- Department of Parasitology, Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Philippe V. Alves
- Department of Parasitology, Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hudson A. Pinto
- Department of Parasitology, Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, P.O. Box 486, 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Checklist of nematodes parasitizing fish in the Brazilian Amazon. J Helminthol 2021; 95:e75. [PMID: 34964710 DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x21000729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a list of parasitic fish nematodes from the Brazilian Amazon based on the previous Brazilian list including scientific assessments carried out between 2010 and 2021. A total of 16 families, 48 species and 28 undetermined species of nematodes associated with fish are included in the checklist, in addition to 93 host species and 15 geographical records.
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Ailán-Choke LG, Pereira FB. Deep in the systematics of Camallanidae (Nematoda): using integrative taxonomy to better understand the phylogeny and consistency of diagnostic traits. Parasitology 2021; 148:962-974. [PMID: 33934728 PMCID: PMC11010166 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021000706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Due to conflicts between classic and molecular systematics of Camallanidae, different data types were used for the first time, to better understand the evolutionary history and taxa consistency within this family. Genetic [18S and 28S rDNA; cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mtDNA], morphological and life history traits were used to infer phylogenies using Bayesian inference, reconstructed from separated and concatenated datasets. The consistency of tree and morphological traits was evaluated using the consistency index. Characters were mapped on the trees and the phylogenetic informativeness of genetic markers was estimated. Phylogenetic informativeness of 18S provided better resolution for outer nodes, COI for inners and 28S had an intermediate profile. New sequences for two camallanid species were obtained. Phylogenies of genetic and concatenated data largely agreed, showing more divergence in the COI dataset, due to its higher mutation rate vs stable morphology for diagnosing higher taxa. No genus sustained monophyly. The lack of autapomorphy and phylogenetic proximity supported the partition of Batrachocamallanus as synonym of Procamallanus and Spirocamallanus, which should not be considered as subgenera. Although traits of buccal capsule, male tail, habitat, host and biogeographic were highly consistent, intrinsic patterns varied according to different taxa assemblages. Morphological systematics of Camallanidae, based on buccal capsule, is artificial for certain taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena G. Ailán-Choke
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto para el Estudio de la Biodiversidad de Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Salta, Av. Bolivia 5150, 4400 Salta, Argentina
| | - Felipe B. Pereira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, CEP 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Ramírez-Cañas SA, López-Caballero JD, Mata-López R. Morphological and Molecular Data Reveal Two New Species of Viannaia (Nematoda: Viannaiidae), Parasitizing Opossums (Mammalia: Didelphidae) in Mexico. J Parasitol 2021; 107:388-403. [PMID: 33971012 DOI: 10.1645/18-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new species of Viannaia from the intestine of the North American opossums, Didelphis virginiana (Virginia opossum), and Philander opossum (gray four-eyed opossum), are described based on morphological and molecular data, through an integrative taxonomic approach. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses for each dataset and the concatenated dataset were performed using a mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene, and the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2). The phylogenetic analyses revealed 2 new species that occur in Mexico, one from the western state of Colima and another from the southern state of Chiapas. Our phylogenetic trees for both molecular markers and concatenated datasets yielded similar topologies with high bootstrap values and posterior probabilities. Viannaia is recovered as a monophyletic group, but the family Viannaiidae appears as non-monophyletic, due to the position of Travassostrongylus scheibelorum, similar to previous studies. Finally, the morphology of Viannaia and Hoineffia is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Angélica Ramírez-Cañas
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado 70-153, C. P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge D López-Caballero
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosario Mata-López
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, C. P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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Santacruz A, Barluenga M, Pérez-Ponce de León G. Taxonomic assessment of the genus Procamallanus (Nematoda) in Middle American cichlids (Osteichthyes) with molecular data, and the description of a new species from Nicaragua and Costa Rica. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:1965-1977. [PMID: 33851247 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Procamallanus is a species-rich genus of parasitic nematodes of marine, brackish, and freshwater fishes, occurring also occasionally in amphibians and reptiles. In the Neotropical region, this genus is highly diverse, with species described from a wide range of fish families. In this study, we reassess the taxonomic status of Procamallanus rebecae with molecular and morphological data and describe a new species endemic to Nicaragua and Costa Rica. We analyzed all Procamallanus isolated from fish from the Nicaraguan lakes and some rivers in Costa Rica after an exhaustive analysis of their freshwater fish endoparasite fauna. Procamallanus rebecae is a host-specific parasite of Middle American cichlids, previously reported in southern Mexico, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. We therefore compared these Central American specimens with individuals of P. rebecae collected in cichlids from southeastern Mexico using two genomic regions (28S rDNA and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1, COI). We found high levels of sequence divergence between Procamallanus from the two geographical regions, with up to 9.8 and 10.5% for both genetic markers, respectively. We also analyzed their morphology and found conspicuous differences in the shape of the mouth and the structure of the female cauda. We therefore describe the specimens of Procamallanus from Central American cichlids as a new species. Both Procamallanus species occur in different cichlid species and are allopatrically distributed. The host specificity and ancient association patterns between cichlids and Procamallanus and the jointly colonization of both hosts and parasites during their northern dispersal from South America are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santacruz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Km 4.5 Carretera Mérida-Tetiz, Ucú, Yucatán, C.P. 97357, México
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ap. Postal 70-153, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marta Barluenga
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Pérez-Ponce de León
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Mérida, Km 4.5 Carretera Mérida-Tetiz, Ucú, Yucatán, C.P. 97357, México.
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ap. Postal 70-153, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
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