1
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Rummel F, Malcomson T, Barchenko M, O’Malley PJ. Insights into PSII's S 3Y Z• State: An Electronic and Magnetic Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:499-506. [PMID: 38190694 PMCID: PMC10801681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Using BS-DFT (broken-symmetry density functional theory), the electronic and magnetic properties of the S3YZ• state of photosystem II were investigated and compared to those of the S3 state. While the O5 oxo-O6 hydroxo species presents little difference between the two states, a previously identified [O5O6]3- exhibits reduced stabilization of the O5-O6 shared spin. This species is shown to have some coupling with the YZ• center through Mn1 and O6. Similarly, a peroxo species is found to exhibit significant exchange couplings between the YZ• center and the Mn cluster through Mn1. Mechanistic changes in O-O bond formation in S3YZ• are highlighted by analysis of IBOs (intrinsic bonding orbitals) showing deviation for Mn1 and O6 centered IBOs. This change in coupling interactions throughout the complex as a result of S3YZ• formation presents implications for the determination of the mechanism spanning the end of the S3 and the start of the S4 states, affecting both electron movement and oxygen bond formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Rummel
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Malcomson
- School
of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, United Kingdom
| | - Maxim Barchenko
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J. O’Malley
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
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2
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Zhao Z, Vercellino I, Knoppová J, Sobotka R, Murray JW, Nixon PJ, Sazanov LA, Komenda J. The Ycf48 accessory factor occupies the site of the oxygen-evolving manganese cluster during photosystem II biogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4681. [PMID: 37542031 PMCID: PMC10403576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40388-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust oxygenic photosynthesis requires a suite of accessory factors to ensure efficient assembly and repair of the oxygen-evolving photosystem two (PSII) complex. The highly conserved Ycf48 assembly factor binds to the newly synthesized D1 reaction center polypeptide and promotes the initial steps of PSII assembly, but its binding site is unclear. Here we use cryo-electron microscopy to determine the structure of a cyanobacterial PSII D1/D2 reaction center assembly complex with Ycf48 attached. Ycf48, a 7-bladed beta propeller, binds to the amino-acid residues of D1 that ultimately ligate the water-oxidising Mn4CaO5 cluster, thereby preventing the premature binding of Mn2+ and Ca2+ ions and protecting the site from damage. Interactions with D2 help explain how Ycf48 promotes assembly of the D1/D2 complex. Overall, our work provides valuable insights into the early stages of PSII assembly and the structural changes that create the binding site for the Mn4CaO5 cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Zhao
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Irene Vercellino
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Wilhelm-Johnen-Straße, 52428, Jülich, Germany
| | - Jana Knoppová
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budĕjovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - James W Murray
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Leonid A Sazanov
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400, Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Opatovický mlýn, Třeboň, 379 81, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budĕjovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
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3
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Structure of Photosystem I Supercomplex Isolated from a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cytochrome b6f Temperature-Sensitive Mutant. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030537. [PMID: 36979472 PMCID: PMC10046768 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, has been widely used as a model system to study photosynthesis. Its possibility to generate and analyze specific mutants has made it an excellent tool for mechanistic and biogenesis studies. Using negative selection of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation–mutated cells, we isolated a mutant (TSP9) with a single amino acid mutation in the Rieske protein of the cytochrome b6f complex. The W143R mutation in the petC gene resulted in total loss of cytochrome b6f complex function at the non-permissive temperature of 37 °C and recovery at the permissive temperature of 25 °C. We then isolated photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes from cells grown at the non-permissive temperature and determined the PSI structure with high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy. There were several structural alterations compared with the structures obtained from wild-type cells. Our structural data suggest that the mutant responded by excluding the Lhca2, Lhca9, PsaL, and PsaH subunits. This structural alteration prevents state two transition, where LHCII migrates from PSII to bind to the PSI complex. We propose this as a possible response mechanism triggered by the TSP9 phenotype at the non-permissive temperature.
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4
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Sirohiwal A, Pantazis DA. Functional Water Networks in Fully Hydrated Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:22035-22050. [PMID: 36413491 PMCID: PMC9732884 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c09121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Water channels and networks within photosystem II (PSII) of oxygenic photosynthesis are critical for enzyme structure and function. They control substrate delivery to the oxygen-evolving center and mediate proton transfer at both the oxidative and reductive endpoints. Current views on PSII hydration are derived from protein crystallography, but structural information may be compromised by sample dehydration and technical limitations. Here, we simulate the physiological hydration structure of a cyanobacterial PSII model following a thorough hydration procedure and large-scale unconstrained all-atom molecular dynamics enabled by massively parallel simulations. We show that crystallographic models of PSII are moderately to severely dehydrated and that this problem is particularly acute for models derived from X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) serial femtosecond crystallography. We present a fully hydrated representation of cyanobacterial PSII and map all water channels, both static and dynamic, associated with the electron donor and acceptor sides. Among them, we describe a series of transient channels and the attendant conformational gating role of protein components. On the acceptor side, we characterize a channel system that is absent from existing crystallographic models but is likely functionally important for the reduction of the terminal electron acceptor plastoquinone QB. The results of the present work build a foundation for properly (re)evaluating crystallographic models and for eliciting new insights into PSII structure and function.
