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Ali MZ, Moula MM, Bhuiyan ZA, Giasuddin M, Shin HJ. First Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Chicken Astrovirus and Avian Nephritis Virus in Chickens in Bangladesh. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:769489. [PMID: 34926641 PMCID: PMC8672296 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.769489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and avian nephritis virus (ANV) are enteric viruses of poultry and have infected a wide range of poultry species worldwide, causing runting-stunting syndrome (RSS), which requires virus screening and results in serious economic damage. No confirmed cases have been reported from Bangladesh. In the present study, CAstV and ANV were monitored in Bangladesh. We monitored samples for CAstV and ANV and compared their genomic sequences to other reference strains. We found 8/31 flocks (25.8%) were positive for CAstV, 6/31 flocks (19.3%) had mixed infection of CAstV and ANV, and 1 flock (3.2%) was positive for ANV. Only ANV and a combination of CAstV and ANV were found in broilers and broiler breeders, but CAstV was found in all types of chickens. We isolated two of each from CAstV and ANV through specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs via the yolk sac route. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ORF1b conserved region of CAstV and ANV suggested that the locally circulating strain was closely related to the strains isolated from India and Brazil. This report is the first molecular characterization of CAstV and ANV in Bangladesh. This study highlights that CAstV and ANV are circulating in Bangladeshi poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zulfekar Ali
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Zafar Ahmed Bhuiyan
- Nourish Central Poultry Laboratory, Nourish Poultry and Hatchery Ltd., Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Giasuddin
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea.,Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
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Shehata AA, Basiouni S, Sting R, Akimkin V, Hoferer M, Hafez HM. Poult Enteritis and Mortality Syndrome in Turkey Poults: Causes, Diagnosis and Preventive Measures. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11072063. [PMID: 34359191 PMCID: PMC8300142 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) causes severe economic losses in turkeys. Several agents were described to be associated with the PEMS; however, a specific etiological agent(s) has not been identified. The diagnosis of PEMS is still a huge challenge for several reasons: (1) no specific clinical signs or pathognomonic lesions, (2) isolation of some enteric viruses still difficult, (3) the pathogenicity of several enteric viruses in turkeys is not fully understood, (4) PEMS is an interaction between several known and might be unknown agents and (5) opportunistic microorganisms also have a role in the pathogenesis of PEMS. Both electron microscopy and molecular techniques can be used for diagnosis of PEMS and might help to discover unknown causes. Until now, no specific vaccines against enteric viruses associated with PEMS. However, biosecurity, maintaining a healthy gut and strengthening the immune system of turkey poults using probiotics, prebiotics and/or phytogenic substances are crucial factors to prevent and/or reduce losses of PEMS in turkeys. This review is a call for scientists to perform further research to investigate the real cause(s) of PEMS and to develop a preventive strategy against it. Abstract Poult enteritis and mortality syndrome (PEMS) is one of the most significant problem affecting turkeys and continues to cause severe economic losses worldwide. Although the specific causes of PEMS remains unknown, this syndrome might involve an interaction between several causative agents such as enteropathogenic viruses (coronaviruses, rotavirus, astroviruses and adenoviruses) and bacteria and protozoa. Non-infectious causes such as feed and management are also interconnected factors. However, it is difficult to determine the specific cause of enteric disorders under field conditions. Additionally, similarities of clinical signs and lesions hamper the accurate diagnosis. The purpose of the present review is to discuss in detail the main viral possible causative agents of PEMS and challenges in diagnosis and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awad A. Shehata
- Birds and Rabbit Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
- Research and Development Section, PerNaturam GmbH, 56290 Gödenroth, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.); (H.M.H.)
| | - Shereen Basiouni
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt;
| | - Reinhard Sting
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany; (R.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Valerij Akimkin
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Stuttgart, 70736 Fellbach, Germany; (R.S.); (V.A.)
| | - Marc Hoferer
- Chemisches und Veterinäruntersuchungsamt Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Hafez M. Hafez
- Institute of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Free University of Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: (A.A.S.); (H.M.H.)
