1
|
Malsa J, Reigner F, Riou M, Gesbert A, Guégnard F, Perrot N, Serreau D, Fleurance G, Sallé G. Evaluation of plant commercial feed additives for equine cyathostomin control. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 142:105197. [PMID: 39299557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
The increasing emergence of anthelmintic-resistant parasitic isolates prompts us to reassess the management of intestinal strongylosis in horses. Additionally, societal demand is shifting toward reducing the use of chemical treatments, aligning with environmentally-friendly practices and the exploration of natural alternatives. In this context, we provide an initial view of the antiparasitic activity and the effect on immune circulating blood cells of three commercialized plant-based feed additives in ponies. Three treatments, based either on mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) or curcumin (Curcuma longa) were administrated to 18 (six per treatment) Welsh female ponies naturally infected with cyathostomins to mimic their practical use in farming conditions. Another group of six untreated ponies was used as a control. Fecal egg count (FEC), the larval development percentage and the number of red blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils were measured the first and the last day of each treatment, and compared with those characterizing the control group. None of the three treatments showed a significant effect on the studied parameters. Moreover, the efficacy of treatments, measured from the FEC reduction compared to the control group, was weak (≤ 38.6 %). Therefore, these results do not support the practical use of these additives in equine farming, even if the determination of Cohen's d values associated with the three treatments revealed some incidences on FEC and blood immune cell counts, as well as on larval development for mugwort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Malsa
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.
| | - F Reigner
- INRAE, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Nouzilly, France
| | - M Riou
- INRAE, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, Nouzilly, France
| | - A Gesbert
- INRAE, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de l'Orfrasière, Nouzilly, France
| | - F Guégnard
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - N Perrot
- INRAE, Plate-Forme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, Nouzilly, France
| | - D Serreau
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - G Fleurance
- Institut français du cheval et de l'équitation, Pôle développement, innovation et recherche, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - G Sallé
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sillanpää M, Engström MT, Tähtinen P, Green RJ, Käpylä J, Näreaho A, Karonen M. Exploring the Interactions between Plant Proanthocyanidins and Thiabendazole: Insights from Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Molecules 2024; 29:3492. [PMID: 39124899 PMCID: PMC11313799 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29153492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes produces substantial challenges to agriculture, and new strategies for nematode control in livestock animals are called for. Natural compounds, including tannins, with proven anthelmintic activity could be a functional option as structurally diverse complementary compounds to be used alongside commercial anthelmintics. However, the dual use of two anthelmintic components requires an understanding of the pharmacological effects of the combination, while information concerning the interactions between plant-based polyphenols and commercial anthelmintics is scarce. We studied the direct interactions of proanthocyanidins (PAs, syn. condensed tannins) and a commercial anthelmintic thiabendazole, as a model substance of benzimidazoles, by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Our results show evidence of a direct interaction of an exothermic nature with observed enthalpy changes ranging from 0 to -30 kJ/mol. The strength of the interaction between PAs and thiabendazole is mediated by structural characteristics of the PAs with the strongest positive correlation originating from the presence of galloyl groups and the increased degree of polymerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mimosa Sillanpää
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (P.T.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Petri Tähtinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (P.T.); (M.K.)
| | - Rebecca J. Green
- School of Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 224, Reading RG6 6AP, UK;
| | - Jarmo Käpylä
- Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;
| | - Anu Näreaho
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Maarit Karonen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland; (P.T.); (M.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Laroche N, Grimm P, Julliand S, Sorci G. Diet modulates strongyle infection and microbiota in the large intestine of horses. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301920. [PMID: 38593129 PMCID: PMC11003623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of anthelminthic drugs has several drawbacks, including the selection of resistant parasite strains. Alternative avenues to mitigate the negative effects of helminth infection involve dietary interventions that might affect resistance and/or tolerance by improving host immunity, modulating the microbiota, or exerting direct anthelmintic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diet on strongyle infection in horses, specifically through immune-mediated, microbiota-mediated, or direct anthelmintic effects. Horses that were naturally infected with strongyles were fed either a high-fiber or high-starch diet, supplemented with either polyphenol-rich pellets (dehydrated sainfoin) or control pellets (sunflower and hay). When horses were fed a high-starch diet, they excreted more strongyle eggs. Adding sainfoin in the high-starch diet reduced egg excretion. Additionally, sainfoin decreased larval motility whatever the diet. Moreover, the high-starch diet led to a lower fecal bacterial diversity, structural differences in fecal microbiota, lower fecal pH, lower blood acetate, and lower hematocrit compared to the high-fiber diet. Circulating levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, lipopolysaccharides, procalcitonin, and white blood cells proportions did not differ between diets. Overall, this study highlights the role of dietary manipulations as an alternative strategy to mitigate the effect of helminth infection and suggests that, in addition to the direct effects, changes in the intestinal ecosystem are the possible underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Laroche
- Lab To Field, 26 bd Docteur Petitjean, Dijon, France
- Biogéosciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon, France