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5
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Imaizumi K, Ifuku K. Binding and functions of the two chloride ions in the oxygen-evolving center of photosystem II. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 153:135-156. [PMID: 35698013 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Light-driven water oxidation in photosynthesis occurs at the oxygen-evolving center (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII). Chloride ions (Cl-) are essential for oxygen evolution by PSII, and two Cl- ions have been found to specifically bind near the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the OEC. The retention of these Cl- ions within the OEC is critically supported by some of the membrane-extrinsic subunits of PSII. The functions of these two Cl- ions and the mechanisms of their retention both remain to be fully elucidated. However, intensive studies performed recently have advanced our understanding of the functions of these Cl- ions, and PSII structures from various species have been reported, aiding the interpretation of previous findings regarding Cl- retention by extrinsic subunits. In this review, we summarize the findings to date on the roles of the two Cl- ions bound within the OEC. Additionally, together with a short summary of the functions of PSII membrane-extrinsic subunits, we discuss the mechanisms of Cl- retention by these extrinsic subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ko Imaizumi
- Division of Integrated Life Science, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ifuku
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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6
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Nixon PJ, Telfer A. Remembering James Barber (1940-2020). PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 153:1-20. [PMID: 35534741 PMCID: PMC9522743 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00919-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
James Barber, known to colleagues and friends as Jim, passed away in January 2020 after a long battle against cancer. During his long and distinguished career in photosynthesis research, Jim made many outstanding contributions with the pinnacle achieving his dream of determining the first detailed structure of the Mn cluster involved in photosynthetic water oxidation. Here, colleagues and friends remember Jim and reflect upon his scientific career and the impact he had on their lives and the scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building - Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Alison Telfer
- Sir Ernst Chain Building - Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, S. Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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7
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Cai WH, Zheng XQ, Liang YR. High-Light-Induced Degradation of Photosystem II Subunits’ Involvement in the Albino Phenotype in Tea Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158522. [PMID: 35955658 PMCID: PMC9369412 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The light-sensitive (LS) albino tea plant grows albinic shoots lacking chlorophylls (Chls) under high-light (HL) conditions, and the albinic shoots re-green under low light (LL) conditions. The albinic shoots contain a high level of amino acids and are preferential materials for processing quality green tea. The young plants of the albino tea cultivars are difficult to be cultivated owing to lacking Chls. The mechanisms of the tea leaf bleaching and re-greening are unknown. We detected the activity and composition of photosystem II (PSII) subunits in LS albino tea cultivar “Huangjinya” (HJY), with a normal green-leaf cultivar “Jinxuan” (JX) as control so as to find the relationship of PSII impairment to the albino phenotype in tea. The PSII of HJY is more vulnerable to HL-stress than JX. HL-induced degradation of PSII subunits CP43, CP47, PsbP, PsbR. and light-harvest chlorophyll–protein complexes led to the exposure and degradation of D1 and D2, in which partial fragments of the degraded subunits were crosslinked to form larger aggregates. Two copies of subunits PsbO, psbN, and Lhcb1 were expressed in response to HL stress. The cDNA sequencing of CP43 shows that there is no difference in sequences of PsbC cDNA and putative amino acids of CP43 between HJY and JX. The de novo synthesis and/or repair of PSII subunits is considered to be involved in the impairment of PSII complexes, and the latter played a predominant role in the albino phenotype in the LS albino tea plant.
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8
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Wang PY, Zhou JF, Chen H, Peng B, Zhang K. Activation of H 2O Tailored by Interfacial Electronic States at a Nanoscale Interface for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution. JACS AU 2022; 2:1457-1471. [PMID: 35783181 PMCID: PMC9241158 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fundamental and practical significance of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the reaction kinetics at the molecular level are not well-understood, especially in basic media. Here, with ZIF-67-derived Co-based carbon frameworks (Co/NCs) as model catalysts, we systematically investigated the effects of different reaction parameters on the HER kinetics and discovered that the HER activity was directly dependent not on the type of nitrogen in the carbon framework but on the relative content of surface hydroxyl and water (OH-/H2O) adsorbed on Co active sites embedded in carbon frameworks. When the ratio of the OH-/H2O was close to 1:1, the Co/NC nanocatalyst showed the best reaction performance under the condition of high-pH electrolytes, e.g., an overpotential of only 232 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in the 1 M KOH electrolyte. We unambiguously identified that the structural water molecules (SWs) in the form of hydrous hydroxyl complexes absorbed on metal centers {OHad·H2O@M+} were catalytic active sites for the enhanced HER, where M+ could be transition or alkaline metal cations. Different from the traditional hydrogen bonding of water, the hydroxyl (hydroxide) groups and water molecules in the SWs were mainly bonded together via the spatial interaction between the p orbitals of O atoms, exhibiting features of a delocalized π-bond with a metastable state. These newly formed surface bonds or transitory states could be new weak interactions that synergistically promote both interfacial electron transfer and the activation of water (dissociation of O-H bonds) at the electrode surface, i.e., the formation of activated H adducts (H*). The capture of new surface states not only explains pH-, cation-, and transition-metal-dependent hydrogen evolution kinetics but also provides completely new insights into the understanding of other electrocatalytic reductions involving other small molecules, including CO2, CO, and N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Yue Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jia-Feng Zhou
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, College
of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Laboratoire
de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Institut de Chimie
de Lyon, Université de Lyon, 46 Allée d’italie, Lyon 69364 CEDEX 07, France
- Shandong
Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell
Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical
Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252059, P. R. China
- Institute
of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China
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9
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Yocum CF. Photosystem 2 and the oxygen evolving complex: a brief overview. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:97-105. [PMID: 35294671 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
These special issues of photosynthesis research present papers documenting progress in revealing the many aspects of photosystem 2, a unique, one-of-a-kind complex system that can reduce a plastoquinone to a plastoquinol on every second flash of light and oxidize 2 H2O to an O2 on every fourth flash. This overview is a brief personal assessment of the progress observed by the author over a four-decade research career, including a discussion of some remaining unsolved issues. It will come as no surprise to readers that there are remaining questions given the complexity of PS2, and the efforts that have been needed so far to uncover its secrets. In fact, most readers will have their own lists of outstanding questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Yocum
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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10
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Advances in the Understanding of the Lifecycle of Photosystem II. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050836. [PMID: 35630282 PMCID: PMC9145668 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photosystem II is a light-driven water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase present in cyanobacteria, algae and plants. It produces molecular oxygen and protons to drive ATP synthesis, fueling life on Earth. As a multi-subunit membrane-protein-pigment complex, Photosystem II undergoes a dynamic cycle of synthesis, damage, and repair known as the Photosystem II lifecycle, to maintain a high level of photosynthetic activity at the cellular level. Cyanobacteria, oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, are frequently used as model organisms to study oxygenic photosynthetic processes due to their ease of growth and genetic manipulation. The cyanobacterial PSII structure and function have been well-characterized, but its lifecycle is under active investigation. In this review, advances in studying the lifecycle of Photosystem II in cyanobacteria will be discussed, with a particular emphasis on new structural findings enabled by cryo-electron microscopy. These structural findings complement a rich and growing body of biochemical and molecular biology research into Photosystem II assembly and repair.