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Torre DDL, Nuñez LFN, Puga B, Parra SHS, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Ferreira AJP. Molecular Diagnostic of Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV) Affecting Broiler Flocks in Ecuador. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D De la Torre
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; Central University of Ecuador, Ecuador
| | - LFN Nuñez
- University of São Paulo, Brazil; Central University of Ecuador, Ecuador
| | - B Puga
- Central University of Ecuador, Ecuador
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, De la Torre D, Catroxo MH, Buim MR, Chacon RV, Ferreira CSA, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Isolation of avian nephritis virus from chickens showing enteric disorders. Poult Sci 2018; 97:3478-3488. [PMID: 30239960 PMCID: PMC6142861 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) is one of the diseases associated with many detected viruses. In Brazil, there were reports of several enteric disease outbreaks in chickens in which avian nephritis virus (ANV) was detected; however, the role of ANV in the outbreaks and whether the virus was a causative agent of these cases of enteric diseases were not determined. The aim of this study was to isolate ANV in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) from the enteric contents of chickens showing signs of RSS. For this purpose, 22 samples of chicken enteric contents that were positive only for ANV were inoculated into 7 and 14-day-old SPF-CEE via the yolk sac route and incubated for 5 d, with a total of 3 passages. Virus isolation was confirmed by the presence of embryo injuries, detection of viral RNA by RT-PCR, and visualization of viral particles using electron microscopy. Therefore, the 7-day-old inoculated embryos showed dwarfism, gelatinous consistency, hemorrhage, and edema in the embryos, whereas the 14-day-old did not show any alteration. Viral RNA was detected in the embryos of both ages of inoculation, and the same viral particles were visualized. The embryos from the mock group showed no alteration and were negative for all the tests. The viral cDNA was sequenced, and the molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed that the Brazilian isolates are more related with the ANV-1 serotype group; the sequences of these isolates showed a high percentage of nucleotide (86.4 to 94.9%) and amino acid (92.3 to 98.7%) similarity with other sequences from China, Japan, Australia, and the United States that belong to this serotype previously classified group. In this study, we isolated 8 samples of ANV in SPF-CEE from enteric content samples from chickens with RSS. In doing so, we showed the pathological injuries to the embryo caused by the virus and the molecular characterization of a part of the ORF 1b gene of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - David De la Torre
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Central University of Ecuador, Quito EC170521, Ecuador
| | - Marcia H Catroxo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Center for Research and Development of Animal Health, Instituto Biológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos R Buim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, Instituto Biológico, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, CEP 17690-000, Bastos, SP, Brazil, and
| | - Ruy V Chacon
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudete S Astolfi Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Enteric Virus Diversity Examined by Molecular Methods in Brazilian Poultry Flocks. Vet Sci 2018; 5:vetsci5020038. [PMID: 29596389 PMCID: PMC6024555 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci5020038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric viruses play an important role in the Brazilian poultry industry due to the economic impact of resulting low yields of broilers, layers, and breeders. The most common enteric viruses affecting commercial flocks in Brazil include Fowl Adenovirus of group I (FAdV-I), Chicken Parvovirus (ChPV), Chicken Astrovirus (CAstV), Avian Nephritis Virus (ANV), Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Avian Reovirus (AReo), and Avian Rotavirus (ARtV). The aim of this study was to identify single and multiple infections using data obtained from 270 samples from eleven Brazilian states, corresponding to the period between 2010 and 2017. This was accompanied by an analysis of the relationship between the age of birds, clinical signs, and geographical distribution, using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Reverse Transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) techniques. Twenty-five profiles of virus combinations were detected. Single infections were encountered in 86.3% of samples, and multiple infections were present in the remaining 13.7%. Both single and multiple infections affected all kinds of commercial chickens with digestive problems, stunting syndrome, decreases in egg and meat production, increased mortality, and respiratory signs. FAdV-I, ChPV, CAstV, ANV, and ARtV were mostly detected in young broilers, in contrast with IBV, which was detected in hens from one to greater than 51 weeks of age. These results exhibit the complexity of enteric diseases and the still poorly understood role of each pathogen as a unique etiological agent.