| | - Pauline Grimm
- Lab To Field, 26 bd Docteur Petitjean, Dijon, France
| | - Samy Julliand
- Lab To Field, 26 bd Docteur Petitjean, Dijon, France
| | - Gabriele Sorci
- Biogéosciences, CNRS UMR 6282, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 6 Boulevard Gabriel, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Malsa J, Boudesocque-Delaye L, Wimel L, Auclair-Ronzaud J, Dumont B, Mach N, Reigner F, Guégnard F, Chereau A, Serreau D, Théry-Koné I, Sallé G, Fleurance G. Chicory (Cichorium intybus) reduces cyathostomin egg excretion and larval development in grazing horses. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2024; 24:100523. [PMID: 38368671 PMCID: PMC10884488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2024.100523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Cyathostomins are the most prevalent parasitic nematodes of grazing horses. They are responsible for colic and diarrhea in their hosts. After several decades of exposure to synthetic anthelmintics, they have evolved to become resistant to most compounds. In addition, the drug-associated environmental side-effects question their use in the field. Alternative control strategies, like bioactive forages, are needed to face these challenges. Among these, chicory (Cichorium intybus, Puna II cultivar (cv.)) is known to convey anthelmintic compounds and may control cyathostomins in grazing horses. To challenge this hypothesis, we measured fecal egg counts and the rate of larval development in 20 naturally infected young saddle horses (2-year-old) grazing either (i) a pasture sown with chicory (n = 10) or (ii) a mesophile grassland (n = 10) at the same stocking rate (2.4 livestock unit (LU)/ha). The grazing period lasted 45 days to prevent horse reinfection. Horses in the chicory group mostly grazed chicory (89% of the bites), while those of the control group grazed mainly grasses (73%). Cyathostomins egg excretion decreased in both groups throughout the experiment. Accounting for this trajectory, the fecal egg count reduction (FECR) measured in individuals grazing chicory relative to control individuals increased from 72.9% at day 16 to 85.5% at the end of the study. In addition, larval development in feces from horses grazed on chicory was reduced by more than 60% from d31 compared to control individuals. Using a metabarcoding approach, we also evidenced a significant decrease in cyathostomin species abundance in horses grazing chicory. Chicory extract enriched in sesquiterpenes lactones was tested on two cyathostomins isolates. The estimated IC50 was high (1 and 3.4 mg/ml) and varied according to the pyrantel sensitivity status of the worm isolate. We conclude that the grazing of chicory (cv. Puna II) by horses is a promising strategy for reducing cyathostomin egg excretion and larval development that may contribute to lower the reliance on synthetic anthelmintics. The underpinning modes of action remain to be explored further.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Malsa
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France.
| | | | - Laurence Wimel
- Institut Français Du Cheval et de L'équitation, Plateau Technique de Chamberet, Chamberet, France
| | - Juliette Auclair-Ronzaud
- Institut Français Du Cheval et de L'équitation, Plateau Technique de Chamberet, Chamberet, France
| | - Bertrand Dumont
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Núria Mach
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, Cedex 3, 31076, France
| | - Fabrice Reigner
- INRAE, Unité Expérimentale de Physiologie Animale de L'Orfrasière, Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Guégnard
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Angélique Chereau
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Delphine Serreau
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Isabelle Théry-Koné
- Université de Tours, EA 7502 Synthèse et Isolement de Molécules Bioactives, Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Sallé
- INRAE, Université de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Nouzilly, France
| | - Géraldine Fleurance
- INRAE, Université Clermont Auvergne, VetAgro Sup, UMR 1213 Herbivores, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Institut Français Du Cheval et de L'équitation, Pôle Développement, Innovation et Recherche, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Halvarsson P, Grandi G, Hägglund S, Höglund J. Gastrointestinal parasite community structure in horses after the introduction of selective anthelmintic treatment strategies. Vet Parasitol 2024; 326:110111. [PMID: 38218052 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
A relatively new method to study the species richness and diversity of nematode parasites in grazing animals is to perform deep sequencing on composite samples containing a mixture of parasites. In this work, we compared species composition of strongyles in two groups of horses as a function of egg count and age, based on a DNA barcoding approach. Faecal egg counts and larval cultures were obtained from nearly 300 horses, i.e., domestic horses (n = 167) and trotters (n = 130) sampled nationwide. The second internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2) of strongyle nematodes in the larval cultures was first amplified using barcoded universal primers and then sequenced on the PacBio platform. Subsequently, bioinformatic sequence analysis was performed using SCATA to assign operational taxonomic units (OTU). Finally, species occurrence and composition were assessed using R. ITS2 sequences were found in the majority (89%) of larval samples. Sequencing yielded an average of 140 (26 to 503) reads per sample. The OTUs were assigned to 28 different taxa, of which all but three could be identified as species. The average relative abundance of the seven most abundant species (all Cyathostominae) accounted for 87% of the combined data set. The three species with the highest prevalence in both horse groups were Cyathostomum catinatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus and Cylicostephanus calicatus, and they were frequently found in different combinations with other species regardless of horse group. Interestingly, this result is largely consistent with a previous Swedish study based on morphological analysis of adult worms. In addition, two migratory strongylids (Strongylus vulgaris and S. edentatus) occurred in few domestic horses and trotters. Except for C. minutus and C. nassatus, which decreased with age, and C. catinatum and S. vulgaris, which increased, no specific trends were observed with respect to horse age. Taken together, these results are broadly consistent with data obtained before the introduction of selective targeted treatment in Sweden in 2007. All in all, our results suggest that this treatment strategy has not led to a significant change in strongyle nematode community structure in Swedish horses. The study also confirms that nemabiome analysis in combination with diversity index analysis is an objective method to study strongyle communities in horses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Halvarsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, P.O. Box 7036, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Giulio Grandi