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11
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Abstract
Harnessing biocatalysts for novel abiological transformations is a longstanding goal of synthetic chemistry. Combining the merits of biocatalysis and photocatalysis allows for selective transformations fueled by visible light and offers many advantages including new reactivity, high enantioselectivity, greener syntheses, and high yields. Photoinduced electron or energy transfer enables synthetic methodologies that complement conventional two electron processes or offer orthogonal pathways for developing new reactions. Enzymes are well suited and can be tuned by directed evolution to exert control over open-shell intermediates, thereby suppressing undesirable reactions and delivering high chemo- and stereoselectivities. Within the past decade, the combination of biocatalysis and photocatalysis was mainly focused on exploiting light-regenerated cofactors to function native enzymatic activity. However, recent developments have demonstrated that the combination can unlock new-to-nature chemistry. Particularly, the discovery and application of new strategies are well poised to expand the applications of photobiocatalysis.In the past five years, our lab has been studying the combinations of photocatalysis and biocatalysis that can be applied to create new synthetic methodologies and solve challenges in synthetic organic chemistry. Our efforts have expanded the strategies for combining external photocatalysts with enzymes through the construction of a synergistic cooperative stereoconvergent reduction system consisting of photosensitized energy transfer and ene-reductase-catalyzed alkene reduction. Additionally, our efforts have also extended the capability of cofactor-dependent photoenzymatic systems to include enantioselective bimolecular radical hydroalkylations of alkenes by irradiating electron donor-acceptor complexes comprised of enzymatic redox active cofactors and unnatural substrates.In this Account, we highlight strategies developed by our group and others for combining biocatalysis and photocatalysis with the aim of introducing non-natural reactivity to enzymes. Presently, strategies applied to achieve this goal include the repurposing of natural photoenzymes, the elucidation of new photoreactivity within cofactor-dependent enzymes, the combination of external photocatalysts with enzymes, and the construction of artificial photoenzymes. By demonstrating the successful applications of these strategies for achieving selective new-to-nature transformations, we hope to spur interest in expanding the scope of photobiocatalytic systems through the use and extension of these strategies and creation of new strategies. Additionally, we hope to elucidate the intuition in synergizing the unique capabilities of biocatalysis and photocatalysis so that photobiocatalysis can be recognized as a potential solution to difficult challenges in synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley Harrison
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Huimin Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 S. Matthews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- DOE Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 1206 W. Gregory Drive, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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12
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Do TN, Nguyen HL, Caffarri S, Tan HS. Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy of the Q x to Q y relaxation of chlorophylls a in photosystem II core complex. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:145102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0079500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, we measured the Qx to Qy transfer dynamics of the chlorophyll a (Chl a) manifold in the photosystem II (PSII) monomeric core complex from Arabidopsis thaliana. A PSII monomeric core consists of 35 Chls a and no Chl b, thus allowing for a clear window to study Chl a Qx dynamics in a large pigment-protein complex. Initial excitation in the Qx band results in a transfer to the Qy band in less than 60 fs. Upon the ultrafast transfer, regardless of the excitation frequency within the Qx band, the quasi-transient absorption spectra are very similar. This observation indicates that Chl a’s Qx to Qy transfer is not frequency selective. Using a simple model, we determined that this is not due to the lifetime broadening of the ultrafast transfer but predominantly due to a lack of correlation between the PSII core complex’s Chl a Qx and Qy bands. We suggest the origin to be the intrinsic loss of correlation during the Qx to Qy internal conversion as observed in previous studies of molecular Chl a dissolved in solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Nhut Do
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Hoang Long Nguyen
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
| | - Stefano Caffarri
- Aix Marseille Université, CEA, CNRS, BIAM, UMR7265, LGBP Team, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Howe-Siang Tan
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371
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13
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Drosou M, Pantazis DA. Redox Isomerism in the S 3 State of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex Resolved by Coupled Cluster Theory. Chemistry 2021; 27:12815-12825. [PMID: 34288176 PMCID: PMC8518824 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The electronic and geometric structures of the water-oxidizing complex of photosystem II in the steps of the catalytic cycle that precede dioxygen evolution remain hotly debated. Recent structural and spectroscopic investigations support contradictory redox formulations for the active-site Mn4 CaOx cofactor in the final metastable S3 state. These range from the widely accepted MnIV 4 oxo-hydroxo model, which presumes that O-O bond formation occurs in the ultimate transient intermediate (S4 ) of the catalytic cycle, to a MnIII 2 MnIV 2 peroxo model representative of the contrasting "early-onset" O-O bond formation hypothesis. Density functional theory energetics of suggested S3 redox isomers are inconclusive because of extreme functional dependence. Here, we use the power of the domain-based local pair natural orbital approach to coupled cluster theory, DLPNO-CCSD(T), to present the first correlated wave function theory calculations of relative stabilities for distinct redox-isomeric forms of the S3 state. Our results enabled us to evaluate conflicting models for the S3 state of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) and to quantify the accuracy of lower-level theoretical approaches. Our assessment of the relevance of distinct redox-isomeric forms for the mechanism of biological water oxidation strongly disfavors the scenario of early-onset O-O formation advanced by literal interpretations of certain crystallographic models. This work serves as a case study in the application of modern coupled cluster implementations to redox isomerism problems in oligonuclear transition metal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drosou
- Inorganic Chemistry LaboratoryNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensPanepistimiopolisZografou15771Greece
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für KohlenforschungKaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 145470Mülheim an derRuhrGermany
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14
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Winkler CK, Simić S, Jurkaš V, Bierbaumer S, Schmermund L, Poschenrieder S, Berger SA, Kulterer E, Kourist R, Kroutil W. Accelerated Reaction Engineering of Photo(bio)catalytic Reactions through Parallelization with an Open‐Source Photoreactor. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Stefan Simić
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Valentina Jurkaš
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Sarah Bierbaumer
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Silvan Poschenrieder
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Sarah A. Berger
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Elisa Kulterer
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry NAWI Graz University of Graz Heinrichstraße 28 8010 Graz Austria
- BioTechMed Graz 8010 Graz Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth University of Graz 8010 Graz Austria
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15
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PAP90, a novel rice protein plays a critical role in regulation of D1 protein stability of PSII. J Adv Res 2021; 30:197-211. [PMID: 34026296 PMCID: PMC8132209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Photosystem II (PSII) protein complex plays an essential role in the entire photosynthesis process. Various known and unknown protein factors are involved in the dynamics of the PSII complex that need to be characterized in crop plants for enhancing photosynthesis efficiency and productivity. Objectives The experiments were conducted to decipher the regulatory proteins involved in PSII dynamics of rice crop. Methods A novel rice regulatory protein PAP90 (PSII auxiliary protein ~90 kDa) was characterized by generating a loss-of-function mutant pap90. The mutation was characterized at molecular level followed by various experiments to analyze the morphological, physiological and biochemical processes of mutant under control and abiotic stresses. Results The pap90 mutant showed reduced photosynthesis due to D1 protein instability that subsequently causes inadequate accumulation of thylakoid membrane complexes, especially PSII and decreases PSII functional efficiency. Expression of OsFtsH family genes and proteins were induced in the mutant, which are known to play a key role in D1 protein degradation and turnover. The reduced D1 protein accumulation in the mutant increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of ROS along with the increased activity of antioxidant enzymes and induced expression of stress-associated genes and proteins in pap90 mutant contributed to its water-limited stress tolerance ability. Conclusion We propose that PAP90 is a key auxiliary protein that interacts with D1 protein and maintains its stability, thereby promoting subsequent assembly of the PSII and associated membrane complexes.