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De la Torre D, Nuñez LFN, Santander Parra SH, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Molecular characterization of fowl adenovirus group I in commercial broiler chickens in Brazil. Virusdisease 2018; 29:83-88. [PMID: 29607363 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-018-0430-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian adenovirus has been reported in many countries and is an infectious agent related with inclusion body hepatitis, hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), and respiratory and enteric conditions in chickens worldwide. The objective of this study was to detect and establish the molecular sequences of the hexon gene from the avian adenovirus strains of group I (FAdV-I) isolated from birds with hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome (HHS), malabsorption syndrome and runting-stunting syndrome, to characterize the serotype of virus affecting commercial flocks in Brazil. Molecular characterization was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using specific primers to amplify the Loop 1 (L1) variable region of the hexon gene in the FAdV-I genome and subsequent sequencing of the PCR product for each positive sample. The results have revealed the presence of the FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 serotypes circulating in Brazilian chicken flocks. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these sequences into three (3) distinct groups, 14 samples were aligned with the FAdV-11 group, three (3) samples in the FAdV-8b group and one (1) sample in the FAdV-8a group. The serotypes FAdV-8a, FAdV-8b, and FAdV-11 are circulating in Brazilian chicken flocks. Therefore, these results are very important for improvement biosecurity measurements and vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- David De la Torre
- 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Luis F N Nuñez
- 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
- 2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Central University of Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- 1Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP Brazil
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Carranza C, Torre DIDL, Pedroso AC, Ferreira AJP. Detection of enteric viruses in pancreas and spleen of broilers with runting-stunting syndrome (RSS). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2016000700006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Enteric disease is a multifactorial problem in chickens, which causes gastrointestinal alterations, elevated feed conversions and impairment. In the last years, several enteric viruses were implicated in enteric disease; case reports have shown their presence alone or in concomitant infections during outbreaks and have suggested that they might be determining factors in the aetiology of enteric disease. This study shows high detection rates of enteric viruses in the pancreas and spleen in samples from an outbreak of enteritis and malabsorption in 16 chicken flocks (n=80 broilers). Avian nephritis virus (ANV) was the most ubiquitous virus, present in 75% of the flocks followed by avian rotavirus group A (ART-A) with 68.75%, and by chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) in 43.75% of samples. Viruses were present in the pancreas of positive flocks at extremely high rates: 100% for ART-A, 91.7% for ANV, 100% for CAstV and 57.14% for ChPV. By contrast, only 16.7% and 57.14% of intestine samples were positive for ANV and CAstV, respectively. Avian reovirus (AReo) and avian adenovirus group 1 (FAdV-1) were not detected. These results suggest that high viral detection rates in pancreas samples may be a result of viremia during enteric disease, with subsequent damage of the exocrine pancreas, leading to runting-stunting syndrome (RSS).
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Nuñez LFN, Santander Parra SH, Carranza C, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Buim MR, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Detection and molecular characterization of chicken astrovirus associated with chicks that have an unusual condition known as "white chicks" in Brazil. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1262-70. [PMID: 26976903 PMCID: PMC7107173 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chicken astrovirus (CAstV) is one of many viruses related to enteric diseases in poultry that are associated with Runting-Stunting Syndrome (RSS), which affects young chickens. CAstV was also recently associated with an unusual condition in chicks called “white chicks.” Some hatcheries in certain states of Brazil have reported several incubation problems, mortality, and the presence of chicks with white plumages over the past several months. These chicks were termed locally as “white chicks.” The present work investigated 30 chicks with this unusual condition using a multidisciplinary approach. Postmortem examination of each chick showed enlarged livers and intestines that were full of liquid and gas (30/30). The pancreas, kidneys, and spleen were pale (30/30). The other organs did not show any macroscopic alterations. CAstV, chicken parvovirus (ChPV), avian nephritis virus (ANV), avian rotavirus (ARtV), avian reovirus (AReoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and fowl adenovirus group I (FAdV-1) were tested in the intestines, pancreas, proventriculus, gizzard, liver, spleen, bursa, kidneys, thymus, lung, heart, brain, and