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, P.O. Box 7036, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Johan Höglund
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section for Parasitology, P.O. Box 7036, Uppsala, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boisseau M, Dhorne-Pollet S, Bars-Cortina D, Courtot É, Serreau D, Annonay G, Lluch J, Gesbert A, Reigner F, Sallé G, Mach N. Species interactions, stability, and resilience of the gut microbiota - Helminth assemblage in horses. iScience 2023; 26:106044. [PMID: 36818309 PMCID: PMC9929684 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature and strength of interactions entertained among helminths and their host gut microbiota remain largely unexplored. Using 40 naturally infected Welsh ponies, we tracked the gut microbiota-cyathostomin temporal dynamics and stability before and following anthelmintic treatment and the associated host blood transcriptomic response. High shedders harbored 14 species of cyathostomins, dominated by Cylicocyclus nassatus. They exhibited a highly diverse and temporal dynamic gut microbiota, with butyrate-producing Clostridia likely driving the ecosystem steadiness and host tolerance toward cyathostomins infection. However, anthelmintic administration sharply bent the microbial community. It disrupted the ecosystem stability and the time-dependent network of interactions, affecting longer term microbial resilience. These observations highlight how anthelmintic treatments alter the triangular relationship of parasite, host, and gut microbiota and open new perspectives for adding nutritional intervention to current parasite management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Boisseau
- , Université de Tours, INRAE, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380 Nouzilly, France,IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Dhorne-Pollet
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - David Bars-Cortina
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Élise Courtot
- , Université de Tours, INRAE, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Delphine Serreau
- , Université de Tours, INRAE, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Gwenolah Annonay
- INRAE, US UMR 1426, Genomic platform, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jérôme Lluch
- INRAE, US UMR 1426, Genomic platform, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Amandine Gesbert
- INRAE, UE Physiologie Animale de l’Orfrasière, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Reigner
- INRAE, UE Physiologie Animale de l’Orfrasière, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Guillaume Sallé
- , Université de Tours, INRAE, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380 Nouzilly, France,Corresponding author
| | - Núria Mach
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, GABI, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France,IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, 31076 Toulouse, France,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Courtot É, Boisseau M, Dhorne-Pollet S, Serreau D, Gesbert A, Reigner F, Basiaga M, Kuzmina T, Lluch J, Annonay G, Kuchly C, Diekmann I, Krücken J, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Mach N, Sallé G. Comparison of two molecular barcodes for the study of equine strongylid communities with amplicon sequencing. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15124. [PMID: 37070089 PMCID: PMC10105562 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Basic knowledge on the biology and epidemiology of equine strongylid species still needs to be improved to contribute to the design of better parasite control strategies. Nemabiome metabarcoding is a convenient tool to quantify and identify species in bulk samples that could overcome the hurdle that cyathostomin morphological identification represents. To date, this approach has relied on the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2) of the ribosomal RNA gene, with a limited investigation of its predictive performance for cyathostomin communities. Using DNA pools of single cyathostomin worms, this study aimed to provide the first elements to compare performances of the ITS-2 and a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode newly developed in this study. Barcode predictive abilities were compared across various mock community compositions of two, five and 11 individuals from distinct species. The amplification bias of each barcode was estimated. Results were also compared between various types of biological samples, i.e., eggs, infective larvae or adults. Bioinformatic parameters were chosen to yield the closest representation of the cyathostomin community for each barcode, underscoring the need for communities of known composition for metabarcoding purposes. Overall, the proposed COI barcode was suboptimal relative to the ITS-2 rDNA region, because of PCR amplification biases, reduced sensitivity and higher divergence from the expected community composition. Metabarcoding yielded consistent community composition across the three sample types. However, imperfect correlations were found between relative abundances from infective larvae and other life-stages for Cylicostephanus species using the ITS-2 barcode. While the results remain limited by the considered biological material, they suggest that additional improvements are needed for both the ITS-2 and COI barcodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Élise Courtot
- Animal Health, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Michel Boisseau
- Animal Health, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
- Animal Health, UMR1225 IHAP, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | | | - Delphine Serreau
- Animal Health, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Amandine Gesbert
- Animal Physiology, UEPAO, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Fabrice Reigner
- Animal Physiology, UEPAO, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Tetiana Kuzmina
- Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jérôme Lluch
- GeT-PlaGe, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Gwenolah Annonay
- GeT-PlaGe, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Kuchly
- GeT-PlaGe, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Irina Diekmann
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nuria Mach
- Animal Health, UMR1225 IHAP, Institut National de la Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Sallé
- Animal Health, UMR1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, INRAE, Nouzilly, France
| |
Collapse
|