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16
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Drosou M, Zahariou G, Pantazis DA. Orientational Jahn-Teller Isomerism in the Dark-Stable State of Nature's Water Oxidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13493-13499. [PMID: 33830630 PMCID: PMC8252073 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The tetramanganese–calcium cluster of the oxygen‐evolving complex of photosystem II adopts electronically and magnetically distinct but interconvertible valence isomeric forms in its first light‐driven oxidized catalytic state, S2. This bistability is implicated in gating the final catalytic states preceding O−O bond formation, but it is unknown how the biological system enables its emergence and controls its effect. Here we show that the Mn4CaO5 cluster in the resting (dark‐stable) S1 state adopts orientational Jahn–Teller isomeric forms arising from a directional change in electronic configuration of the “dangler” MnIII ion. The isomers are consistent with available structural data and explain previously unresolved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopic observations on the S1 state. This unique isomerism in the resting state is shown to be the electronic origin of valence isomerism in the S2 state, establishing a functional role of orientational Jahn–Teller isomerism unprecedented in biological or artificial catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drosou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771, Greece
| | - Georgia Zahariou
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Athens, 15310, Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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17
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Drosou M, Zahariou G, Pantazis DA. Orientational Jahn–Teller Isomerism in the Dark‐Stable State of Nature's Water Oxidase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Drosou
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou 15771 Greece
| | - Georgia Zahariou
- Institute of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, NCSR “Demokritos” Athens 15310 Greece
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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18
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Christensen SB. Natural Products That Changed Society. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050472. [PMID: 33925870 PMCID: PMC8146924 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Until the end of the 19th century all drugs were natural products or minerals. During the 19th century chemists succeeded in isolating pure natural products such as quinine, morphine, codeine and other compounds with beneficial effects. Pure compounds enabled accurate dosing to achieve serum levels within the pharmacological window and reproducible clinical effects. During the 20th and the 21st century synthetic compounds became the major source of drugs. In spite of the impressive results achieved within the art of synthetic chemistry, natural products or modified natural products still constitute almost half of drugs used for treatment of cancer and diseases like malaria, onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis caused by parasites. A turning point in the fight against the devastating burden of malaria was obtained in the 17th century by the discovery that bark from trees belonging to the genus Cinchona could be used for treatment with varying success. However isolation and use of the active principle, quinine, in 1820, afforded a breakthrough in the treatment. In the 20th century the synthetic drug chloroquine severely reduced the burden of malaria. However, resistance made this drug obsolete. Subsequently artemisinin isolated from traditional Chinese medicine turned out to be an efficient antimalarial drug overcoming the problem of chloroquine resistance for a while. The use of synthetic analogues such as chloroquine or semisynthetic drugs such as artemether or artesunate further improved the possibilities for healing malaria. Onchocerciasis (river blindness) made life in large parts of Africa and South America miserable. The discovery of the healing effects of the macrocyclic lactone ivermectin enabled control and partly elimination of the disease by annual mass distribution of the drug. Also in the case of ivermectin improved semisynthetic derivatives have found their way into the clinic. Ivermectin also is an efficient drug for treatment of lymphatic filariasis. The serendipitous discovery of the ability of the spindle toxins to control the growth of fast proliferating cancer cells armed physicians with a new efficient tool for treatment of some cancer diseases. These possibilities have been elaborated through preparation of semisynthetic analogues. Today vincristine and vinblastine and semisynthetic analogues are powerful weapons against cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Søren Brøgger Christensen
- The Museum of Natural Medicine & The Pharmacognostic Collection, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Sirohiwal A, Neese F, Pantazis DA. Chlorophyll excitation energies and structural stability of the CP47 antenna of photosystem II: a case study in the first-principles simulation of light-harvesting complexes. Chem Sci 2021; 12:4463-4476. [PMID: 34163712 PMCID: PMC8179452 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06616h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural photosynthesis relies on light harvesting and excitation energy transfer by specialized pigment-protein complexes. Their structure and the electronic properties of the embedded chromophores define the mechanisms of energy transfer. An important example of a pigment-protein complex is CP47, one of the integral antennae of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII) that is responsible for efficient excitation energy transfer to the PSII reaction center. The charge-transfer excitation induced among coupled reaction center chromophores resolves into charge separation that initiates the electron transfer cascade driving oxygenic photosynthesis. Mapping the distribution of site energies among the 16 chlorophyll molecules of CP47 is essential for understanding excitation energy transfer and overall antenna function. In this work, we demonstrate a multiscale quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach utilizing full time-dependent density functional theory with modern range-separated functionals to compute for the first time the excitation energies of all CP47 chlorophylls in a complete membrane-embedded cyanobacterial PSII dimer. The results quantify the electrostatic effect of the protein on the site energies of CP47 chlorophylls, providing a high-level quantum chemical excitation profile of CP47 within a complete computational model of "near-native" cyanobacterial PSII. The ranking of site energies and the identity of the most red-shifted chlorophylls (B3, followed by B1) differ from previous hypotheses in the literature and provide an alternative basis for evaluating past approaches and semiempirically fitted sets. Given that a lot of experimental studies on CP47 and other light-harvesting complexes utilize extracted samples, we employ molecular dynamics simulations of isolated CP47 to identify which parts of the polypeptide are most destabilized and which pigments are most perturbed when the antenna complex is extracted from PSII. We demonstrate that large parts of the isolated complex rapidly refold to non-native conformations and that certain pigments (such as chlorophyll B1 and β-carotene h1) are so destabilized that they are probably lost upon extraction of CP47 from PSII. The results suggest that the properties of isolated CP47 are not representative of the native complexed antenna. The insights obtained from CP47 are generalizable, with important implications for the information content of experimental studies on biological light-harvesting antenna systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sirohiwal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany.,Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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20
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Solar-driven water-splitting provides a solution to the energy problem underpinning climate change. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2865-2874. [PMID: 33242067 PMCID: PMC7752056 DOI: 10.1042/bst20200758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of the oxygen-evolving photosystem two complex over 2.6 billion years ago represented the ‘big bang of evolution’ on planet Earth. It allowed phototrophic organisms to use sun light as an energy source to extract electrons and protons from water, and concomitantly release oxygen. Oxygenic photosynthesis not only created an aerobic atmosphere but also removed CO2 to produce the organic molecules that make up the current global biomass and fossil fuel. In addition, it paved the way for animal life. Today extensive burning of fossil fuels is reversing the results of photosynthesis through billions of years, rapidly releasing CO2 back into the atmosphere and consequently increasing the temperature of the planet. There is an urgent need to develop new sustainable energy sources, but the choice is not obvious. My approach to this problem has been to unravel the blueprint of photosystem II (PSII) and to develop an ‘Artificial Leaf’ technology. A significant step with respect to that mission was achieved at Imperial College when we could conclude from X-ray diffraction of PSII crystals, that the water-splitting catalytic centre consists of a unique Mn3Ca2+O4 cubane structure with a fourth dangler Mn oxo-bonded to the cubane. Here I use this and more recent structures to discuss the mechanism of water splitting and O–O bond formation. Furthermore, I will address how this information can be used to design novel water-splitting catalysts and highlight recent progress in this direction. My conviction is ‘if plants can do it, we can do it — after all it is all about chemistry’.