yolk sac in each chick. All organs and yolk sacs were positive for CAstV in different titres and negative for the other tested viruses. The partial molecular characterization of the ORF 1b gene of CAstV using 28 sequences revealed a high similarity of the nucleotides and amino acids with sequences of CAstV from North America, Europe, and Asia, and our CAstV sequences clustered into a unique group that was separate from the other sequences. These results demonstrated that CAstV was associated with the white chick condition in Brazil. The virus was distributed in most organs, including the brain and yolk sac. These results suggest that the virus could be transmitted vertically. The molecular characterization also revealed that the CAstV associated with white chick condition was molecularly related to other CAstV sequences found worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C Carranza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Buim
- Biological Institute, Av. Gaspar Ricardo, 1700, CEP 17690-000, Bastos, SP, Brazil
| | - A J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Nuñez LFN, Sá LRM, Parra SHS, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Carranza C, Ferreira AJP. Molecular detection of chicken parvovirus in broilers with enteric disorders presenting curving of duodenal loop, pancreatic atrophy, and mesenteritis. Poult Sci 2016; 95:802-10. [PMID: 26908891 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric disorders are an important cause of economic losses in broiler chickens worldwide. Several agents have been associated with enteric problems, such as viruses, bacteria, and parasites. In this study, broiler chickens showing signs of enteric disorders were subjected to molecular diagnosis for several viral agents and also for pathological examination for elucidating this problem. Thus, the chickens were screened for avian nephritis virus (ANV), chicken astrovirus (CAstV), avian rotavirus (ArtV), avian reovirus (AReoV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), fowl adenovirus group I (FAdV-1), and chicken parvovirus (ChPV). Postmortem examinations revealed a curving of the duodenal loop (J-like appearance) and intestines filled with liquid and gaseous content. Histopathological analysis of the duodenal loop showed pancreatic atrophy, acute mesenteritis, and enteritis. PCR results showed that ChPV was the sole viral agent detected in samples with lesions such as the curved duodenal loop and pancreatic atrophy. Molecular characterization of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences revealed a high similarity with other strains of ChPV from Brazil, Canada, United States, Europe, and Asia. These findings suggest an association between ChPV and the development of enteritis, pancreatitis, and pancreatic atrophy, which may lead to curling of the duodenal loop. Together, these alterations may disrupt the normal functioning of the digestive system, diminishing digestion and the absorption of dietary nutrients and consequently leading to reduced weight gain, flock impairment, dwarfism, and an elevated feed conversion rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L R M Sá
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S H S Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Carranza
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A J P Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nuñez LFN, Parra SHS, Mettifogo E, Catroxo MHB, Astolfi-Ferreira CS, Piantino Ferreira AJ. Isolation of chicken astrovirus from specific pathogen-free chicken embryonated eggs. Poult Sci 2015; 94:947-54. [PMID: 25805833 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses have been associated with enteric disorders in many animal species, including chickens. Here, we describe the isolation, propagation, and pathological characteristics of chicken astrovirus (CAstV) in specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken embryonated eggs (CEE) from chickens with diarrhea and runting-stunting syndrome. The CEE were inoculated via the yolk sac route. Viral confirmation was carried out using PCR techniques and transmission electron microscopy negative staining with ammonium molybdate. The intestinal contents were screened for CAstV, and differential diagnostic testing was performed for avian nephritis virus, avian rotavirus, avian reovirus, chicken parvovirus, infectious bronchitis virus, and fowl adenovirus Group I to detect co-infection with other infectious agents. Seven- or 14-day-old CEEs presented with hemorrhages, edema, a gelatinous aspect, deformities, and dwarfism. The supporting membranes did not show any alterations. Here, we have described the isolation of CAstV and its pathological characteristics in SPF CEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabian N Nuñez
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Silvana H Santander Parra
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elena Mettifogo
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Helena B Catroxo
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Center for Research and Development of Animal Health, InstitutoBiológico, Av. Cons. Rodrigues Alves, 1252, 04014-002, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudete S Astolfi-Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio J Piantino Ferreira
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando M. Paiva, 87, 05508-270, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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