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21
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Tu W, Wu L, Zhang C, Sun R, Wang L, Yang W, Yang C, Liu C. Neoxanthin affects the stability of the C 2 S 2 M 2 -type photosystem II supercomplexes and the kinetics of state transition in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:1724-1735. [PMID: 33085804 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Neoxanthin (Neo), which is only bound to the peripheral antenna proteins of photosystem (PS) II, is a conserved carotenoid in all green plants. It has been demonstrated that Neo plays an important role in photoprotection and its deficiency fails to impact LHCII stability in vitro and indoor plant growth in vivo. Whether Neo is involved in maintaining the PSII complex structure or adaptive mechanisms for the everchanging environment has not yet been elucidated. In this study, the role of Neo in maintaining the structure and function of the PSII-LHCII supercomplexes was studied using Neo deficient Arabidopsis mutants. Our results show that Neo deficiency had little effect on the electron transport capacity and the plant fitness, but the PSII-LHCII supercomplexes were significantly impacted by the lack of Neo. In the absence of Neo, the M-type LHCII trimer cannot effectively associate with the C2 S2 -type PSII-LHCII supercomplexes even in moderate light conditions. Interestingly, Neo deficiency also leads to decreased PSII protein phosphorylation but rapid transition from state 1 to state 2. We suggest that Neo might enforce the interactions between LHCII and the minor antennas and that the absence of Neo makes M-type LHCII disassociate from the PSII complex, leading to the disassembly of the PSII-LHCII C2 S2 M2 supercomplexes, which results in alterations in the phosphorylation patterns of the thylakoid photosynthetic proteins and the kinetics of state transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfeng Tu
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Lishuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyan Zhang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Ruixue Sun
- Qingdao Institute, Shanghai Institute of Technological Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 264000, China
| | - Liangsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenqiang Yang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunhong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources/Beijing Botanical Garden, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Sirohiwal A, Neese F, Pantazis DA. Protein Matrix Control of Reaction Center Excitation in Photosystem II. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:18174-18190. [PMID: 33034453 PMCID: PMC7582616 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PSII) is a multisubunit pigment-protein complex that uses light-induced charge separation to power oxygenic photosynthesis. Its reaction center chromophores, where the charge transfer cascade is initiated, are arranged symmetrically along the D1 and D2 core polypeptides and comprise four chlorophyll (PD1, PD2, ChlD1, ChlD2) and two pheophytin molecules (PheoD1 and PheoD2). Evolution favored productive electron transfer only via the D1 branch, with the precise nature of primary excitation and the factors that control asymmetric charge transfer remaining under investigation. Here we present a detailed atomistic description for both. We combine large-scale simulations of membrane-embedded PSII with high-level quantum-mechanics/molecular-mechanics (QM/MM) calculations of individual and coupled reaction center chromophores to describe reaction center excited states. We employ both range-separated time-dependent density functional theory and the recently developed domain based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) implementation of the similarity transformed equation of motion coupled cluster theory with single and double excitations (STEOM-CCSD), the first coupled cluster QM/MM calculations of the reaction center. We find that the protein matrix is exclusively responsible for both transverse (chlorophylls versus pheophytins) and lateral (D1 versus D2 branch) excitation asymmetry, making ChlD1 the chromophore with the lowest site energy. Multipigment calculations show that the protein matrix renders the ChlD1 → PheoD1 charge-transfer the lowest energy excitation globally within the reaction center, lower than any pigment-centered local excitation. Remarkably, no low-energy charge transfer states are located within the "special pair" PD1-PD2, which is therefore excluded as the site of initial charge separation in PSII. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations suggest that modulation of the electrostatic environment due to protein conformational flexibility enables direct excitation of low-lying charge transfer states by far-red light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sirohiwal
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Fakultät
für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr-Universität
Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Frank Neese
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut
für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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23
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Anoxic photogeochemical oxidation of manganese carbonate yields manganese oxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:22698-22704. [PMID: 32868429 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002175117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation states of manganese minerals in the geological record have been interpreted as proxies for the evolution of molecular oxygen in the Archean eon. Here we report that an Archean manganese mineral, rhodochrosite (MnCO3), can be photochemically oxidized by light under anoxic, abiotic conditions. Rhodochrosite has a calculated bandgap of about 5.4 eV, corresponding to light energy centering around 230 nm. Light at that wavelength would have been present on Earth's surface in the Archean, prior to the formation of stratospheric ozone. We show experimentally that the photooxidation of rhodochrosite in suspension with light centered at 230 nm produced H2 gas and manganite (γ-MnOOH) with an apparent quantum yield of 1.37 × 10-3 moles hydrogen per moles incident photons. Our results suggest that manganese oxides could have formed abiotically on the surface in shallow waters and on continents during the Archean eon in the absence of molecular oxygen.
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24
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Schmermund L, Bierbaumer S, Schein VK, Winkler CK, Kara S, Kroutil W. Extending the Library of Light‐Dependent Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductases and their Solvent Tolerance, Stability in Light and Cofactor Flexibility. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.202000561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz – Field of Excellence BioHealth NAWI Graz BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Sarah Bierbaumer
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz – Field of Excellence BioHealth NAWI Graz BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Viktor K. Schein
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz – Field of Excellence BioHealth NAWI Graz BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz – Field of Excellence BioHealth NAWI Graz BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Selin Kara
- Department of Engineering Biological and Chemical Engineering Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing Group Aarhus University Gustav Wieds Vej 10 8000 Aarhus Denmark
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry University of Graz – Field of Excellence BioHealth NAWI Graz BioTechMed Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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25
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Trinugroho JP, Bečková M, Shao S, Yu J, Zhao Z, Murray JW, Sobotka R, Komenda J, Nixon PJ. Chlorophyll f synthesis by a super-rogue photosystem II complex. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:238-244. [PMID: 32170286 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-0616-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Certain cyanobacteria synthesize chlorophyll molecules (Chl d and Chl f) that absorb in the far-red region of the solar spectrum, thereby extending the spectral range of photosynthetically active radiation1,2. The synthesis and introduction of these far-red chlorophylls into the photosynthetic apparatus of plants might improve the efficiency of oxygenic photosynthesis, especially in far-red enriched environments, such as in the lower regions of the canopy3. Production of Chl f requires the ChlF subunit, also known as PsbA4 (ref. 4) or super-rogue D1 (ref. 5), a paralogue of the D1 subunit of photosystem II (PSII) which, together with D2, bind cofactors involved in the light-driven oxidation of water. Current ideas suggest that ChlF oxidizes Chl a to Chl f in a homodimeric ChlF reaction centre (RC) complex and represents a missing link in the evolution of the heterodimeric D1/D2 RC of PSII (refs. 4,6). However, unambiguous biochemical support for this proposal is lacking. Here, we show that ChlF can substitute for D1 to form modified PSII complexes capable of producing Chl f. Remarkably, mutation of just two residues in D1 converts oxygen-evolving PSII into a Chl f synthase. Overall, we have identified a new class of PSII complex, which we term 'super-rogue' PSII, with an unexpected role in pigment biosynthesis rather than water oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joko P Trinugroho
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Martina Bečková
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Shengxi Shao
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Ziyu Zhao
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - James W Murray
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Roman Sobotka
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Laboratory of Photosynthesis, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK.
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26
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Espiritu E, Chamberlain KD, Williams JC, Allen JP. Bound manganese oxides capable of reducing the bacteriochlorophyll dimer of modified reaction centers from Rhodobacter sphaeroides. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 143:129-141. [PMID: 31641987 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A biohybrid model system is described that interfaces synthetic Mn-oxides with bacterial reaction centers to gain knowledge concerning redox reactions by metal clusters in proteins, in particular the Mn4CaO5 cluster of photosystem II. The ability of Mn-oxides to bind to modified bacterial reaction centers and transfer an electron to the light-induced oxidized bacteriochlorophyll dimer, P+, was characterized using optical spectroscopy. The environment of P was altered to obtain a high P/P+ midpoint potential. In addition, different metal-binding sites were introduced by substitution of amino acid residues as well as extension of the C-terminus of the M subunit with the C-terminal region of the D1 subunit of photosystem II. The Mn-compounds MnO2, αMn2O3, Mn3O4, CaMn2O4, and Mn3(PO4)2 were tested and compared to MnCl2. In general, addition of the Mn-compounds resulted in a decrease in the amount of P+ while the reduced quinone was still present, demonstrating that the Mn-compounds can serve as secondary electron donors. The extent of P+ reduction for the Mn-oxides was largest for αMn2O3 and CaMn2O4 and smallest for Mn3O4 and MnO2. The addition of Mn3(PO4)2 resulted in nearly complete P+ reduction, similar to MnCl2. Overall, the activity was correlated with the initial oxidation state of the Mn-compound. Transient optical measurements showed a fast kinetic component, assigned to reduction of P+ by the Mn-oxide, in addition to a slow component due to charge recombination. The results support the conjecture that the incorporation of Mn-oxides by ancient anoxygenic phototrophs was a step in the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Espiritu
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - Kori D Chamberlain
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - JoAnn C Williams
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA
| | - James P Allen
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1604, USA.
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27
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Nakamura S, Capone M, Narzi D, Guidoni L. Pivotal role of the redox-active tyrosine in driving the water splitting catalyzed by photosystem II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:273-285. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04605d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
TyrZ oxidation state triggers hydrogen bond modification in the water oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Nakamura
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”
- University of Rome “Sapienza”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Matteo Capone
- Department of Information Engineering, Computational Science, and Mathematics
- Università dell’Aquila
- L’Aquila
- Italy
| | - Daniele Narzi
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Av. F.-A. Forel 2
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - Leonardo Guidoni
- Department of Physical and Chemical Science
- Università dell’Aquila
- L’Aquila
- Italy
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28
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Nicol L, Nawrocki WJ, Croce R. Disentangling the sites of non-photochemical quenching in vascular plants. NATURE PLANTS 2019; 5:1177-1183. [PMID: 31659240 PMCID: PMC6861128 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0526-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants experience large fluctuations in light intensity and they need to balance the absorption and utilization of this energy appropriately. Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) is a rapidly switchable mechanism that protects plants from photodamage caused by high light exposure by dissipating the excess absorbed energy as heat. It is triggered by the pH gradient across the thylakoid membrane and requires the protein PsbS and the xanthophyll zeaxanthin. However, the site and mechanism of the quencher(s) remain unknown. Here, we constructed a mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana that lacks light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), the main antenna complex of plants, to verify its contribution to NPQ. The mutant plant has normally stacked thylakoid membranes, displays no upregulation of other LHCs but shows a relative decrease in Photosystem I (PSI), which compensates for the decrease of the PSII antenna. The mutant plant exhibits a reduction in NPQ of about 60% and the remaining NPQ resembles that of mutant plants lacking chlorophyll (Chl) b, which lack all PSII peripheral antenna complexes. We thus report that PsbS-dependent NPQ occurs mainly in LHCII, but there is an additional quenching site in the PSII core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Nicol
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wojciech J Nawrocki
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta Croce
- Biophysics of Photosynthesis, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Mesa CA, Francàs L, Yang KR, Garrido-Barros P, Pastor E, Ma Y, Kafizas A, Rosser TE, Mayer MT, Reisner E, Grätzel M, Batista VS, Durrant JR. Multihole water oxidation catalysis on haematite photoanodes revealed by operando spectroelectrochemistry and DFT. Nat Chem 2019; 12:82-89. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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The S3 State of the Oxygen-Evolving Complex: Overview of Spectroscopy and XFEL Crystallography with a Critical Evaluation of Early-Onset Models for O–O Bond Formation. INORGANICS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics7040055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The catalytic cycle of the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) of photosystem II (PSII) comprises five intermediate states Si (i = 0–4), from the most reduced S0 state to the most oxidized S4, which spontaneously evolves dioxygen. The precise geometric and electronic structure of the Si states, and hence the mechanism of O–O bond formation in the OEC, remain under investigation, particularly for the final steps of the catalytic cycle. Recent advances in protein crystallography based on X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) have produced new structural models for the S3 state, which indicate that two of the oxygen atoms of the inorganic Mn4CaO6 core of the OEC are in very close proximity. This has been interpreted as possible evidence for “early-onset” O–O bond formation in the S3 state, as opposed to the more widely accepted view that the O–O bond is formed in the final state of the cycle, S4. Peroxo or superoxo formation in S3 has received partial support from computational studies. Here, a brief overview is provided of spectroscopic information, recent crystallographic results, and computational models for the S3 state. Emphasis is placed on computational S3 models that involve O–O formation, which are discussed with respect to their agreement with structural information, experimental evidence from various spectroscopic studies, and substrate exchange kinetics. Despite seemingly better agreement with some of the available crystallographic interpretations for the S3 state, models that implicate early-onset O–O bond formation are hard to reconcile with the complete line of experimental evidence, especially with X-ray absorption, X-ray emission, and magnetic resonance spectroscopic observations. Specifically with respect to quantum chemical studies, the inconclusive energetics for the possible isoforms of S3 is an acute problem that is probably beyond the capabilities of standard density functional theory.
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31
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Schmermund L, Jurkaš V, Özgen FF, Barone GD, Büchsenschütz HC, Winkler CK, Schmidt S, Kourist R, Kroutil W. Photo-Biocatalysis: Biotransformations in the Presence of Light. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Schmermund
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Jurkaš
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - F. Feyza Özgen
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Giovanni D. Barone
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Hanna C. Büchsenschütz
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph K. Winkler
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sandy Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Robert Kourist
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Petersgasse 14, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Kroutil
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz, BioHealth, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
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32
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Longoni P, Samol I, Goldschmidt-Clermont M. The Kinase STATE TRANSITION 8 Phosphorylates Light Harvesting Complex II and Contributes to Light Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1156. [PMID: 31608094 PMCID: PMC6761601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII) is a central trigger for the reorganization of the photosynthetic complexes in the thylakoid membrane during short-term light acclimation. The major kinase involved in LHCII phosphorylation is STATE TRANSITION 7 (STN7), and its activity is mostly counteracted by a thylakoid-associated phosphatase, PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE 1/THYLAKOID ASSOCIATED PHOSPHATASE 38 (PPH1/TAP38). This kinase/phosphatase pair responds to the redox status of the photosynthetic electron transport chain. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Lhcb1 and Lhcb2 subunits of the LHCII trimers are the major targets of phosphorylation and have different roles in the acclimation of the photosynthetic machinery. Another antagonistic kinase and phosphatase pair, STATE TRANSITION 8 (STN8) and PHOTOSYSTEM II PHOSPHATASE (PBCP) target a different set of thylakoid proteins. Here, we analyzed double, triple, and quadruple knockout mutants of these kinases and phosphatases. In multiple mutants, lacking STN7, in combination with one or both phosphatases, but not STN8, the phosphorylation of LHCII was partially restored. The recovered phosphorylation favors Lhcb1 over Lhcb2 and results in a better adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus and increased plant growth under fluctuating light. This set of mutants allowed to unveil a contribution of STN8-dependent phosphorylation in the acclimation to rapid light variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Longoni
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Paolo Longoni,
| | - Iga Samol
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michel Goldschmidt-Clermont
- Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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33
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Corry TA, O'Malley PJ. Evidence of O-O Bond Formation in the Final Metastable S 3 State of Nature's Water Oxidizing Complex Implying a Novel Mechanism of Water Oxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:6269-6274. [PMID: 30336040 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b02793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel mechanism for the final stages of Nature's photosynthetic water oxidation to molecular oxygen is proposed. This is based on a comparison of experimental and broken symmetry density functional theory (BS-DFT) calculated geometries and magnetic resonance properties of water oxidizing complex models in the final metastable oxidation state, S3. We show that peroxo models of the S3 state are in vastly superior agreement with the current experimental structural determinations compared with oxo-hydroxo models. Comparison of experimental and BS-DFT calculated 55Mn hyperfine couplings for the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) visible form shows better agreement for the oxo-hydroxo model. An equilibrium between oxo-hydroxo and peroxo models is proposed for the S3 state and the major implications for the final steps in the water oxidation mechanism are analyzed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Corry
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester , M13 9PL , U.K
| | - Patrick J O'Malley
- School of Chemistry , The University of Manchester , Manchester , M13 9PL , U.K
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34
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Ycf48 involved in the biogenesis of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II complex is a seven-bladed beta-propeller protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7824-E7833. [PMID: 30061392 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1800609115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust photosynthesis in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria requires the participation of accessory proteins to facilitate the assembly and maintenance of the photosynthetic apparatus located within the thylakoid membranes. The highly conserved Ycf48 protein acts early in the biogenesis of the oxygen-evolving photosystem II (PSII) complex by binding to newly synthesized precursor D1 subunit and by promoting efficient association with the D2 protein to form a PSII reaction center (PSII RC) assembly intermediate. Ycf48 is also required for efficient replacement of damaged D1 during the repair of PSII. However, the structural features underpinning Ycf48 function remain unclear. Here we show that Ycf48 proteins encoded by the thermophilic cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus elongatus and the red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae form seven-bladed beta-propellers with the 19-aa insertion characteristic of eukaryotic Ycf48 located at the junction of blades 3 and 4. Knowledge of these structures has allowed us to identify a conserved "Arg patch" on the surface of Ycf48 that is important for binding of Ycf48 to PSII RCs but also to larger complexes, including trimeric photosystem I (PSI). Reduced accumulation of chlorophyll in the absence of Ycf48 and the association of Ycf48 with PSI provide evidence of a more wide-ranging role for Ycf48 in the biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus than previously thought. Copurification of Ycf48 with the cyanobacterial YidC protein insertase supports the involvement of Ycf48 during the cotranslational insertion of chlorophyll-binding apopolypeptides into the membrane.
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35
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Bec Ková M, Yu J, Krynická V, Kozlo A, Shao S, Koník P, Komenda J, Murray JW, Nixon PJ. Structure of Psb29/Thf1 and its association with the FtsH protease complex involved in photosystem II repair in cyanobacteria. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 372:rstb.2016.0394. [PMID: 28808107 PMCID: PMC5566888 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
One strategy for enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants is to improve their ability to repair photosystem II (PSII) in response to irreversible damage by light. Despite the pivotal role of thylakoid-embedded FtsH protease complexes in the selective degradation of PSII subunits during repair, little is known about the factors involved in regulating FtsH expression. Here we show using the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 that the Psb29 subunit, originally identified as a minor component of His-tagged PSII preparations, physically interacts with FtsH complexes in vivo and is required for normal accumulation of the FtsH2/FtsH3 hetero-oligomeric complex involved in PSII repair. We show using X-ray crystallography that Psb29 from Thermosynechococcus elongatus has a unique fold consisting of a helical bundle and an extended C-terminal helix and contains a highly conserved region that might be involved in binding to FtsH. A similar interaction is likely to occur in Arabidopsis chloroplasts between the Psb29 homologue, termed THF1, and the FTSH2/FTSH5 complex. The direct involvement of Psb29/THF1 in FtsH accumulation helps explain why THF1 is a target during the hypersensitive response in plants induced by pathogen infection. Downregulating FtsH function and the PSII repair cycle via THF1 would contribute to the production of reactive oxygen species, the loss of chloroplast function and cell death. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Bec Ková
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jianfeng Yu
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vendula Krynická
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Amanda Kozlo
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shengxi Shao
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter Koník
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Komenda
- Institute of Microbiology, Center Algatech, Opatovický mlýn, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic .,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - James W Murray
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Peter J Nixon
- Sir Ernst Chain Building-Wolfson Laboratories, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Ahmadova N, Mamedov F. Formation of tyrosine radicals in photosystem II under far-red illumination. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2018; 136:93-106. [PMID: 28924898 PMCID: PMC5851703 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Photosystem II (PS II) contains two redox-active tyrosine residues on the donor side at symmetrical positions to the primary donor, P680. TyrZ, part of the water-oxidizing complex, is a preferential fast electron donor while TyrD is a slow auxiliary donor to P680+. We used PS II membranes from spinach which were depleted of the water oxidation complex (Mn-depleted PS II) to study electron donation from both tyrosines by time-resolved EPR spectroscopy under visible and far-red continuous light and laser flash illumination. Our results show that under both illumination regimes, oxidation of TyrD occurs via equilibrium with TyrZ• at pH 4.7 and 6.3. At pH 8.5 direct TyrD oxidation by P680+ occurs in the majority of the PS II centers. Under continuous far-red light illumination these reactions were less effective but still possible. Different photochemical steps were considered to explain the far-red light-induced electron donation from tyrosines and localization of the primary electron hole (P680+) on the ChlD1 in Mn-depleted PS II after the far-red light-induced charge separation at room temperature is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigar Ahmadova
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry - Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 523, 751 20, Uppsala, Sweden.
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37
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Bayro-Kaiser V, Nelson N. Microalgal hydrogen production: prospects of an essential technology for a clean and sustainable energy economy. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 133:49-62. [PMID: 28239761 PMCID: PMC5500669 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Modern energy production is required to undergo a dramatic transformation. It will have to replace fossil fuel use by a sustainable and clean energy economy while meeting the growing world energy needs. This review analyzes the current energy sector, available energy sources, and energy conversion technologies. Solar energy is the only energy source with the potential to fully replace fossil fuels, and hydrogen is a crucial energy carrier for ensuring energy availability across the globe. The importance of photosynthetic hydrogen production for a solar-powered hydrogen economy is highlighted and the development and potential of this technology are discussed. Much successful research for improved photosynthetic hydrogen production under laboratory conditions has been reported, and attempts are underway to develop upscale systems. We suggest that a process of integrating these achievements into one system to strive for efficient sustainable energy conversion is already justified. Pursuing this goal may lead to a mature technology for industrial deployment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinzenz Bayro-Kaiser
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Nathan Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 69978, Tel Aviv, Israel
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38
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Wang J, Askerka M, Brudvig GW, Batista VS. Insights into Photosystem II from Isomorphous Difference Fourier Maps of Femtosecond X-ray Diffraction Data and Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Structural Models. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2017; 2:397-407. [PMID: 28217747 PMCID: PMC5307371 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding structure-function relations in photosystem II (PSII) is important for the development of biomimetic photocatalytic systems. X-ray crystallography, computational modeling, and spectroscopy have played central roles in elucidating the structure and function of PSII. Recent breakthroughs in femtosecond X-ray crystallography offer the possibility of collecting diffraction data from the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) before radiation damage of the sample, thereby overcoming the main challenge of conventional X-ray diffraction methods. However, the interpretation of XFEL data from PSII intermediates is challenging because of the issues regarding data-processing, uncertainty on the precise positions of light oxygen atoms next to heavy metal centers, and different kinetics of the S-state transition in microcrystals compared to solution. Here, we summarize recent advances and outstanding challenges in PSII structure-function determination with emphasis on the implementation of quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics techniques combined with isomorphous difference Fourier maps, direct methods, and high-resolution spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Wang
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8114, United States
| | - Mikhail Askerka
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Gary W. Brudvig
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
| | - Victor S. Batista
- Department
of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States
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Raucci U, Ciofini I, Adamo C, Rega N. Unveiling the Reactivity of a Synthetic Mimic of the Oxygen Evolving Complex. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:5015-5021. [PMID: 27973871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We simulated for the first time the oxygen-oxygen bond formation in a synthetic calcium-tetra manganese complex recently developed by Zhang and co-workers. In spite of promising structural similarities to the native oxygen evolving complex (OEC) in Photosystem II, several uncertainties on the mimic stability in water and on its potential catalytic activity still persist. Here, we characterized at density functional theory level the electronic and structural features of the Sn states of the complex, along with the oxygen-oxygen bond formation reaction, proposing a reasonable model for the hydrate complex. As a main finding, both the synthetic compound and the natural OEC show very close energetic barriers for the oxo-oxyl coupling process, suggesting that key electronic features of the natural OEC reactivity are well reproduced. This result strongly encourages the use of this synthetic complex in combination with other molecular assemblies for the design of successful artificial leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Raucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M. S. Angelo , via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- Laboratoire d' Electrochimie, Chimie des Interfaces et Modelisation pour l' Energie, CNRS UMR-7575, Chimie ParisTech , 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Chimie ParisTech , 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Carlo Adamo
- Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris, Chimie ParisTech , 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- Institut Universitaire de France , 103 Bd Saint-Michel, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Nadia Rega
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di M. S. Angelo , via Cintia, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
- Italian Institute of Technology, IIT@CRIB Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Healthcare, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, I-80125 Napoli, Italy
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40
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Sequential and Coupled Proton and Electron Transfer Events in the S2 → S3 Transition of Photosynthetic Water Oxidation Revealed by Time-Resolved X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy. Biochemistry 2016; 55:6996-7004. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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